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This document introduces some key terms related to instrumentation and control systems documentation, including instruments, instrumentation, process control, and systems. It discusses the importance of documentation standards from the International Society of Automation (ISA) and explains that piping and instrumentation diagrams (PIDs) are used by various engineering and technical roles to understand equipment, trace flow, conceptualize processes, communicate information, and help control processes. The document also outlines different types of industrial processes and highlights some of the sections contained in instrumentation documentation standards.
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00 introduction
- 1. Instrumentation and Control Systems Documentation Introduction EMEC125
- 2. A Few Terms to Understand Before Starting • Instrument • “A device used for direct or indirect measurement, monitoring, and/or control of a variable, including primary elements, indicators, controllers, final control elements, computing devices, and electrical devices such as annunciators, switches, and pushbuttons.” (International Society of Automation, 2009, p. 21) • Instrumentation • “A collection of instruments, devices, hardware, or functions or their application for the purpose of measuring, monitoring, or controlling an industrial process or machine, or any combination of these.” (International Society of Automation, 2009, p. 21)
- 3. A Few Terms to Understand Before Starting • Process Control • “The regulation or manipulation of variables influencing the conduct of a press in such a way as to obtain a product of desired quality and quantity in an efficient manner.” (Lipták, 1995, p. 22) • Simply stated: It is a series of steps that are regulated and controlled. • System • “A collection of equipment designed to perform a specific function.” (Thomas, 2015, p. 45)
- 4. Smile!!! There Are Standards; However… • It’s not an exact science • There is more than one way to do it • It’s subjective, open for discussion, use the best method
- 5. Who Uses the Documentation? • P&ID and its symbology is used by: • Process Engineers • Control Systems Engineers • Design Engineers • Piping, Electrical and Mechanical Engineers • Purchasing • Fabricators • Installation personnel • Calibration Technicians • Maintenance Technicians • Safety Engineers • Process Programmers https://www.escservices.com/services/other-services-provided/piping-and- instrumentation-diagrams/
- 6. How is it Used? • Use a graphic symbol to represent a hardware and control functions • A single drawn line may represent two or more wires • Know your audience (Who?) will be using the document? PT 102 ≡ Pressure Transmitter in Loop 102
- 7. Why Use Symbols and Documentation? • Trace flow • Conceptualize a process • Communicate information/changes • Document changes/repairs/updates • Global common language
- 8. Why Should Process Personnel Understand P&ID • Understand equipment in the plant • Alert to problems of the process • Pinpoint problems easier • Better control the process
- 9. Types of Processes • Continuous • “Material is fed into and removed from the process at the same time. Petroleum refining is a good example.” (Meier & Meier, 2011, p. 5) • Batch • Quantities of material are blended, mixed and/or modified in isolation in a defined quantity, a “batch” at-a-time. The output of the “batch” can then move on to the next step of the process. An example of a “batch” process would be brewing beer. • Discrete Manufacturing • The manufacturing of individual components, parts and/or sub assemblies that can or are assembled to create a product.
- 10. Standards are in Place • The International Society of Automation (ISA) has created standards in conjunction with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI): • ANSI/ISA 5.1 Instrumentation Symbols and ID • ANSI/ISA 5.3 Graphic symbols for DCS, Logic • ANSI/ISA 5.4 Loop diagrams • ANSI/ISA 5.5 Process displays Go to the ISA web site The graphic shows the cover of the 1992 revision. A new revision has been released in 2009. All material in this course will be from the 2009 standard.
- 11. What’s in the Standard? • Scope • How the standard applies • Drawing samples • Rich Annex ansi-isa-5-140120141438-phpapp01.pdf
- 12. What’s in the Standard? • Scope • How the standard applies • Drawing samples • Rich Annex ansi-isa-5-140120141438-phpapp01.pdf
- 13. What’s in the Standard? • Scope • How the standard applies • Drawing samples • Rich Annex ansi-isa-5-140120141438-phpapp01.pdf
- 14. Summary • Symbols and identifiers are tools for communications • The communication tool serves a variety of technical workers • Know what is to be communicated and adjust the amount of detail accordingly • Use the correct standard • Along with symbols, a few, well chosen words should not be ignored
Editor's Notes
- Review the ISA definition of “Instrument” and “Instrumentation”.
- Review the ISA definition of “Instrument” and “Instrumentation”.
- If you looked ahead in your textbook and thought, “What did I get myself into?” Smile!!! P&ID is not an exact science. The International Society of Automation (ISA) has a standard for symbols; however, there is no standard for putting them together to form a drawing.
- The list on this slide is not complete. Some of these job categories might need different types and styles of documentation. It is good to group them into categories of professions that can use the same type of drawing.
- Explain how symbols are/will used to represent devices. Explain how lines and line types are/will be used to represent electrical/pneumatic/etc. signals Explain what is meant by “audience”
- Talk about why symbols and graphical representations are used and why these symbols and graphics should not be changed when going from one type of document to another.
- Review why instrument techs must understand how to read the various documents such as: P&ID Loop diagrams Logic diagrams Engineering flow diagrams
- Review the definitions of “Continuous”, “Batch” and “Discrete Manufacturing”.
- Review the basic standards available from the ISA. Take them to the ISA web site and show them the standards that are available. The cover shown is for the ANSI/ISA-5.1-1984 (R 1992); however, all material in this course will come from the ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 Standard.
- Talk about what is in the standard. The ANSI/ISA 5.1 standard will be available to the students through the LMS.
- Talk about what is in the standard.
- Talk about what is in the standard. The 2009 standard does not have an index; however, it does have a Annex (appendix) that is rich (full of information).