The document provides a detailed overview of a venturi meter, a device used to measure the flow rate of fluids in pipes, consisting of three main parts: a converging section, a throat, and a diverging section. It discusses the working principle based on Bernoulli's and the continuity equations, types of venturimeters, as well as applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Additionally, it includes information on the construction, operation, and calculations for measuring flow, using a manometer for pressure differential measurements.

1. VENTURI METER
PREPARED BY: GROUP NO 6
1
Name Reg #
Sajjad Sabir 32
Zeeshan Ahmad 30
Imtiaz Ali 34
Tanzil-ur-Rehman 35
Prepared To:
Dr, M. Mubashir Qurashi
HOD Civil Department

2. 2
DEFINITION & MAIN PARTS
Venturimeter device used for
measuring the rate of flow of a fluid
flowing through a pipe.
It consist of three parts,
•Converging part
•Throat
•Diverging part

3. 3

4. 4
WORKING PRINCIPLE
Venturi meter works under the principle of Bernoulli's
equation and Continuity equation.

5. 5
•Bernaulli’s Equation PV = a constant
•Continuity Equation ρ1A1V1 = ρ2A2V2
Where, P Pressure
V Velocity
ρ1 Density of converging fluid
ρ2 Density of throat fluid
A1 Pipe area
A2 Throat area
V1 Velocity of converging fluid
V2 Velocity of throat

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TYPES OF VENTURIMETER
•Horizontal venturimeter

7. 7
•Inclined venturimeter •Vertical venturimeter

8. 8
SOME ASSUMPTIONS TAKEN
Incompressible fluids
Frictionless inner surfaces
Steady and irrotational flow

9. 9
EXPRESSION FOR RATE OF FLOW
•A(m1,ρ1,p1,v1)
•B(m2,ρ2,p2,v2
)
Z1
Z2
Datum
At pt:-A
P.E = g.z1
V.E = ½ v1
2
Pre.E = P1/ρ
At pt:-B
P.E = g.z2
V.E = ½ v2
2
Pre.E = P2/ρ

10. 10
g(Z1-Z2)+1/2(V12+V22)=(P2-P1)/ρ
Energy equation (horizontal arrangement)
If Z1=Z2
½(v12-v22)= (P2-P1)/ρ ----- (1)
As per law at continuity
A1V1=A2V2 (since density is constant)
V1=(A2/A1)V2 & V2=(A1/A2)V1
Sub V1 value in (1)
½[(A2/A1)*V22-V22]=∆P/ρ
V22=(A1
2/A2
2-A1
2) * 2∆P/ρ

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Q2=A2.V2= A1.A2 * √2∆P/ρ
(√A22-A12)
Q α √2∆P
Q2=M.√(2∆Pg)/ωTheoretical--
Original-- Q2=CdE M√(2∆P)/ρ
M- velocity approach factor
Q-over all volumetric flow rate
Cd-coefficient of discharge
E- thermal expansion factor

12. 12
Q2=Cd . E . M . A2 √2g{hm[(wm/w )-1]-(Zx-Zy)}
Q2=Cd.E.M.A2√2g {hm(sg-1)-(Zx-Zy)}
Q2 in terms of specific weight
Q2 in terms of specific gravity

13. 13
VENTURI METER V/S FLOW
When a venturimeter is placed in a pipe carrying the fluid whose
flow rate is to be measured, a pressure drop occurs between the
entrance and throat of the venturimeter. This pressure drop is
measured using a differential pressure sensor and when
calibrated this pressure drop becomes a measure of flow rate.

14. 14
CONSTRUCTION
The entry of the venture is cylindrical in shape to match the size of
the pipe through which fluid flows. This enables the venture to be
fitted to the pipe.
After the entry, there is a converging conical section with an
included angle of 19’ to 23’.
Following the converging section, there is a cylindrical section
with minimum area called as the throat.
After the throat, there is a diverging conical section with an
included angle of 5’ to 15’.
Openings are provided at the entry and throat of the venturi meter
for attaching a differential pressure sensor.

15. 15
MANOMETER
The differential pressure sensor used here is
Manometer.
Manometer is a device to measure pressure.
A common simple manometer consists of
a U shaped tube of glass filled with some liquid.
Manometers measure a pressure difference by
balancing the weight of a fluid column between
the two pressures of interest. Large pressure
differences are measured with heavy fluids, such
as mercury (high density).
Small pressure differences, such as those
experienced in experimental wind tunnels
or venturi flowmeters are measured by lighter
fluids such as water .

16. 16

17. 17
OPERATION
The fluid whose flow rate is to be measured enters the entry
section of the venturi meter with a pressure P1.
As the fluid flows into the converging section, its pressure
keeps on reducing and attains a minimum value P2 when it
enters the throat. That is, in the throat, the fluid pressure P2
will be minimum.

18. 18
The Manometer attached between the entry and throat section of
the venturi meter records the pressure difference(P1-P2) which
becomes an indication of the flow rate of the fluid through the
pipe when calibrated.
The diverging section has been provided to enable the fluid to
regain its pressure and hence its kinetic energy. Lesser the angle
of the diverging section, greater is the recovery.

19. 19
•P1
•High
angle
convergin
g
•p2
•P1-p2
throat
• P ses
• Less
angle
divergin
g

20. 20
SAMPLE PROBLEM
A horizontal venture meter with 15 cm inlet . 7.5 cm throat is
used for measurement of flow of water .The differential pressure
between inlet and throat is 17.5 cm, when measured using U-
TUBE manometer. Make the calculations for the water flow rate
where Cd for venturi is 0.97. Specific gravity =13.6.
Q2= Cd . E . M . A2 √2g{ hm [(ρm/ρ )-1]}
M=A1/√A12-A22
A1=π*d2/4=π*152/4=176.71 ,
A2=π*d2/4=π*7.52/4=44.178
M= 1.03
Q2=0.97
* 1
* 1.03
*44.178√2
*9.8
*17.5(13.6-1)
=0.02901 m3/sec
Sol
:

21. 21
PRESSURE IN PIPELINE

22. 22
APPLICATIONS
1
• used where high pressure recovery is
required.
2
• measuring flow rates of water, gases,
suspended solids, slurries and dirty liquids.
3
• measure high flow rates in pipes having
diameters in a few meters.

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ADVANTAGES
1
• Less chances of getting clogged with
sediments.
2
• Coefficient of discharge is high.
3
• Its behavior can be predicted perfectly.
4
• Can be installed vertically, horizontally or
inclined.

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DISADVANTAGES
1
•Highly expensive
2
•Occupies considerable space
3
•Cannot be altered for measuring
pressure beyond a maximum velocity

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THANK YOU