Hard water forms when water passes through deposits of minerals like calcium and magnesium in the earth, dissolving small amounts. The higher the concentrations of calcium and magnesium, the harder the water. Hard water interferes with soap's ability to lather and causes more soap residue due to interactions between minerals in the water and soap. It can also lead to mineral deposits in appliances like dishwashers and washing machines over time, shortening their lifespan.

1. BY.M.Z.J

2. Hard Water
 One class of impurity that is of special interest is
"hardness". As water moves through soil and rock, it
dissolves very small amounts of minerals and holds
them in solution. Calcium and magnesium dissolved
in water are the two most common minerals that make
water “hard.” The degree of hardness becomes greater
as the calcium and magnesium content increases.

4. Hard Water
 Minerals in hard water
interact with soap.
 Interferes with soap’s
ability to lather.

5. Effects of Hard Water
 Homes with hard water
use more soap!
 More soap residue.

6. Effects of Hard Water
 Calcium and iron
deposits can build up
in appliances
– Washing machine
– Dish washer
– Steam iron
 Shortens their life span
and adds to landfill
problem!

13. Soft Water
 Water with very low concentrations of minerals.
 Soap lathers easily and is sometimes difficult to
rinse off.