Transition curve and Super-elevation
Transition Curve
Objectives of Transition Curve
Properties Of Transition Curve
Types Of Transition Curve
Length Of Transition Curve
Superelevation
Objective of providing superelevation
Advantages of providing superelevation
Superelevation Formula
Numerical
This Presentation Contains Railway engineering concepts. The contents covered are Permanent way: Requirement, its component. Feel free to write in Comment Section or drop a line in my Inbox amanbathla710@gmail.com.
Geometric Design of Railways in India is explained. Design of horizontal curves, speed on curves, super-elevation, cant deficiency, transition curves etc. are included
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
Friction Considerations : The friction of skid resistance between vehicle tyre and pavement surface is one of the factors determining the operating speed and the minimum distance requires for stopping of vehicles.
Unevenness : The longitudinal profile of the road pavement has to be even' in order to provide a good riding comfort to fast moving vehicles
Light Reflecting Characteristics : Night visibility depends upon the colour and light reflecting characteristics of the pavement surface. The glare caused by the reflection of head lights is considerably high on wet pavement surface than on the dry pavement.
Drainage of Surface Water
This Presentation Contains Railway engineering concepts. The contents covered are Permanent way: Requirement, its component. Feel free to write in Comment Section or drop a line in my Inbox amanbathla710@gmail.com.
Geometric Design of Railways in India is explained. Design of horizontal curves, speed on curves, super-elevation, cant deficiency, transition curves etc. are included
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
Friction Considerations : The friction of skid resistance between vehicle tyre and pavement surface is one of the factors determining the operating speed and the minimum distance requires for stopping of vehicles.
Unevenness : The longitudinal profile of the road pavement has to be even' in order to provide a good riding comfort to fast moving vehicles
Light Reflecting Characteristics : Night visibility depends upon the colour and light reflecting characteristics of the pavement surface. The glare caused by the reflection of head lights is considerably high on wet pavement surface than on the dry pavement.
Drainage of Surface Water
Highway planning and alignment: Different modes of transportation – historical Development of road construction- Highway Development in India –Classification of roads- Road pattern
– Highway planning in India- Highway alignment - Engineering Surveys for alignment – Highway Project- Important Transport/Highway related agencies in India. PMGSY project.
Introduction about IRC, NRRDA
The clear distance ahead of vehicle which is visible to the driver is known as sight distance
The minimum distance within which a driver can safely stop his vehicle without any collision with some vehicle, animal or any other object is known as stopping sight distance.
Railway secondary part of the transportation . Railway use of maximum materials transport of one place to other place. Particular time of number of trains are move of particular junction so these part are used of points and crossing.
Best helpful of these ppt of railway track and design purposes.
Often changes in the direction are necessitated in highway alignment due to various reasons such as topographic considerations, obligatory points.
The geometric design elements pertaining to horizontal alignment of highway should consider safe and comfortable movement of vehicles at the given design speed of the highway.
It is therefore necessary to avoid sudden changes in direction with sharp curves or reverse curves which could not be safely and conveniently negotiated by the vehicles at design speed.
Improper design of horizontal alignment of roads would necessitate speed changes resulting m higher accident rate and increase in vehicle operation cost.
Highway planning and alignment: Different modes of transportation – historical Development of road construction- Highway Development in India –Classification of roads- Road pattern
– Highway planning in India- Highway alignment - Engineering Surveys for alignment – Highway Project- Important Transport/Highway related agencies in India. PMGSY project.
Introduction about IRC, NRRDA
The clear distance ahead of vehicle which is visible to the driver is known as sight distance
The minimum distance within which a driver can safely stop his vehicle without any collision with some vehicle, animal or any other object is known as stopping sight distance.
Railway secondary part of the transportation . Railway use of maximum materials transport of one place to other place. Particular time of number of trains are move of particular junction so these part are used of points and crossing.
Best helpful of these ppt of railway track and design purposes.
Often changes in the direction are necessitated in highway alignment due to various reasons such as topographic considerations, obligatory points.
The geometric design elements pertaining to horizontal alignment of highway should consider safe and comfortable movement of vehicles at the given design speed of the highway.
It is therefore necessary to avoid sudden changes in direction with sharp curves or reverse curves which could not be safely and conveniently negotiated by the vehicles at design speed.
Improper design of horizontal alignment of roads would necessitate speed changes resulting m higher accident rate and increase in vehicle operation cost.
This presentation constitutes an integral component of a designated course curriculum and is crafted and disseminated for its intended audience. None of the contents within this presentation should be construed as a formal publication on the subject matter. The author has extensively referenced published resources in the preparation of this presentation, and proper citations will be provided in the bibliography upon completion of its development.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
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Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
2. Transition Curve
• A curve of Variable Radius is known as
Transition curve.
• Transition curve is a curve in plan which is
provided to change the horizontal alignment
from straight to circular curve gradually means
the radius of transition curve varies between
infinity to R or R to infinity.
3. • As soon as a vehicle commences motion on a
circular curve from a straight line track, it is
subjected to a sudden centrifugal force, which
not only causes discomfort to the passengers
but also distorts the track alignment and
affects the stability of the rolling stock.
• In order to smoothen the shift from the
straight line to the curve, transition curves are
provided on either side of the circular curve so
that the centrifugal force is built up gradually.
4. Transition Curve
• A transition curve is, therefore, the cure for an
uncomfortable ride, in which the degree of
the curvature and the gain of superelevation
are uniform throughout its length, starting
from zero at the tangent point to the specified
value at the circular curve. The following are
the objectives of a transition curve.
6. Objectives of Transition Curve
• To decrease the radius of the curvature
gradually in a planned way from infinity at the
straight line to the specified value of the
radius of a circular curve in order to help the
vehicle negotiate the curve smoothly.
• To provide a gradual increase of the
superelevation starting from zero at the
straight line to the desired superelevation at
the circular curve.
7. • To ensure a gradual increase or decrease of
centrifugal forces so as to enable the vehicles
to negotiate a curve smoothly.
• To introduce extra widening gradually
• To provide comfort for the driver that is to
enable smooth vehicle operation on road.
• To prevent the possibility of overturning of
vehicles on horizontal curve.
• To improve in design speed on horizontal
curves.
• Reduce wear and tear of rail section .
8. Properties Of Transition Curve
• 1)Rate of change of Super elevation must
equal to that curve.
• 2) Radius of Transition curve at junction
should equal to radius of circular curve.
• 3) Must meet the circular curve tangentially.
• 4) Length of Transition Curve is inversely
proportional to Radius.
9. Types Of Transition Curve
• a) Spiral or clothoid
• b) Cubic parabola
• c) Lemniscates
10. Spiral or clothoid Ideal Transition
Curve Why?
• Rate of change or centrifugal acceleration is
consistent (smooth)and
• Radius of the transition curve is Infinity at the
straight edge and changes to R (Ls ∝ 1/R) at
the curve point and calculation and field
implementation is very easy.
• It satisfies that rate of change of centrifugal
acceleration is constant.
15. Length Of Transition Curve
• b) By definite Rate of Superelevation
• Ls = nh/100
• Wher n = rate of Superelevation 1 in n and h =
superelevation
• C) By Arbitrary Gradient Ls = hv/x
• Where x = time rate in cm/sec which can varey
from 2.5 cm/sec to 5 cm/sec.
16. Length Of Transition Curve
• D) Based on rate of change of superelevation
and extra widening:
• Ls =( W+We)nh
• The maximum of above conditions will be
considered as the length of transition curve.
18. Superelevation
• The inward transverse inclination provided to
the cross-section of the carriage way at
horizontal curved portion of a road is called
superelevation, cant or banking .
• In other words superelevation is raising of
outer edge (of curved portion of road of
railway) with respect to its inner edge is called
superelevation. It is generally denoted by the
‘e
21. Objective of providing superelevation
• 1.To counteract the effect of centrifugal force
acting on the moving vehicle to pull the same
outward on a horizontal curve.
• 2. To help a fast moving vehicle to negotiate a
curved path without overturning and skidding.
• 3. To ensure safety of the fast moving vehicle.
• 4. To prevent damaging effect on the road
surface due to improper distribution of load.
22. Advantages of providing superelevation
• It permits running of vehicle at high speed on a
curved path or a straight path without any danger
of overturning and thus results into increased
volume of traffic.
• It also helps to keep the vehicle to their proper
side on the pavement and thus prevents collision
of vehicles moving in opposite direction on a
curved portion of the road.
• It provides drainage of the whole width of the
road towards the inner side. Thus, there is no
necessity of providing side drain on the outerside
of the road.
31. Ex:1
• Calculate the length of transition curve for
V=65kmph, R=220m, rate of introduction of
super elevation is 1 in 150, W+We= 7.5 m.
(Hint: c=0.57)
• [Answer: Ls1=47.1m, Ls2=39m (e=0.07,
pavement rotated with reference to
centerline), Ls3=51.9m, Ls =52m]
32. Ex:2
• NH passing through rolling terrain of heavy
rainfall area, R=500m. Design length of
Transition curve. (Hint: Heavy rainfall.
Pavement surface rotated with respect to
inner edge. V=80kmph, W=7.0m, N=1 in 150)
[Answer: c = 0.52, Ls1 = 42.3, Ls2 = 63.7m(e =
0.057, W+We = 7.45), Ls3 = 34.6m, Ls = 64m]