Disadvantages of corona, radio interference, inductive interference between power and communication lines
Introduction
Disadvantages of corona.
Radio interference.
Inductive interference between power and communication lines
Bundle conductors in transmission line chandan kumar
Bundled Conductors are used in transmission lines where the voltage exceeds 230 kV.
At such high voltages, ordinary conductors will result in excessive corona and noise which may affect communication lines.
The increased corona will result in significant power loss. Bundle conductors consist of three or four conductors for each phase.
The conductors are separated from each other by means of spacers at regular intervals. Thus, they do not touch each other.
Bundle conductors in transmission line chandan kumar
Bundled Conductors are used in transmission lines where the voltage exceeds 230 kV.
At such high voltages, ordinary conductors will result in excessive corona and noise which may affect communication lines.
The increased corona will result in significant power loss. Bundle conductors consist of three or four conductors for each phase.
The conductors are separated from each other by means of spacers at regular intervals. Thus, they do not touch each other.
Generation of High D.C. Voltage (HVDC generation)RP6997
Generation of high dc voltage using different methods like half wave and full wave rectifier, voltage doubler circuits, voltage multiplier circuits, cockcroft-walton circuits and van de graaff generators.
After going through this presentation one can understand the effects undergoing on Transmission Line
Following are some effects...
1. Skin effect
2. Proximity effect
3. Ferranti effect
Nowadays, it is very important to maintain voltage level. Controlling of that voltage is also important. This Presentation contains methods of voltage control.
SWICTH GEAR AND PROTECTION (2170906)
DISTANCE RELAY
• There are mainly Three types of distance relay
1) Impedance Relay
2) Reactance Relay
3) Mho Relay
Generation of High D.C. Voltage (HVDC generation)RP6997
Generation of high dc voltage using different methods like half wave and full wave rectifier, voltage doubler circuits, voltage multiplier circuits, cockcroft-walton circuits and van de graaff generators.
After going through this presentation one can understand the effects undergoing on Transmission Line
Following are some effects...
1. Skin effect
2. Proximity effect
3. Ferranti effect
Nowadays, it is very important to maintain voltage level. Controlling of that voltage is also important. This Presentation contains methods of voltage control.
SWICTH GEAR AND PROTECTION (2170906)
DISTANCE RELAY
• There are mainly Three types of distance relay
1) Impedance Relay
2) Reactance Relay
3) Mho Relay
This presentation is brief introduction to the transient disturbances(how they occur and reason behind that) and its classification(Oscillatory and Impulsive).
The presentation is delivering the general aspects of transmission of electric energy. At the beginning need of transmission is presented, and then the various aspects of transmission, which affect the choice of scheme of transmission are presented. At the end of presentation, the topic is summarized as comparison among the HVAC and HVDC transmission.
This presentation was given by shivlal mohal, during the final semester of electric engineering.
This is a PPT on CORONA EFFECT(ELECTRICAL) Prepared By LAKSHYA PANDEY, 2nd Year Electrical Engineering Student of BIPIN TRIPATHI KUMAON INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DWARAHAT, UTTARAKHAND...
Corona Effect: What is Corona | Corona Effect in Transmission Linevikasverma433
when a low luminous glow of violet colour will appear and a hissing sound will be heard. This phenomenon is known as Corona effect. Corona is also accompanied by the formation of ozone perhaps due to ionization of air in between the two wires.
What is Corona Discharge And it's effect on Transmission Lines:
What is Corona Discharge and it's effect on Transmission Lines.
This phenomenon occurs when the electrostatic field across the transmission line conductors
produces the condition of potential gradient.
In transmission lines, conductors are surrounded by the air. Air acts as a dielectric medium.ir
Advantages & Disadvantages of Corona Effect:
Advantages:
Due to corona across the conductor, the sheath of air surrounding the conductor becomes conductive which rises the conductor diameter
virtually.
Disadvantages:
A non-sinusoidal voltage drop occurs in the transmission line due to non-sinusoidal corona current, which causes interference with
neighboring communication circuits.
Factors Affecting Corona Discharge:
The phenomenon of electric discharge associated with energized electrical devices, including transmission lines results in a power loss. The following factors can change the magnitude of the Corona Effect:
Supply Voltage: As the electrical corona discharge mainly depends upon the electric field intensity produced by the applied system
voltage.
Air Density Factor: Air density factor also determines the corona loss in transmission lines. The corona loss in inversely proportional to air density factor.
Learn more about Corona Effect at www.allumiax.com
Self control of synchronous motor drives
Phase-Controlled Cycloconverters
Synchronous Motor Drive
Self controlled sync. Motor drive using a cycloconverter
Owen’s bridge and measurement of increment inductancevishalgohel12195
Owen’s bridge and measurement of increment inductance
Effect On Induced Voltage.
Measurements Of Incremental Inductance
Diagram Of Increment Inductance.
Description Of Ø-i Magnetizing Curve
Initial and final condition for circuit
Explain the transient response of a RC circuit
As the capacitor stores energy when there is:
a transition in a unit step function source, u(t-to)
or a voltage or current source is switched into the circuit.
Explain the transient response of a RL circuit
As the inductor stores energy when there is:
a transition in a unit step function source, u(t-to)
or a voltage or current source is switched into the circuit.
RC Circuit
RL Circuit
FSK , FM DEMODULATOR & VOLTAGE REGULATOR ICS
Application of PLL in FSK & FM demodulation three terminal regulator ics.
Adjustable output voltage regulator LM 317, LM 337 & LM 340 series power supply ics.
Basic design considerations for designed regulated power supply
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Concept of general terms pertaining to rotating machines
Physical concept of force and torque production.
Concept of general terms pertaining to rotating machines.
Generated emf in full pitched and short pitched winding.
Transfer Function and Mathematical Modeling
Transfer Function
Poles And Zeros of a Transfer Function
Properties of Transfer Function
Advantages and Disadvantages of T.F.
Translation motion
Rotational motion
Translation-Rotation counterparts
Analogy system
Force-Voltage analogy
Force-Current Analogy
Advantages
Example
Winding
What is Armature winding?
Terms related to armature winding.
Single layer and double layer windings.
Comparison between closed and open windings.
Types of DC armature winding.
Types of AC armature winding.
Protection against overvoltage
overvoltage
causes of overvoltage
lightning
types of lightning strokes
harmful effect of lightning
protection against lightning
On load tap changer in a.c. locomotive transformer & air blast circuit b...vishalgohel12195
On load tap changer In A.C. locomotive transformer & Air blast circuit breaker
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Block diagram of A.C. Locomotive
Equipment of locomotive & their function
Advantages
Disadvantages
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Instruction Set of 8085
Classification of Instruction Set
Logical Instructions
AND, OR, XOR
Logical Instructions
Summary Logical Group
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Nonsinusoidal Waveforms
Key Similarities and Differences between Sinusoidal and Nonsinusoidal Waveforms
Effect of harmonics in motor drives
Square wave inverter with 180° mode
Effect of leakage reactance on the harmonic content of current
Parasitic torques due to non-sinusoidal voltages
Design, Planning and Layout of high voltage laboratory vishalgohel12195
Design, Planning and Layout of high voltage laboratory
Test equipment provided in high voltage lab
Activity and study in high voltage lab
Classification of high voltage lab
Clearance of high voltage Lab
Layout of high voltage lab
Safety
Shielding of the high voltage lab
Design considerations of electrical installationsvishalgohel12195
Design considerations of electrical installations
Types of Loads
Estimation of load
Demand factor
Load factor
Diversity factor
Electric supply system
Overhead supply system
Underground cable system
Selection of type of wiring
Durability
Appearance
Cost
Safety
Accessibility
Maintenance cost
System of wiring
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
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Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
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Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
2. Introduction
Disadvantages of corona.
Radio interference.
Inductive interference between power and
communication lines
3. It has been observed that, if the spacing between two
conductors is less than their diameters, & if applied potential
between them gradually increased, a violet glow occurs round
the conductor, along with a hissing sound, at a certain value
of the potential. This phenomenon is known as corona.
The conductors have air gap between them, so air acts as a
dielectric medium. The dielectric strength of air at normal
temperature and pressure is 30kV/cm.
4. The phenomenon of violet glow, hissing noise and
production of ozone gas in an overhead transmission line is
known as corona.
For corona effect to occur effectively, two factors here are of
prime importance as mentioned below:-
1) Alternating electrical potential difference must be supplied
across the line.
2) The spacing of the conductors, must be large enough
compared to the line diameter.
5. This breakdown accompanied by following phenomenon :
Hissing noise is produced.
A faint violet glow appears which is visible in the dark.
Production of ozone gas.
Radio interference occurs.
There is a loss of power.
6. Due to corona formation, the air surrounding the conductor
becomes conducting and hence virtual diameter of the
conductor is increased. The increased diameter reduces the
electro static stress between the conductors.
Corona reduces the effect of transient produced by surges.
Effects of transients produced by lightning surges and other
causes are reduced. Charge induced on the line by surges
will be partially dissipated as a corona loss. In this way it
acts as a safety valve.
7. Corona is accompanied by a loss of energy. This affects the
transmission efficiency of the line.
Ozone is produced by corona and may cause corrosion of
the conductor due to chemical action.
Harmonics are produced in the line.
During the formation of corona, ozone gas is formed. This
gas reacts with the material of the conductors and causes
corrosion.
8. Electromagnetic interference, also called radio frequency
interference (RFI) when in the radio frequency spectrum, is a
disturbance generated by an external source that affects an
electrical circuit by electromagnetic induction, electrostatic
coupling, or conduction.
9. High voltage transmission lines and substations can cause
radio interference.
Since radio noise is associated with corona, it mainly depends
on the potential gradients at the conductors.
It is also influenced by all those factors which influence
corona, such as air density, humidity, wind contaminates,
imperfections and precipitation.
The radio noise in bad weather is about 10-25 db higher than
the radio noise during fair weather.
The radio interference is caused by electro-magnetic waves in
the frequency range of broad cast frequencies.
Radio interference : 0.5 – 1.6 MHz
By using bundled conductors, surface voltage stress, corona
and radio interference can be reduced.
10. Corona produces inductive interference between
transmission lines and wireless lines, signal.
Radio interference due to corona is of the importance for
lines above 200 kV.
The electromagnetic and the electrostatic effects mainly
depend on what is the distance between power and
communication circuits and the length of the route over
which they are parallel.
The unacceptable disturbance which is produced in the
telephone communication because of power lines is called
Telephone Interference.
11. This noise is lesser in bed weather.
Radio interference field produces by transmission line is
inversely proportional to radio frequencies.
This shows that higher frequency band service like T.V.,
frequency modulated broadcasting, microwave relay and
radars have less chance of affecting their services.
In Extra High Voltage lines the radio noise is a very
important consideration is designing a line.
12. There are various factors influencing the telephone
interference. These factors are as follows:
1) Because of harmonics in power circuit, their frequency
range and magnitudes.
2) Electromagnetic coupling between power and telephone
conductor.
3) Due to unbalance in power circuits and in telephone
circuits.
4) Type of return telephone circuit i.e. either metallic or ground
return.
5) Screening effects.