Weir notches
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
4 likes•915 views
This document describes a measurement project to determine flow rates using different shaped and angled weirs and notches. The project uses a basic model of a tank and pipes to release water samples through notches of varying shapes. Flow rates are then measured and compared for different notch configurations. The goal is to understand how notch shape impacts flow rate, which has applications in estimating floods and controlling water distribution for various purposes. Flow measurements will be taken for water released through notches over set periods of time.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Types orifice and mouthpiece
This document discusses types of orifices used for fluid flow measurement. Orifices can be classified based on their shape (circular, triangular, etc.), size (small or large), edge shape (sharp or bell-mouthed), and whether the flow is submerged or free-flowing. Orifice meters consist of a flat plate with a circular hole and are used to measure flow rates in pipes. They offer little pressure drop but require straight pipe runs and full pipeline filling to maintain accuracy. Mouthpieces are also used for flow measurement and can be internal or external, and classified based on their shape (cylindrical, convergent, convergent-divergent) and whether the flow exits fully or
Measurement of discharge in channels & Design of lined canal
This document discusses various methods for measuring discharge in channels and designing lined canals. It describes selecting sites for discharge observations and factors to consider like straight reaches and stable sections. Common discharge measurement methods are outlined, including the area-velocity method, weir method, chemical method, and Venturi flume method. The area-velocity method involves dividing the cross-section into parts, measuring the area and velocity of each, and calculating total discharge. Other detailed methods covered are surface floats, velocity rods, current meters, and Cippoletti weirs.
ORIFICES AND MOUTHPIECES
This document discusses orifices and mouthpieces used for measuring fluid flow rates. It defines an orifice as a small opening through which fluid can flow, and notes they are classified based on size, shape, edge shape, and whether submerged or not. Mouthpieces are short pipe sections used to measure flow, and are classified by position, shape, and whether the jet fills or runs free after contraction. The document also defines hydraulic coefficients - the coefficient of velocity, contraction, and discharge - which are ratios used to characterize actual versus theoretical flow properties.
Orifice and mouthpieces
This document discusses hydraulic structures such as orifices and mouthpieces. It begins by classifying hydraulic structures based on their functions and then defines an orifice as an opening in a barrier through which water discharges under pressure. Orifices can be circular, rectangular, triangular, or other shapes. The document discusses flow equations for small orifices, large orifices, and provides examples of calculating flow through each. It also covers using a mouthpiece, coefficient of discharge, and calculating the time it takes to empty a tank through an orifice.
Flow through Mouthpieces
Different types of mouthpieces, their classifications, and the concept related equations and formulas
Stage measurement
1. Stage measurement involves using staff gauges, wire gauges, and automatic recorders like float gauges and bubble gauges to measure the water surface elevation in a river over time.
2. Staff gauges involve a fixed graduated staff while wire gauges lower a weighted wire from above the water surface. Float gauges use a float and pulley system connected to a recorder while bubble gauges measure pressure from gas bled into the river.
3. Automatic recorders provide continuous measurements of stage over time in a stage hydrograph, which is important for estimating design floods and historical flood discharges.
Diversion head works
The document provides information on diversion head works and their components. It can be summarized as:
1) Diversion head works are structures constructed at the head of a canal to divert river water into the canal and ensure a regulated supply of silt-free water with a minimum head.
2) Key components of diversion head works include under sluices, divide walls, fish ladders, silt exclusion devices, guide banks, and head regulators. Under sluices control silt entry and water levels. Divide walls separate flows. Fish ladders allow fish passage.
3) Site selection factors for diversion head works include suitable foundations, positioning the weir at a right angle to river flow, space for
Spillways
Topics:
1. Types of Spillways
2. Design Principles of Ogee Spillway
3. Spillway Gates
4. Energy Dissipaters
5. Significance of Jump Height Curve & Tail Water Curve
6. Stilling Basins
Recommended
Types orifice and mouthpiece
This document discusses types of orifices used for fluid flow measurement. Orifices can be classified based on their shape (circular, triangular, etc.), size (small or large), edge shape (sharp or bell-mouthed), and whether the flow is submerged or free-flowing. Orifice meters consist of a flat plate with a circular hole and are used to measure flow rates in pipes. They offer little pressure drop but require straight pipe runs and full pipeline filling to maintain accuracy. Mouthpieces are also used for flow measurement and can be internal or external, and classified based on their shape (cylindrical, convergent, convergent-divergent) and whether the flow exits fully or
Measurement of discharge in channels & Design of lined canal
This document discusses various methods for measuring discharge in channels and designing lined canals. It describes selecting sites for discharge observations and factors to consider like straight reaches and stable sections. Common discharge measurement methods are outlined, including the area-velocity method, weir method, chemical method, and Venturi flume method. The area-velocity method involves dividing the cross-section into parts, measuring the area and velocity of each, and calculating total discharge. Other detailed methods covered are surface floats, velocity rods, current meters, and Cippoletti weirs.
ORIFICES AND MOUTHPIECES
This document discusses orifices and mouthpieces used for measuring fluid flow rates. It defines an orifice as a small opening through which fluid can flow, and notes they are classified based on size, shape, edge shape, and whether submerged or not. Mouthpieces are short pipe sections used to measure flow, and are classified by position, shape, and whether the jet fills or runs free after contraction. The document also defines hydraulic coefficients - the coefficient of velocity, contraction, and discharge - which are ratios used to characterize actual versus theoretical flow properties.
Orifice and mouthpieces
This document discusses hydraulic structures such as orifices and mouthpieces. It begins by classifying hydraulic structures based on their functions and then defines an orifice as an opening in a barrier through which water discharges under pressure. Orifices can be circular, rectangular, triangular, or other shapes. The document discusses flow equations for small orifices, large orifices, and provides examples of calculating flow through each. It also covers using a mouthpiece, coefficient of discharge, and calculating the time it takes to empty a tank through an orifice.
Flow through Mouthpieces
Different types of mouthpieces, their classifications, and the concept related equations and formulas
Stage measurement
1. Stage measurement involves using staff gauges, wire gauges, and automatic recorders like float gauges and bubble gauges to measure the water surface elevation in a river over time.
2. Staff gauges involve a fixed graduated staff while wire gauges lower a weighted wire from above the water surface. Float gauges use a float and pulley system connected to a recorder while bubble gauges measure pressure from gas bled into the river.
3. Automatic recorders provide continuous measurements of stage over time in a stage hydrograph, which is important for estimating design floods and historical flood discharges.
Diversion head works
The document provides information on diversion head works and their components. It can be summarized as:
1) Diversion head works are structures constructed at the head of a canal to divert river water into the canal and ensure a regulated supply of silt-free water with a minimum head.
2) Key components of diversion head works include under sluices, divide walls, fish ladders, silt exclusion devices, guide banks, and head regulators. Under sluices control silt entry and water levels. Divide walls separate flows. Fish ladders allow fish passage.
3) Site selection factors for diversion head works include suitable foundations, positioning the weir at a right angle to river flow, space for
Spillways
Topics:
1. Types of Spillways
2. Design Principles of Ogee Spillway
3. Spillway Gates
4. Energy Dissipaters
5. Significance of Jump Height Curve & Tail Water Curve
6. Stilling Basins
guide banks.pptx
Guide banks are constructed alongside rivers to direct floodwater flow through a defined waterway when structures like bridges are built. They extend upstream and downstream of structures. Guide banks have curved upstream and downstream heads connected by a straight shank. Their design considers the length of the clear waterway, length of the guide banks, radius of curved heads, cross-section, slope protection with stone pitching, and a launching apron to protect the slope from scouring. Formulas are provided to calculate parameters like stone pitching thickness, scour depth, and quantity of stone required for the apron based on the river's maximum discharge.
Chapter 8 hydraulic jump
The document discusses hydraulic jumps, which occur when flow transitions from supercritical to subcritical. A hydraulic jump is characterized by an abrupt rise in water surface with turbulence and eddies, dissipating energy.
The document classifies hydraulic jumps based on Froude number and tailwater depth. It describes free jumps where tailwater depth equals sequent depth, repelled jumps where tailwater is lower, and submerged jumps where tailwater is higher.
Equations are presented for calculating conjugate depths of flow before and after the jump based on upstream depth, velocity and specific force. Energy loss in jumps is also examined.
Diversion headworks
Diversion headworks are structures constructed across rivers to raise water levels and divert water into canals. They have several purposes, including increasing the commanded area, regulating water supply to canals, and controlling silt entry. There are two types - temporary and permanent. Key components include weirs/barrages, under sluices, divide walls, fish ladders, and head regulators. The optimal location depends on the river's characteristics, balancing factors like water availability, construction costs, and proximity to agricultural land.
Design of stilling basin and roughness devices
This document discusses the design of stilling basins and roughness devices used in hydraulic structures. It describes different types of stilling basins, including hydraulic jump basins with horizontal and sloping aprons. It provides details on classifying and designing these basins, such as determining floor elevation, basin length, and appurtenances. The document also outlines various roughness devices like baffle walls, staggered friction blocks, dentated sills, and ribbed pitching that are used to dissipate excess energy.
Constant head
The document discusses the constant head permeability test method for determining the permeability (hydraulic conductivity) of soils in the laboratory. It defines permeability and the factors that influence it. It describes Darcy's Law and the equation used to calculate permeability from measured values. The purpose and significance of measuring permeability is explained. The test method, apparatus, procedure, calculations, analysis and results are outlined.
Canal Syphon.pptx
A canal syphon is a structure where the canal passes below a drainage point. Water flows through the canal using syphonic action, where there is no atmospheric pressure in the canal. It functions in the reverse way of a syphon aqueduct. Canal syphons are less preferable than super passages because any deposited minerals or sediment in the canal water are difficult to remove, since the canal is depressed below the drainage point. The structure includes a ramped floor to initiate the syphonic water flow under the drainage.
Reservior planning
This document provides an overview of reservoir planning and surveys. It discusses the different types of reservoirs and surveys conducted in reservoir planning, including reconnaissance, preliminary, and detailed surveys. Key steps in reservoir planning include engineering, hydrological, and geological surveys to identify suitable dam sites and storage capacity. Control levels like top bund level, high flood level, and full tank level are also discussed. Factors affecting silting and methods to control silting are outlined. The document provides details on various stages of reservoir planning and development.
Field control of compaction and compaction Equipment
This document discusses field compaction control and compaction equipment. It notes that field compaction depends on placement water content, compaction equipment type, and soil type. Placement water content should be within 2% of optimum moisture content from lab tests. Different soils require different moisture levels - cohesive soils are compacted dry of optimum while earth dam cores are compacted wet of optimum. Compaction can be measured using methods like core cutting or nuclear gauges. Common compaction equipment includes smooth drum rollers, pneumatic rubber-tired rollers, sheepfoot rollers, and vibratory rollers, each suited to different soil types. Relative compaction is used to check compaction levels in the field.
Open channel flow
This document discusses open channel flow and its various types. It defines open channel flow as flow with a free surface driven by gravity. It describes four main types of open channel flows:
1. Steady and unsteady flow
2. Uniform and non-uniform flow
3. Laminar and turbulent flow
4. Sub-critical, critical, and super-critical flow
It also discusses discharge equations for open channels including Chezy's formula, Manning's formula, and Bazin's formula. Finally, it covers specific energy, critical depth, and the hydraulic jump in open channel flow.
Centrifugal Pumps
This document discusses centrifugal pumps, including their basic principles, classification, components, and potential issues. Centrifugal pumps work by imparting a whirling motion to liquid using a rotating impeller with backward curved vanes, forcing the liquid to move from the center to the outer edge and discharge from the casing. Pumps can be classified based on the number of impellers, shaft disposition, or developed head. Cavitation, where bubbles form and implode inside pumps, can cause damage and should be avoided by ensuring the net positive suction head available exceeds the required level.
Flow Through Orifices - Hydraulics
Flow Through Orifices, Orifice, Types of Orifice according to Shape Size Edge Discharge, Jet, Venacontracta, Hydraulic Coefficients, Coefficient of Contraction,Coefficient of Velocity, Coefficient of Discharge, Coefficient of Resistance, Hydraulic Coefficients by Experimental Method, Discharge Through a Small rectangular orifice, Discharge Through a Large rectangular orifice, Discharge Through a Fully Drowned orifice, Discharge Through Partially Drowned orifice, Mouthpiece and its types. By Engr. M. Jalal Sarwar
Gravity dam
It contains detailed information about a Gravity Dam........it also conataims the information in brief & pictures giving a clear view of the Gravity Dams...........It also contains formulas with details of their terms.........
Gravity Dam
Topics:
1. Types of Gravity Dam
2. Forces Acting on a Gravity Dam
3. Causes of failure of Gravity Dam
4. Elementary Profile of Gravity Dam
5. Practical Profile of Gravity Dam
6. Limiting height of Gravity Dam
7. Drainage and Inspection Galleries
Classification of orifices
1.introduction
2.classification
3.classification upon size
4.classification upon c/s
5.classification upon upstream edge & nature of discharge
flow through open channel
This document presents an experiment on uniform flow through an open rectangular channel. The experiment is designed to investigate water flow through a rectangular channel with dimensions of 175mm height and 55mm width. Procedures are outlined for setting up the channel with a variable slope and measuring the flow rate, depth, and calculating other parameters like mean velocity, hydraulic radius, and Manning's roughness coefficient. Plots of mean velocity versus hydraulic radius and slope are used to determine the Manning's n value from the slope of the graph. [/SUMMARY]
energy dissipator in hydraulic structure
This document discusses energy dissipators, which are structures that reduce the kinetic energy of water flowing over spillways to prevent erosion. It describes two main types of energy dissipators - stilling basins and bucket dissipators. Stilling basins use either horizontal or sloping concrete aprons and hydraulic jumps to dissipate energy. Bucket dissipators include solid roller, slotted roller, and ski jump designs. The document explains how dissipator selection depends on the relationship between tailwater curve and flow depth. Appropriate dissipators maintain stable hydraulic jumps or direct flow into the air to safely dissipate kinetic energy for different tailwater conditions.
Resistance to flow
The document discusses various concepts related to fluid flow resistance including:
1. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow and deformation, with more viscous fluids like honey having greater resistance than water.
2. Laminar and turbulent flow occur at low and high Reynolds numbers respectively, with laminar flow being smooth and turbulent flow being chaotic.
3. Parameters like drag coefficient, Froude number, Chezy equation, and Manning equation can be used to express resistance to fluid flow.
4. The Darcy-Weisbach equation relates head loss due to friction along a pipe to average fluid velocity.
Gradually varied flow
The document discusses gradually varied flow in open channels. It defines gradually varied flow as flow where the depth changes gradually along the channel. It presents the assumptions and governing equations for gradually varied flow analysis. It also describes different types of water surface profiles that can occur, such as mild slope, steep slope, critical slope, and adverse slope profiles. The key methods for analyzing water surface profiles, including direct integration, graphical integration, and numerical integration are summarized.
Dam Engineering.pptx
This presentation thoroughly introduces hydraulic structures. Specifically, it explains different types of hydraulic structures, dams and reservoirs, parts of storage dams, classification of dams, storage calculations, different types of dams, characteristics of embankment dams, engineering activities for site investigation and construction of dams, site selection of dams, and foundation of dams and its treatment.
TYPES OF RESERVOIR
The document discusses different types of reservoirs and their purposes. It describes storage/conservation reservoirs which retain excess water supplies during high flows for gradual release during low flows. Flood control reservoirs store flood waters to minimize downstream flood peaks. Multipurpose reservoirs serve multiple functions like water supply, flood control, power generation, and irrigation. Distribution reservoirs supply water to consumers according to demand fluctuations and provide local storage in emergencies.
Weirs
A weir is a structure in an open channel that causes water to pool. As flow rate increases, the depth of water above the weir increases. Weirs are classified based on their crest shape as either sharp-crested or broad-crested. Common types of sharp-crested weirs include rectangular, V-notch, and trapezoidal weirs. Broad-crested weirs are robust structures that span the full channel width and are well-suited for measuring river discharge. Flow rate calculations using weirs can provide useful data for applications like flood control, hydroelectric projects, irrigation, and environmental studies.
Notches and weir
This document contains information about notches and weirs used to measure fluid discharge. It defines notches and weirs, describes common types of each including rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, and Cippoletti, and provides the key equations for calculating discharge over each type. The main difference between notches and weirs is that notches are openings in tank walls used to measure small discharges, while weirs are larger concrete structures built across rivers or canals to measure larger discharges.
More Related Content
What's hot
guide banks.pptx
Guide banks are constructed alongside rivers to direct floodwater flow through a defined waterway when structures like bridges are built. They extend upstream and downstream of structures. Guide banks have curved upstream and downstream heads connected by a straight shank. Their design considers the length of the clear waterway, length of the guide banks, radius of curved heads, cross-section, slope protection with stone pitching, and a launching apron to protect the slope from scouring. Formulas are provided to calculate parameters like stone pitching thickness, scour depth, and quantity of stone required for the apron based on the river's maximum discharge.
Chapter 8 hydraulic jump
The document discusses hydraulic jumps, which occur when flow transitions from supercritical to subcritical. A hydraulic jump is characterized by an abrupt rise in water surface with turbulence and eddies, dissipating energy.
The document classifies hydraulic jumps based on Froude number and tailwater depth. It describes free jumps where tailwater depth equals sequent depth, repelled jumps where tailwater is lower, and submerged jumps where tailwater is higher.
Equations are presented for calculating conjugate depths of flow before and after the jump based on upstream depth, velocity and specific force. Energy loss in jumps is also examined.
Diversion headworks
Diversion headworks are structures constructed across rivers to raise water levels and divert water into canals. They have several purposes, including increasing the commanded area, regulating water supply to canals, and controlling silt entry. There are two types - temporary and permanent. Key components include weirs/barrages, under sluices, divide walls, fish ladders, and head regulators. The optimal location depends on the river's characteristics, balancing factors like water availability, construction costs, and proximity to agricultural land.
Design of stilling basin and roughness devices
This document discusses the design of stilling basins and roughness devices used in hydraulic structures. It describes different types of stilling basins, including hydraulic jump basins with horizontal and sloping aprons. It provides details on classifying and designing these basins, such as determining floor elevation, basin length, and appurtenances. The document also outlines various roughness devices like baffle walls, staggered friction blocks, dentated sills, and ribbed pitching that are used to dissipate excess energy.
Constant head
The document discusses the constant head permeability test method for determining the permeability (hydraulic conductivity) of soils in the laboratory. It defines permeability and the factors that influence it. It describes Darcy's Law and the equation used to calculate permeability from measured values. The purpose and significance of measuring permeability is explained. The test method, apparatus, procedure, calculations, analysis and results are outlined.
Canal Syphon.pptx
A canal syphon is a structure where the canal passes below a drainage point. Water flows through the canal using syphonic action, where there is no atmospheric pressure in the canal. It functions in the reverse way of a syphon aqueduct. Canal syphons are less preferable than super passages because any deposited minerals or sediment in the canal water are difficult to remove, since the canal is depressed below the drainage point. The structure includes a ramped floor to initiate the syphonic water flow under the drainage.
Reservior planning
This document provides an overview of reservoir planning and surveys. It discusses the different types of reservoirs and surveys conducted in reservoir planning, including reconnaissance, preliminary, and detailed surveys. Key steps in reservoir planning include engineering, hydrological, and geological surveys to identify suitable dam sites and storage capacity. Control levels like top bund level, high flood level, and full tank level are also discussed. Factors affecting silting and methods to control silting are outlined. The document provides details on various stages of reservoir planning and development.
Field control of compaction and compaction Equipment
This document discusses field compaction control and compaction equipment. It notes that field compaction depends on placement water content, compaction equipment type, and soil type. Placement water content should be within 2% of optimum moisture content from lab tests. Different soils require different moisture levels - cohesive soils are compacted dry of optimum while earth dam cores are compacted wet of optimum. Compaction can be measured using methods like core cutting or nuclear gauges. Common compaction equipment includes smooth drum rollers, pneumatic rubber-tired rollers, sheepfoot rollers, and vibratory rollers, each suited to different soil types. Relative compaction is used to check compaction levels in the field.
Open channel flow
This document discusses open channel flow and its various types. It defines open channel flow as flow with a free surface driven by gravity. It describes four main types of open channel flows:
1. Steady and unsteady flow
2. Uniform and non-uniform flow
3. Laminar and turbulent flow
4. Sub-critical, critical, and super-critical flow
It also discusses discharge equations for open channels including Chezy's formula, Manning's formula, and Bazin's formula. Finally, it covers specific energy, critical depth, and the hydraulic jump in open channel flow.
Centrifugal Pumps
This document discusses centrifugal pumps, including their basic principles, classification, components, and potential issues. Centrifugal pumps work by imparting a whirling motion to liquid using a rotating impeller with backward curved vanes, forcing the liquid to move from the center to the outer edge and discharge from the casing. Pumps can be classified based on the number of impellers, shaft disposition, or developed head. Cavitation, where bubbles form and implode inside pumps, can cause damage and should be avoided by ensuring the net positive suction head available exceeds the required level.
Flow Through Orifices - Hydraulics
Flow Through Orifices, Orifice, Types of Orifice according to Shape Size Edge Discharge, Jet, Venacontracta, Hydraulic Coefficients, Coefficient of Contraction,Coefficient of Velocity, Coefficient of Discharge, Coefficient of Resistance, Hydraulic Coefficients by Experimental Method, Discharge Through a Small rectangular orifice, Discharge Through a Large rectangular orifice, Discharge Through a Fully Drowned orifice, Discharge Through Partially Drowned orifice, Mouthpiece and its types. By Engr. M. Jalal Sarwar
Gravity dam
It contains detailed information about a Gravity Dam........it also conataims the information in brief & pictures giving a clear view of the Gravity Dams...........It also contains formulas with details of their terms.........
Gravity Dam
Topics:
1. Types of Gravity Dam
2. Forces Acting on a Gravity Dam
3. Causes of failure of Gravity Dam
4. Elementary Profile of Gravity Dam
5. Practical Profile of Gravity Dam
6. Limiting height of Gravity Dam
7. Drainage and Inspection Galleries
Classification of orifices
1.introduction
2.classification
3.classification upon size
4.classification upon c/s
5.classification upon upstream edge & nature of discharge
flow through open channel
This document presents an experiment on uniform flow through an open rectangular channel. The experiment is designed to investigate water flow through a rectangular channel with dimensions of 175mm height and 55mm width. Procedures are outlined for setting up the channel with a variable slope and measuring the flow rate, depth, and calculating other parameters like mean velocity, hydraulic radius, and Manning's roughness coefficient. Plots of mean velocity versus hydraulic radius and slope are used to determine the Manning's n value from the slope of the graph. [/SUMMARY]
energy dissipator in hydraulic structure
This document discusses energy dissipators, which are structures that reduce the kinetic energy of water flowing over spillways to prevent erosion. It describes two main types of energy dissipators - stilling basins and bucket dissipators. Stilling basins use either horizontal or sloping concrete aprons and hydraulic jumps to dissipate energy. Bucket dissipators include solid roller, slotted roller, and ski jump designs. The document explains how dissipator selection depends on the relationship between tailwater curve and flow depth. Appropriate dissipators maintain stable hydraulic jumps or direct flow into the air to safely dissipate kinetic energy for different tailwater conditions.
Resistance to flow
The document discusses various concepts related to fluid flow resistance including:
1. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow and deformation, with more viscous fluids like honey having greater resistance than water.
2. Laminar and turbulent flow occur at low and high Reynolds numbers respectively, with laminar flow being smooth and turbulent flow being chaotic.
3. Parameters like drag coefficient, Froude number, Chezy equation, and Manning equation can be used to express resistance to fluid flow.
4. The Darcy-Weisbach equation relates head loss due to friction along a pipe to average fluid velocity.
Gradually varied flow
The document discusses gradually varied flow in open channels. It defines gradually varied flow as flow where the depth changes gradually along the channel. It presents the assumptions and governing equations for gradually varied flow analysis. It also describes different types of water surface profiles that can occur, such as mild slope, steep slope, critical slope, and adverse slope profiles. The key methods for analyzing water surface profiles, including direct integration, graphical integration, and numerical integration are summarized.
Dam Engineering.pptx
This presentation thoroughly introduces hydraulic structures. Specifically, it explains different types of hydraulic structures, dams and reservoirs, parts of storage dams, classification of dams, storage calculations, different types of dams, characteristics of embankment dams, engineering activities for site investigation and construction of dams, site selection of dams, and foundation of dams and its treatment.
TYPES OF RESERVOIR
The document discusses different types of reservoirs and their purposes. It describes storage/conservation reservoirs which retain excess water supplies during high flows for gradual release during low flows. Flood control reservoirs store flood waters to minimize downstream flood peaks. Multipurpose reservoirs serve multiple functions like water supply, flood control, power generation, and irrigation. Distribution reservoirs supply water to consumers according to demand fluctuations and provide local storage in emergencies.
What's hot (20)
Field control of compaction and compaction Equipment
Field control of compaction and compaction Equipment
Viewers also liked
Weirs
A weir is a structure in an open channel that causes water to pool. As flow rate increases, the depth of water above the weir increases. Weirs are classified based on their crest shape as either sharp-crested or broad-crested. Common types of sharp-crested weirs include rectangular, V-notch, and trapezoidal weirs. Broad-crested weirs are robust structures that span the full channel width and are well-suited for measuring river discharge. Flow rate calculations using weirs can provide useful data for applications like flood control, hydroelectric projects, irrigation, and environmental studies.
Notches and weir
This document contains information about notches and weirs used to measure fluid discharge. It defines notches and weirs, describes common types of each including rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, and Cippoletti, and provides the key equations for calculating discharge over each type. The main difference between notches and weirs is that notches are openings in tank walls used to measure small discharges, while weirs are larger concrete structures built across rivers or canals to measure larger discharges.
Venturimeter,Orificemeter,Notches & weirs,Pilot tubes
This document summarizes different flow measurement devices including venturi meters, orifice meters, notches, weirs, and pitot tubes. It describes the basic components and working principles of each device. Venturi meters and orifice meters both work on the principle of measuring pressure differences to determine flow rate, but venturi meters maintain a constant jet area while orifice meters have a variable jet area. Notches and weirs are used to measure discharge rates from tanks or channels by measuring increases in fluid depth. Pitot tubes directly measure flow velocity by determining stagnation pressure.
Odemba ECE2304 Hydraulics1Lab
This document is a laboratory report for experiments conducted on a V-notch weir. The experiments were aimed at determining the relationship between discharge and head above the notch, comparing actual and theoretical discharge values, and calibrating the V-notch weir. Data was collected from measurements of head and discharge at various flow stages. Results showed the actual discharge was smaller than theoretical due to head losses, and a coefficient of discharge was derived to relate the two discharge values for calibration of the V-notch. Sources of experimental error and accuracy were also discussed.
Flow measurement
This document discusses various flow measurement techniques including venturimeters, orifices, mouthpieces, pitot tubes, weirs and notches. It provides detailed explanations and equations for venturimeters and orifices. Venturimeters use the Bernoulli's equation to relate the pressure difference between two sections to the flow rate. Orifices use the relationship between head loss and flow rate. The document also defines various coefficients used in flow measurements like coefficient of contraction, velocity, and discharge. It discusses types of venturimeters and orifices based on their orientation and geometry.
20320140503004
The document summarizes experiments conducted to study the effect of dissipation blocks on the energy downstream of compound weirs. 240 experimental runs were performed using different types of triangular, horizontally, and vertically cut dissipation blocks placed in the stilling basin. Measurements of relative energy dissipation, hydraulic jump length, and roller length were taken for each experimental configuration. The results showed that compound weirs with lower V-notches and all dissipation block types had high energy dissipation efficiency, especially at high discharges. Hydraulic characteristic values were better for triangular cut angles of 45° and 60° compared to other block configurations. In conclusion, dissipation blocks improved hydraulic performance by increasing energy dissipation and reducing hydraulic jump length.
Structural analysis lab
The aim of the experiment is to find the flexural rigidity (EI) of a beam and compare it to the theoretical value. A beam with overhangs is loaded at the free ends and the central deflection is measured for different loads. The flexural rigidity is calculated using the measured deflection and load values and beam properties. This calculated EI is then compared to the theoretical EI calculated using the beam's cross-section dimensions and modulus of elasticity. Observing the beam's deflection under various loads allows determining its flexural rigidity and verifying beam theory calculations.
Weirs and flumes with broad
This document provides information about weirs and Parshall flumes. It discusses different types of weirs including sharp-crested weirs like rectangular and V-notch weirs, as well as broad-crested weirs. Formulas are provided for calculating flow rates over these structures. The document also introduces the Parshall flume, which can be used as an alternative to weirs for measuring flow rates while reducing head losses and sediment accumulation. Key features of the Parshall flume design and measurement principles are described.
Wk1 2 Beams
1. Beams are structural elements that transfer vertical loads horizontally within a building. They experience both bending and shear forces.
2. To check if a beam is adequate, its strength, stability, and deflection under expected loads must be evaluated. Key factors include the beam's material, shape, dimensions, and how it is supported.
3. When designing a beam, its shape and dimensions are determined based on the loads, spans, material properties, and allowable strength and deflection values.
Stream flow
This document discusses various techniques for measuring stream flow, which is the volume of water moving through a designated point over time. It describes common methods like the velocity-area method, using a weir, and the bucket method. It also outlines different types of meters that can directly measure flow properties like velocity, including pygmy meters, vortex meters, and current meters. Accurately measuring stream flow is important for applications like flood prediction, assessing water and sediment levels over time, and monitoring long-term climate changes. A combination of techniques may be needed to account for variability in flow across seasons.
weirs
Weirs are barriers placed in flowing water to alter flow characteristics and measure discharge. They come in various forms smaller than conventional dams. The geometry of the weir crest allows depth of water behind it to be converted to a flow rate using discharge equations. Common weir types include labyrinth, broad crested, sharp crested, compound, and V-notch weirs, each suited to different flow measurement applications. While weirs enable flow measurement, they can also increase oxygen in water and create dangerous hydraulic jumps downstream.
Trusses
This document discusses the analysis of structures including trusses, frames, and machines. It defines trusses as structures formed from two-force members connected at joints. Trusses can be analyzed using the method of joints or sections. Frames contain multi-force members and may cease to be rigid when detached from supports. Machines are designed to transmit and modify forces and transform input to output forces. Sample problems demonstrate applying equilibrium conditions to determine member forces and reactions.
Estimate coefficient of discharge for rectangular and V notches weirs
This document summarizes an experiment to estimate the coefficient of discharge for rectangular and V-notch weirs. The apparatus used includes a hydraulic bench, rectangular notch, V-notch, and stopwatch. The procedure involves measuring the notch dimensions, setting up the apparatus, taking head and flow rate measurements, and calculating the theoretical and actual discharge and coefficient of discharge. Observations were then recorded for different heads for both the rectangular and V-notch weirs.
Stream flow measurement
This document discusses various methods for measuring stream flow. There are direct and indirect methods. Direct methods like area-velocity measure discharge by determining the cross-sectional area and average velocity. Indirect methods relate discharge to easily measured water level/stage using structures or the slope-area method with Manning's equation. Accurate stage measurements are important for estimating discharge from stage-discharge curves developed through direct measurements.
Laminarflow
The document discusses laminar flow and its advantages for reducing drag on airfoils and aircraft. It provides details on natural laminar flow airfoils and the NACA 6-series airfoils which can achieve 30-50% laminar flow. The document also describes laminar flow control techniques like suction and discusses challenges like surface contamination and manufacturing tolerances. It summarizes a case study of the SHM-1 airfoil developed for the Honda Jet using inverse design methods to maximize laminar flow.
Arch System
Arch is a curved structure designed to carry loads across a gap mainly by compression. The mechanical principle of the arch is precisely the same as that of the portal frame. The straight pieces of material joined by sharp bends are smoothed into a continuous curve. This increases the cost of construction but greatly reduces the stresses.
For more detail on Arch Systems and architecture engineering,
visit us - www.archistudent.net
Follow us - https://www.facebook.com/Archified-162820443787915/
Fluid discharge
1) The document discusses fluid flow through orifices and mouthpieces. It describes the theory of small orifices discharging fluid using Bernoulli's equation and defines relevant terms like coefficient of velocity and coefficient of discharge.
2) Torricelli's theorem states the velocity of a discharging jet is proportional to the square root of the head producing flow. The theoretical discharge can be calculated using the orifice area and velocity.
3) Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating coefficients of velocity, discharge, and contraction for given orifice dimensions and fluid flow values.
Weir and barrage lecture
The document describes the components and purposes of weirs and barrages. Weirs and barrages are solid structures built across rivers to raise water levels and divert water into canals. The main differences are that barrages use gates to regulate flow, while weirs use crest height. Barrages are more expensive than weirs. The structures are used to control water levels and flows, prevent flooding, divert water, and train rivers to reduce impacts on canal headworks. Key components include the main body, divide wall, under sluices, fish ladder, sheet piles, apron, and river training works.
Fluid mechanics
This document discusses laminar and turbulent fluid flow in pipes. It defines laminar flow as smooth, ordered motion of fluid layers and turbulent flow as irregular motion with velocity fluctuations. The Reynolds number determines the flow regime, with laminar flow below 2000 and turbulent flow above 4000. For fully developed laminar pipe flow, the velocity profile is parabolic and the pressure drop is proportional to flow rate, pipe length, and fluid viscosity, inversely proportional to pipe diameter raised to the fourth power.
Flow measurement pdf
This document discusses different types of flow measurements. It describes four main types: 1) Primary or quantity meters that directly measure flow rate through volumetric or gravimetric methods. 2) Positive displacement meters that count discrete volumes of fluid flow. 3) Secondary or rate meters that infer flow rate from other measured properties like pressure or velocity. Common examples are Venturi meters, orifice plates, and rotameters. 4) Linear resistance element meters that rely on pressure drop across a tube to determine flow rate, suitable for very small, viscous flows. Primary meters are the most accurate while positive displacement meters can handle a variety of fluids. Secondary meters have varying accuracy depending on the design.
Viewers also liked (20)
Venturimeter,Orificemeter,Notches & weirs,Pilot tubes
Venturimeter,Orificemeter,Notches & weirs,Pilot tubes
Estimate coefficient of discharge for rectangular and V notches weirs
Estimate coefficient of discharge for rectangular and V notches weirs
Similar to Weir notches
MicroHydro Design Project REPORT
This document summarizes a micro-hydro design project for a client. It includes contact information for those involved, as well as a table of contents outlining what will be covered. It then details initial site measurements taken to calculate water flow and instantaneous power potential. Specifically, it describes measuring water speed, cross-sectional area, and head to determine flow is 0.33 m3/s and instantaneous power is 7.48 kW. It also outlines plans to use historical flow data from similar waterways to estimate the site's annual energy generation potential.
Reynold's number
Muhammed Fuad Rashid
Petroleum Engineering Department at Koya University
Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
2020
ROTAMETER: ITS CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING
A rotameter is a variable area flow meter that measures fluid flow rate. It consists of a tapered glass or metal tube with a float inside that rises as flow rate increases. As fluid enters the bottom of the tapered tube, the float is pushed upward by drag force from the fluid until it reaches equilibrium where drag equals weight. The height of the float corresponds to flow rate and is read on an adjacent scale. Rotameters are simple, reliable, and provide a linear scale but must be mounted vertically and are susceptible to measurement uncertainty.
Fluid mechanics Lab Report
this document contains a list of experiments which is performed in the fluid mechanics laboratory.As this in not a professional document there might be some mistakes in the observations or plots, the writer and the publisher is a student of civil engineering at UET Peshawar.
Ch. no. 4 flow measurement
The document discusses various methods of measuring fluid flow, including primary methods that directly measure volume or mass flow rate, and secondary methods that infer flow rate from velocity or pressure measurements. It describes common flow measurement devices like orifice plates, venturi tubes, flow nozzles, and positive displacement meters. Key aspects of fluid flow and relevant non-dimensional numbers are also introduced.
Laminar flow nozzle for fountain set up
This document describes the design and construction of a laminar flow nozzle for use in a fountain setup. It discusses the principles of laminar flow and the components of the nozzle, including clearancing rings, scouring pads, drinking straws, and a brass nozzle. Experiments tested different nozzle shapes, sizes, and orientations. The laminar flow nozzle produced a smooth, splash-free stream and could generate various water formations when multiple streams intersected. The nozzle provides an economical way to create an attractive fountain display.
Performance of Overhead Water Tank with Staging under Seismic Conditions– A R...
This document reviews the performance of overhead water tanks under seismic conditions. It discusses different failure modes that can occur in water tanks during earthquakes, such as shear failure, bending-shear failure, and torsion failure of beams and columns. The document also summarizes several research papers on seismic analysis of water tanks that studied parameters like base shear, displacement, moment considering different soil types, bracing patterns, and tank conditions (empty, partial, full). Finite element software was used to model and analyze tanks. The studies concluded that seismic responses depend on soil stiffness, earthquake characteristics, and tank properties. Diagonal bracing provided better seismic performance than other bracing patterns.
siphon&HTI 2
This document discusses different types of gates and siphons used in open channel flow. It begins by describing the geometry of sluice gates, including definitions of terms like gate opening and vena contracta. It then shows diagrams and definitions for other gate types like radial gates and drum gates. The document also explains the concepts of siphon flow, including diagrams of a basic siphon and definitions of terms. It provides equations for calculating flow rates, volume flow rate, mass flow rate, and weight flow rate. Examples are given for calculating time of emptying/filling tanks and pipes, as well as worked examples for siphon problems.
Plumbing
This document provides an overview of plumbing systems, including:
- A brief history of plumbing from ancient civilizations to modern developments.
- The key components of plumbing systems, including water supply pipes, drainage waste vent (DWV) pipes, and fixtures like sinks and toilets.
- Considerations for plumbing design like identifying fixture needs, selecting appropriately sized piping, and grouping fixtures efficiently.
- The purpose and design of the DWV system to drain used water and sewage from buildings.
Engineering Hydrology : Introduction and measurements
It provides an overview of engineering hydrology in the field of engineering geology
Lect. 11 water measure ppt. 2021 Final.pptx
This document discusses different methods for measuring irrigation water, including volumetric, velocity-area, and weirs. The volumetric method involves collecting water in a container for a measured time. The velocity-area method multiplies cross-sectional area by average velocity. Weirs like rectangular, Cipolletti, and 90° V-notch weirs are structures that allow flow measurement based on head over the weir. Formulas are provided to calculate discharge for different measurement structures and examples are worked through.
Planning analysis design the overhead circular water tank in seerapalayam pan...
To forecasting the population of the seerapalayam panchayat. To calculate the estimation of water quantity need in Domestic, and industrial purpose. After the calculation planning analysis and design the overhead circular water tank in economically.
Stream gauging ppt
This document discusses stream gauging techniques used to measure stream discharge. It begins by explaining that stream flow represents the runoff phase of the hydrologic cycle and is the most important data for hydrologic studies. It then describes various methods for measuring stream stage including staff gauges, suspended wire gauges, automatic stage recorders, and bubble gauges. Common techniques for directly measuring stream discharge are also summarized, such as area-velocity methods using current meters and floats, as well as moving boat methods. Site selection criteria and types of stage data collected are also briefly outlined.
Irrigation water measurement technique
Irrigation water measurement is essential for determining how much water to apply to crops and for field experiments. Water can be measured by volume per unit of time for flowing water, or by total volume for stationary water. Common units include cubic meters per second. Accurate measurement requires choosing an appropriate technique depending on the volume of water, desired accuracy, and financial resources. Methods include the direct volumetric method, velocity-area method using floats or current meters, water meters, venturi meters, and tracer techniques.
IRJET- Parameters Affecting the Clogging of Recharge Wells in Different Soil ...
This document summarizes a study on the parameters affecting the clogging of recharge wells in different soil types. The study examined how total suspended solids (TSS) concentration and water head affect recharge well efficiency over time in sandy soil. Experiments were conducted with a model recharge well system using three water tanks. Results showed that in sandy soil, a change in water head affected efficiency from 20% to 31%, while a change in TSS concentration affected efficiency from 70% to 80%. Higher water head and TSS concentration led to a faster decrease in the flow rate from the well over time. It is recommended to use low TSS concentrations for recharging sandy soil to maintain better long-term flow.
Hydrology, Runoff methods & instruments, Site selection
Hydrology.
Runoff Defn, need, Factors affecting runoff.
Runoff measurement methods.
Runoff measuring instruments.
Factors considered for site analysis.
Case study.
References.
01 laboratorio hidráulica
This document presents the results of a laboratory experiment on pipe flow regimes using water. 20 data points were collected measuring time, volume, velocity, and flow rate as water passed through a pipe. These values were used to calculate the Reynolds number to determine the flow regime (laminar, transitional, or turbulent). The experiment found laminar flow at lower flow rates and turbulent flow at higher rates, matching theoretical predictions based on the Reynolds number.
SPteam20.poster.2016.04.15_FINALPDF
The team designed and built a system to generate two controllable laminar water jets. They analyzed jet unit parameters like spacer size and nozzle design, tested flow rate and jet quality with interchangeable nozzles. Their final design was a 6 inch diameter jet unit with 0.25 inch straws, 2 inch spacer, and blue LED lighting. It used a tangential water inlet, cone nozzle, and proportional valve control system to achieve a clear, illuminated jet up to 10 feet in height while meeting design constraints and budget.
Hydraulic Bridge try.pptx
The document describes a student project to build a model hydraulic bridge. It begins with acknowledgements and an introduction describing the real hydraulic bridges. It then lists the aims, materials, and construction steps to build a model bascule bridge that uses a hydraulic system of syringes and tubes to lift its leaves and allow boats to pass through. The working explains how hydraulic pressure from pushing one syringe is transmitted through the water to lift the bridge leaves. Examples of real hydraulic bridges and limitations of the system are also provided.
introduction of intze tank
This document provides details on the design of an Intze tank, including its various structural elements. An Intze tank is a type of circular water tank that has a spherical dome above a conical bottom section. The main advantages of this design are that the outward thrust from the top of the conical section is resisted by a ring beam. The document outlines the objective of studying guidelines for designing liquid-retaining structures according to code and developing programs to simplify calculations for tanks. It also lists factors that affect water demand and the structural requirements for liquid-retaining structures.
Similar to Weir notches (20)
Performance of Overhead Water Tank with Staging under Seismic Conditions– A R...
Performance of Overhead Water Tank with Staging under Seismic Conditions– A R...
Engineering Hydrology : Introduction and measurements
Engineering Hydrology : Introduction and measurements
Planning analysis design the overhead circular water tank in seerapalayam pan...
Planning analysis design the overhead circular water tank in seerapalayam pan...
IRJET- Parameters Affecting the Clogging of Recharge Wells in Different Soil ...
IRJET- Parameters Affecting the Clogging of Recharge Wells in Different Soil ...
Hydrology, Runoff methods & instruments, Site selection
Hydrology, Runoff methods & instruments, Site selection
Recently uploaded
一比一原版南安普顿索伦特大学毕业证Southampton成绩单一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【南安普顿索伦特大学毕业证Southampton学位证成绩单】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：6496090】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：6496090】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：6496090】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理南安普顿索伦特大学毕业证Southampton学位证【微信：6496090 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理南安普顿索伦特大学毕业证Southampton学位证【微信：6496090 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理南安普顿索伦特大学毕业证Southampton学位证【微信：6496090 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理南安普顿索伦特大学毕业证Southampton学位证【微信：6496090 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版肯特大学毕业证UKC成绩单一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【肯特大学毕业证UKC学位证成绩单】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：6496090】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：6496090】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：6496090】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理肯特大学毕业证UKC学位证【微信：6496090 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理肯特大学毕业证UKC学位证【微信：6496090 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理肯特大学毕业证UKC学位证【微信：6496090 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理肯特大学毕业证UKC学位证【微信：6496090 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
EASY TUTORIAL OF HOW TO USE CAPCUT BY: FEBLESS HERNANE
CapCut is an easy-to-use video editing app perfect for beginners. To start, download and open CapCut on your phone. Tap "New Project" and select the videos or photos you want to edit. You can trim clips by dragging the edges, add text by tapping "Text," and include music by selecting "Audio." Enhance your video with filters and effects from the "Effects" menu. When you're happy with your video, tap the export button to save and share it. CapCut makes video editing simple and fun for everyone!
SECURING BUILDING PERMIT CITY OF CALOOCAN.pdf
How to apply for building permit in the city of Caloocan?
What is a building permit?
Who applies for building permit?
Graphic Design Tools and Software .pptx
Explore the essential graphic design tools and software that can elevate your creative projects. Discover industry favorites and innovative solutions for stunning design results.
一比一原版布兰登大学毕业证(BU毕业证书)如何办理
学校原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【布兰登大学毕业证(BU毕业证书)成绩单学位证】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：6496090】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：6496090】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：6496090】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理布兰登大学毕业证(BU毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理布兰登大学毕业证(BU毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理布兰登大学毕业证(BU毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理布兰登大学毕业证(BU毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版亚利桑那大学毕业证(UA毕业证书)如何办理
学校原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【亚利桑那大学毕业证(UA毕业证书)成绩单学位证】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：6496090】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：6496090】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：6496090】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理亚利桑那大学毕业证(UA毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理亚利桑那大学毕业证(UA毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理亚利桑那大学毕业证(UA毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理亚利桑那大学毕业证(UA毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
AHMED TALAAT ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO .pdf
Architectural and constructions management experience since 2003 including 18 years located in UAE.
Coordinate and oversee all technical activities relating to architectural and construction projects,
including directing the design team, reviewing drafts and computer models, and approving design
changes.
Organize and typically develop, and review building plans, ensuring that a project meets all safety and
environmental standards.
Prepare feasibility studies, construction contracts, and tender documents with specifications and
tender analyses.
Consulting with clients, work on formulating equipment and labor cost estimates, ensuring a project
meets environmental, safety, structural, zoning, and aesthetic standards.
Monitoring the progress of a project to assess whether or not it is in compliance with building plans
and project deadlines.
Attention to detail, exceptional time management, and strong problem-solving and communication
skills are required for this role.
一比一原版阿肯色大学毕业证(UCSF毕业证书)如何办理
学校原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【阿肯色大学毕业证(UCSF毕业证书)成绩单学位证】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：6496090】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：6496090】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：6496090】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理阿肯色大学毕业证(UCSF毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理阿肯色大学毕业证(UCSF毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理阿肯色大学毕业证(UCSF毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理阿肯色大学毕业证(UCSF毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Manual ISH (International Society of Hypertension)
Manual ISH (International Society of Hypertension)
ARENA - Young adults in the workplace (Knight Moves).pdf
Presentations of Bavo Raeymaekers (Project lead youth unemployment at the City of Antwerp), Suzan Martens (Service designer at Knight Moves) and Adriaan De Keersmaeker (Community manager at Talk to C)
during the 'Arena • Young adults in the workplace' conference hosted by Knight Moves.
一比一原版(LSBU毕业证书)伦敦南岸大学毕业证如何办理
学校原件一模一样【微信：6496090 】【(LSBU毕业证书)伦敦南岸大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：6496090 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微6496090
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微6496090】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微6496090】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(LSBU毕业证书)伦敦南岸大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(LSBU毕业证书)伦敦南岸大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(LSBU毕业证书)伦敦南岸大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(LSBU毕业证书)伦敦南岸大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Impact of Fonts: in Web and Apps Design
Fonts play a crucial role in both User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) design. They affect readability, accessibility, aesthetics, and overall user perception.
Maximize Your Content with Beautiful Assets : Content & Asset for Landing Page
Figma is a cloud-based design tool widely used by designers for prototyping, UI/UX design, and real-time collaboration. With features such as precision pen tools, grid system, and reusable components, Figma makes it easy for teams to work together on design projects. Its flexibility and accessibility make Figma a top choice in the digital age.
一比一原版马里兰大学毕业证(UMD毕业证书)如何办理
学校原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【马里兰大学毕业证(UMD毕业证书)成绩单学位证】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：6496090】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：6496090】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：6496090】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理马里兰大学毕业证(UMD毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理马里兰大学毕业证(UMD毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理马里兰大学毕业证(UMD毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理马里兰大学毕业证(UMD毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
哪里办理美国中央华盛顿大学毕业证双学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国中央华盛顿大学毕业证双学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Divertidamente SLIDE.pptxufururururuhrurid8dj
Hsuehebvdhdueuw8wiiwieih3udud8e8wisbdydvw7wbidj38ehehdheuwjhdiwjwieheheueurhryrurhrgryd7eueue
Recently uploaded (20)
EASY TUTORIAL OF HOW TO USE CAPCUT BY: FEBLESS HERNANE
EASY TUTORIAL OF HOW TO USE CAPCUT BY: FEBLESS HERNANE
Introduction to User experience design for beginner
Introduction to User experience design for beginner
Manual ISH (International Society of Hypertension)
Manual ISH (International Society of Hypertension)
ARENA - Young adults in the workplace (Knight Moves).pdf
ARENA - Young adults in the workplace (Knight Moves).pdf
Maximize Your Content with Beautiful Assets : Content & Asset for Landing Page
Maximize Your Content with Beautiful Assets : Content & Asset for Landing Page
Weir notches
- 2. FLOW : Liquid, gas, or electricity move steadily and continuously in a current or stream. FLOW RATE : The volume of fluid which passes per unit time; usually represented by the symbol Q (sometimes V̇ ). The SI unit is m3/s (cubic metres per second). WEIR &NOTCH : The purpose of weir & notch is to measure discharge of fluid specially water . Notch is smaller one made of iron plate, steel , tin etc specially used in hydraulics laboratory for students to measure the discharge of water or flow .Weir is the bigger one found in field across a water course, nullah , small river etc made of stone or concrete This main aim of this project is to measure flow rate for different shaped notches and different angled notches.
- 3. The project is based on measuring flow rate for different shaped notches and weirs. We use a tank and pipes to construct the basic project model. We use this basic model for measuring flow rate of a water sample. This project has many uses and further in future the knowledge about notches and weir is vey important.
- 4. 1.Weir structure 2.Notch structure We can measure at what rate Water is released which is used to guess floods. We can expel only required amount of water and we calculate the amount of water required for different purposes It has a greater significance in various scientific fields
- 5. This is an experiment which is used for the measurement of flow rate of water using Notches . The flow rate of water will be different for different shaped notches. We construct a tank and two pipes to it and at the end of each pipe we arrange a plastic piece which acts as notch We fill the tank with water and release them through pipes We collect the water at the end of pipes and we find the amount of water collected using the formulae After that we find amount of water flowed out for a certain time i.e., flow rate and we compare the values for different shaped notches We compare the values for different shaped notches
- 6. :
- 9. The amount of water discharged for a particular time i.e., Rate of flow for different shaped notches are different . BATCH-19 SECTION-35 BY:- 160070396 160070398 160070399 160070403 160070404