The document describes various arithmetic functions and instructions used in industrial processes, including move, add, subtract, multiply, and divide operations with examples for each. It illustrates how to control machines, monitor temperatures, and count production metrics using ladder diagrams and logic instructions. Key elements include conditions for executing commands and handling integer value limits in automation tasks.

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ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS
Move Instructions
It copies the value of the source register in the destination register. The destination
register's previous value is replaced by the value from the source register.
The instruction is executed if I0.0 is "1". The content of MW10 is copied to data word
DBW 12 of the currently open DB (Data Block). Q4.0 is "1" if the instruction is executed.
EX 1: Lathe Machine
The MOVE instruction can be used to preset a counter. For example, if a machine
produces 5 mH inductor, a lathe makes 400 revolutions to wind the coil. If the machine
makes 10 mH coil, it must make 800 revolution before stopping. The ladder below
shows how to change the preset value for each different inductor. When the 5 (10 ) mH
inductor reaches the lathe a sensor closes IN1 (IN2)

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EX 2: Selecting motor duration
The parts in a production line have two sizes, as in the above task. When a large piece
comes under the drill machine, a large hole has to be drilled (corresponding to 10 s),
For a small piece, 5 seconds is enough to drill a hole. Design and test a ladder diagram
to achieve this.

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EX 3: Temperature monitor
In an industrial process it is required to keep the temperature between 120 and 570 o
C.
If the temperature is within the range, a green lamp is on. Otherwise a red is on. For this
try the following ladder
Network 1:
A Temperature sensor provides the actual temperature as 150 o
C. Move it to the
memory word address MW1
150 MW1
Figure 6.
Network 2
Compare the value in MW1 with the allowed temperature range.
M0.0
( )
MW1 MW1
120 570
Figure 7.
Network 3
Q125.0 = green lamp.
Network 4
Q125.1 = red lamp.
MOVE
IN OUT
CMP>1
IN1
IN2 OUT
CMP<1
IN1
IN2 OUT

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Mathematical Instructions
ADD_I Add Integer
ADD_I (Add Integer) is activated by a logic "1" at the Enable (EN) Input. IN1 and IN2 are
added and the result can be scanned at OUT. If the result is outside the permissible
range for an integer (16-bit), the OV bit and OS bit will be "1" and ENO is logic "0", so
that other functions after this math box which are connected by the ENO (cascade
arrangement) are not executed.
The ADD_I box is activated if I0.0 = "1". The result of the addition MW0 + MW2 is output
to MW10. If the result was outside the permissible range for an integer, the output Q4.0
is set.
EX 1: Counting circuit for two conveyors
Figure below shows two conveyors used in a manufacturing process. Each photo
detectors counts the work pieces as they pass by. Obtain the total count from the two
conveyors
Pulses
Conveyor 1
Light source (IN1)
Conveyor 2
(IN2)
The ladder logic below achieves the control objectives required
PLC

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SUB_I Subtract Integer
SUB_I (Subtract Integer) is activated by a logic "1" at the Enable (EN) Input. IN2 is
subtracted from IN1 and the result can be scanned at OUT. If the result is outside the
permissible range for an integer (16-bit), the OV bit and OS bit will be "1" and ENO is
logic "0", so that other functions after this math box which are connected by the ENO
(cascade arrangement) are not executed.

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The SUB_I box is activated if I0.0 = "1". The result of the subtraction MW0 - MW2 is
output to MW10. If the result was outside the permissible range for an integer or the
signal state of I0.0 = 0, the output Q4.0 is set.
Ex 2: Counting sound parts
Figure below shows a main conveyor with a diverter gate for defective parts. Write a
program using subtraction function that determine the number of parts that passed
inspection
Reject coveyor
Reject counter
Main -
Conveyor
Main counter Diverter
Figure 14.

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MUL_I Multiply Integer
MUL_I (Multiply Integer) is activated by a logic "1" at the Enable (EN) Input. IN1 and IN2
are multiplied and the result can be scanned at OUT. If the result is outside the
permissible range for an integer (16-bit), the OV bit and OS bit will be "1" and ENO is
logic "0", so that other functions after this math box which are connected by the ENO
(cascade arrangement) are not executed.
The MUL_I box is activated if I0.0 = "1". The result of the multiplication MW0 x MW2 is
output to MW10. If the result was outside the permissible range for an integer, the
output Q4.0 is set.
Ex 3: Total plant bottle count
Figure below shows a conveyor transporting cartons (counted with a counter). Each
carton has 12 bottles. Develop a ladder diagram to find the total plant bottle production.
Counter

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Ex 4: Power Generation Monitoring
If the power generated does not exceed the max limit of 200/3 = 66.7 MW/phase, a
green lamp is on, and otherwise a red lamp is on. Calculate the active power
 cos..IVP , the angle in radians, where ,36.63/11 KVV  ,10KAI  .1.0 rad
Complete the ladder below.
________________________________
DIV_I Divide Integer
DIV_I (Divide Integer) is activated by a logic "1" at the Enable (EN) Input. IN1 is divided
by IN2 and the result can be scanned at OUT. If the result is outside the permissible
range for an integer (16-bit), the OV bit and OS bit is "1" and ENO is logic "0", so that
other functions after this math box which are connected by ENO (cascade arrangement)
are not executed.
The DIV_I box is activated if I0.0 = "1". The result of the division MW0 by MW2 is output
to MW10. If the result was outside the permissible range for an integer, the output Q4.0
is set.

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Ex 5: Total plant carton count
Similar to task 4 however the number of bottles is counted (using a counter).Develop a
ladder diagram to count the number of cartons (each having 6 bottles).