This document summarizes different flow measurement devices including venturi meters, orifice meters, notches, weirs, and pitot tubes. It describes the basic components and working principles of each device. Venturi meters and orifice meters both work on the principle of measuring pressure differences to determine flow rate, but venturi meters maintain a constant jet area while orifice meters have a variable jet area. Notches and weirs are used to measure discharge rates from tanks or channels by measuring increases in fluid depth. Pitot tubes directly measure flow velocity by determining stagnation pressure.
PLEASE NOTE THIS IS PART-1
By Referring or said Learning This Presentation You Can Clear Your Basics Fundamental Doubts about Fluid Mechanics. In this Presentation You Will Learn about Fluid Pressure, Pressure at Point, Pascal's Law, Types Of Pressure and Pressure Measurements.
measurement of the flow of fluid by the venturimeter and the pitot tube and ...AshishBhadani4
the presentation upon the measurement of the flow of fluid by the venturimeter and the pitot tube and pipe orifice . also include the type of the pitote tube . this instrument is used to measure the flow rate of the flow of fluid.
This ppt is more useful for Civil Engineering students.
I have prepared this ppt during my college days as a part of semester evaluation . Hope this will help to current civil students for their ppt presentations and in many more activities as a part of their semester assessments.
I have prepared this ppt as per the syllabus concerned in the particular topic of the subject, so one can directly use it just by editing their names.
PLEASE NOTE THIS IS PART-1
By Referring or said Learning This Presentation You Can Clear Your Basics Fundamental Doubts about Fluid Mechanics. In this Presentation You Will Learn about Fluid Pressure, Pressure at Point, Pascal's Law, Types Of Pressure and Pressure Measurements.
measurement of the flow of fluid by the venturimeter and the pitot tube and ...AshishBhadani4
the presentation upon the measurement of the flow of fluid by the venturimeter and the pitot tube and pipe orifice . also include the type of the pitote tube . this instrument is used to measure the flow rate of the flow of fluid.
This ppt is more useful for Civil Engineering students.
I have prepared this ppt during my college days as a part of semester evaluation . Hope this will help to current civil students for their ppt presentations and in many more activities as a part of their semester assessments.
I have prepared this ppt as per the syllabus concerned in the particular topic of the subject, so one can directly use it just by editing their names.
History of Venturi meter, Introduction, Construction, Working Principle, Types of Venturi meter, Limitations & Precautions
, Characteristics of Venturi-meter, Applications of Venturi-meter
, Advantages & Disadvantages.
Overview:
Clemens Herschel (March 23, 1842 – March 1, 1930) was an American hydraulic engineer. He is best known for developing the Venturi-meter, which was the first large-scale, accurate device for measuring water flow.
A Venturi-meter is a device used for measuring the rate of flow of a fluid flowing through a pipe.
It is used to calculate the velocity of fluids running through a pipeline.
The fluid may be a liquid or a gas.
By reducing the cross-section area of flow passage, a pressure difference is created and the measurement of pressure difference enables the determination of discharge through pipe.
VENTURIMETER -Application of Bernoulli's LawKundan Kumar
A venturimeter is essentially a short pipe consisting of two conical parts with a short portion of uniform cross-section in between. This short portion has the minimum area and is known as the throat. The two conical portions have the same base diameter, but one is having a shorter length with a larger cone angle while the other is having a larger length with a smaller cone angle.
Minor losses are a major part in calculating the flow, pressure, or energy reduction in piping systems. Liquid moving through pipes carries momentum and energy due to the forces acting upon it such as pressure and gravity. Just as certain aspects of the system can increase the fluids energy, there are components of the system that act against the fluid and reduce its energy, velocity, or momentum. Friction and minor losses in pipes are major contributing factors.
History of Venturi meter, Introduction, Construction, Working Principle, Types of Venturi meter, Limitations & Precautions
, Characteristics of Venturi-meter, Applications of Venturi-meter
, Advantages & Disadvantages.
Overview:
Clemens Herschel (March 23, 1842 – March 1, 1930) was an American hydraulic engineer. He is best known for developing the Venturi-meter, which was the first large-scale, accurate device for measuring water flow.
A Venturi-meter is a device used for measuring the rate of flow of a fluid flowing through a pipe.
It is used to calculate the velocity of fluids running through a pipeline.
The fluid may be a liquid or a gas.
By reducing the cross-section area of flow passage, a pressure difference is created and the measurement of pressure difference enables the determination of discharge through pipe.
VENTURIMETER -Application of Bernoulli's LawKundan Kumar
A venturimeter is essentially a short pipe consisting of two conical parts with a short portion of uniform cross-section in between. This short portion has the minimum area and is known as the throat. The two conical portions have the same base diameter, but one is having a shorter length with a larger cone angle while the other is having a larger length with a smaller cone angle.
Minor losses are a major part in calculating the flow, pressure, or energy reduction in piping systems. Liquid moving through pipes carries momentum and energy due to the forces acting upon it such as pressure and gravity. Just as certain aspects of the system can increase the fluids energy, there are components of the system that act against the fluid and reduce its energy, velocity, or momentum. Friction and minor losses in pipes are major contributing factors.
A fluid is a state of matter in which its molecules move freely and do not bear a constant relationship in space to other molecules.
In physics, fluid flow has all kinds of aspects: steady or unsteady, compressible or incompressible, viscous or non-viscous, and rotational or irrotational to name a few. Some of these characteristics reflect properties of the liquid itself, and others focus on how the fluid is moving.
Fluids are :-
Liquid : blood, i.v. infusions)
Gas : O2 , N2O)
Vapour (transition from liquid to gas) : N2O (under compression in cylinder), volatile inhalational agents (halothane, isoflurane, etc)
Sublimate (transition from solid to gas bypassing liquid state) : Dry ice (solid CO2), iodine
Basic Industrial Instruments Used for Flow measurnment.
Working , Construction and diagrams with detailed explanations.
Major type of Instruments are listed.
What is Orifice Plate
Coefficient of discharge
Principle Of Orifice Meter
Working of Orifice Meter
Operation Of Orifice Meter
Specification Of Orifice Meter
Application Of Orifice Meter
Advantages Of Orifice Meter
Limitations of Orifice Meter
Importance and Practical application of Fluid Mechanics sessionalEmranHossainEmon1
This slide is about a brief discussion about the following experiments of fluid mechanics sessional course-
01. Centre of Pressure,
02. Bernoulli’s Theorem,
03. Flow-through Venturimeter,
04. Flow-through Orifice,
05. Flow-through Mouthpiece,
06. Flow over V-notch,
07. Flow over a sharp-crested rectangular weir.
We discussed the importance and practical application of those experiments .
Credit: Google
it speaks about the differential head flow meters. its different types. their principle of operation, venturi meter, orifice plate, rotameters, it also covers discussion on open channel flow meter. it covers the different application domains of the different types of flow meters and their advantages and disadvantages.
What is a vinturi meter Venturi meter device used for measuring the rate of flow of a fluid flowing through a pipe.
It consist of three parts,
Converging part
Throat
Diverging part
Self control of synchronous motor drives
Phase-Controlled Cycloconverters
Synchronous Motor Drive
Self controlled sync. Motor drive using a cycloconverter
Owen’s bridge and measurement of increment inductancevishalgohel12195
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Effect On Induced Voltage.
Measurements Of Incremental Inductance
Diagram Of Increment Inductance.
Description Of Ø-i Magnetizing Curve
Initial and final condition for circuit
Explain the transient response of a RC circuit
As the capacitor stores energy when there is:
a transition in a unit step function source, u(t-to)
or a voltage or current source is switched into the circuit.
Explain the transient response of a RL circuit
As the inductor stores energy when there is:
a transition in a unit step function source, u(t-to)
or a voltage or current source is switched into the circuit.
RC Circuit
RL Circuit
FSK , FM DEMODULATOR & VOLTAGE REGULATOR ICS
Application of PLL in FSK & FM demodulation three terminal regulator ics.
Adjustable output voltage regulator LM 317, LM 337 & LM 340 series power supply ics.
Basic design considerations for designed regulated power supply
Concept of general terms pertaining to rotating machinesvishalgohel12195
Concept of general terms pertaining to rotating machines
Physical concept of force and torque production.
Concept of general terms pertaining to rotating machines.
Generated emf in full pitched and short pitched winding.
Transfer Function and Mathematical Modeling
Transfer Function
Poles And Zeros of a Transfer Function
Properties of Transfer Function
Advantages and Disadvantages of T.F.
Translation motion
Rotational motion
Translation-Rotation counterparts
Analogy system
Force-Voltage analogy
Force-Current Analogy
Advantages
Example
Winding
What is Armature winding?
Terms related to armature winding.
Single layer and double layer windings.
Comparison between closed and open windings.
Types of DC armature winding.
Types of AC armature winding.
Protection against overvoltage
overvoltage
causes of overvoltage
lightning
types of lightning strokes
harmful effect of lightning
protection against lightning
On load tap changer in a.c. locomotive transformer & air blast circuit b...vishalgohel12195
On load tap changer In A.C. locomotive transformer & Air blast circuit breaker
Introduction
Block diagram of A.C. Locomotive
Equipment of locomotive & their function
Advantages
Disadvantages
Logical instruction of 8085
Instruction Set of 8085
Classification of Instruction Set
Logical Instructions
AND, OR, XOR
Logical Instructions
Summary Logical Group
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Effect of Non sinusoidal waveform of A.C. Machine performance
Nonsinusoidal Waveforms
Key Similarities and Differences between Sinusoidal and Nonsinusoidal Waveforms
Effect of harmonics in motor drives
Square wave inverter with 180° mode
Effect of leakage reactance on the harmonic content of current
Parasitic torques due to non-sinusoidal voltages
Disadvantages of corona, radio interference, inductive interference between p...vishalgohel12195
Disadvantages of corona, radio interference, inductive interference between power and communication lines
Introduction
Disadvantages of corona.
Radio interference.
Inductive interference between power and communication lines
Design, Planning and Layout of high voltage laboratory vishalgohel12195
Design, Planning and Layout of high voltage laboratory
Test equipment provided in high voltage lab
Activity and study in high voltage lab
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Safety
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
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Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
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Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
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using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
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Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
3. Working
It consist of a short converging conical tube which
has a total included angle of 21 ± 1° leading to a
cylindrical portion of short length, known as throat.
It s followed by diverging section known as diffuser
having total included angel 5°to 7°.
The pressure difference measure between the entry
section 1 and the throat section 2, usually by means
of a U-tube manometer.
The axis of venturimeter may be horizontal or
inclined or vertical.
Area of flow in divergent section is increased
gradually to avoid separation of flow and reduce
friction losses.
4. The value of coefficient of discharge varies from 0.95
to 0.99.
Disadvantages of Venturi meter:
Highly expensive
Occupies considerable space
Cannot be altered for measuring pressure
beyond a maximum velocity.
5. Orifice meter
• It may be installed in pipeline with a
minimum of trouble and expense
6. Working
Orifice meter is device used to determine the rate of
flow through pipe.
It consist of flat circular plate which has a sharp
edged circular hole called orifice.
It is fixed concentric to pipe.
The orifice diameter is generally kept half of the
diameter of the pipe.
It is based on the same principle as explained in
venturimeter.
The value of Cd varies between 0.60 to 0.65.
It is a economical and less space is requred for
fitting.
7. Difference between an Orifice
meter and Venturimeter
• For venturi tube, there is no contraction-
– Area of the jet is always equal to the area of the throat
and is fixed
While for the orifice the area of the jet is a variable
(less than Ao, the area of the orifice)
• For venturitube
Cd = Cv (Cc=1.0)
While for the orifice, it is much more affected by
variations in Cc than it is by variations in Cv
8. Notches
A notches is defined as an opening in the side of a
vessel or tank in such a manner that the liquid
surface in the tank.
A notch is generally made of metallic plate.
It is used for measuring the discharge rate of a liquid
from a small channel or tank.
9. Weir
A weir is basically an obstruction in the flow path in an open
channel.
The weir will cause an increase in the water depth as the
water flows over the weir.
In general, the greater the flow rate, the greater will be the
increase in depth of flow, The height of water above the top of
the weir is the measurement usually used to correlate with
flow rate.
10. Pitot tube
A pitot tube is a simple device used for meausuring
the velocity of a flow at the required point in a pipe or
steam.
It is also called as impact tube or stagnation tube.
11. Operation
• The basic pitot tube consists of a tube pointing
directly into the fluid flow. As this tube contains
fluid, a pressure can be measured; the moving
fluid is brought to rest (stagnates) as there is no
outlet to allow flow to continue.
• This pressure is the stagnation pressure of the
fluid, also known as the total pressure or
(particularly in aviation) the pitot pressure.
• The measured stagnation pressure cannot itself be
used to determine the fluid flow velocity (airspeed
in aviation). However, Beronulli’s equation states:
• Stagnation pressure =
static pressure + dynamic pressure