Types, Investigation, complication and treatment of Incisional herniaimraxid
It is herniation through a weak abdominal scar (scar of previous surgery).
It is common in old age and obese individuals.
Predisposing Factors:
..> Vertical scar, midline scar, lower abdominal scar— may injure the nerves of the abdominal muscles.
...> Scar of major surgeries (biliary, pancreatic).
...> Scar of emergency surgeries (peritonitis, acute abdomen).
For Health Tips: http://MedicoPk.com/
Types, Investigation, complication and treatment of Incisional herniaimraxid
It is herniation through a weak abdominal scar (scar of previous surgery).
It is common in old age and obese individuals.
Predisposing Factors:
..> Vertical scar, midline scar, lower abdominal scar— may injure the nerves of the abdominal muscles.
...> Scar of major surgeries (biliary, pancreatic).
...> Scar of emergency surgeries (peritonitis, acute abdomen).
For Health Tips: http://MedicoPk.com/
WILMS’ TUMOUR-Pediatric Surgery
• Dear Viewers,
• Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
• Today I have uploaded a video on the commonest childhood solid tumour- Wilms’ tumour
• This is a malignant tumour arising from embryonal kidney cells
• It has excellent prognosis because of multi-disciplinary management
• In this video I have discussed the epidemiology, etiology, pathology, clinical features, investigations, staging, differential diagnosis and treatment of Wilms’ tumour.
• I hope you will like and enjoy watching the video
• You can watch all my surgery teaching videos in the following links:
• youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator surgicaleducator.blogspot.com
• Thank you for watching the video.
Disclaimer: A lot from this slides were taken also from https://www.slideshare.net/babysurgeon/scrotal-swellings-1 (Dr Selvaraj Balasubramani)
This covers only :
ANATOMY
CAUSES
TORSION OF TESTIS
EPIDIDYMO-ORCHITIS
HYDROCELE
EPIDIDYMAL CYST
VARICOCELE
CHEST INJURY- BLUNT/ Trauma Surgery
Dear viewers,
Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
Today I have uploaded a video on CHEST INJURY- BLUNT- an important topic in trauma. Even the blunt chest trauma can turn into penetrating one because of jagged edges of the broken ribs. I haven’t talked elaborately but have included the essential minimum an undergraduate medical student should know. I have talked about pathophysiology, clinical approach, symptoms, signs, investigations, different individual types of Chest injuries and management of all the varieties of Chest injuries. My aim is, after watching this video all of you should be able to arrive at a correct working diagnosis of the type of chest injury and should also be able to institute immediate lifesaving treatment to the patients if there is a need. You can watch the video in the following links:
surgicaleducator.blogspot.com
youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
Thank you for watching the video.
Safe Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Techniques that are discussed here are based on current literature and Evidence Based Medicine guidelines and reviews.
WILMS’ TUMOUR-Pediatric Surgery
• Dear Viewers,
• Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
• Today I have uploaded a video on the commonest childhood solid tumour- Wilms’ tumour
• This is a malignant tumour arising from embryonal kidney cells
• It has excellent prognosis because of multi-disciplinary management
• In this video I have discussed the epidemiology, etiology, pathology, clinical features, investigations, staging, differential diagnosis and treatment of Wilms’ tumour.
• I hope you will like and enjoy watching the video
• You can watch all my surgery teaching videos in the following links:
• youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator surgicaleducator.blogspot.com
• Thank you for watching the video.
Disclaimer: A lot from this slides were taken also from https://www.slideshare.net/babysurgeon/scrotal-swellings-1 (Dr Selvaraj Balasubramani)
This covers only :
ANATOMY
CAUSES
TORSION OF TESTIS
EPIDIDYMO-ORCHITIS
HYDROCELE
EPIDIDYMAL CYST
VARICOCELE
CHEST INJURY- BLUNT/ Trauma Surgery
Dear viewers,
Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
Today I have uploaded a video on CHEST INJURY- BLUNT- an important topic in trauma. Even the blunt chest trauma can turn into penetrating one because of jagged edges of the broken ribs. I haven’t talked elaborately but have included the essential minimum an undergraduate medical student should know. I have talked about pathophysiology, clinical approach, symptoms, signs, investigations, different individual types of Chest injuries and management of all the varieties of Chest injuries. My aim is, after watching this video all of you should be able to arrive at a correct working diagnosis of the type of chest injury and should also be able to institute immediate lifesaving treatment to the patients if there is a need. You can watch the video in the following links:
surgicaleducator.blogspot.com
youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
Thank you for watching the video.
Safe Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Techniques that are discussed here are based on current literature and Evidence Based Medicine guidelines and reviews.
anatomy of large intestine all info. is from snell clinical anatomy
this lecture composed of :- cecum , appendix , colon , rectum and anal canal
with all relation (location , blood supply , lymphatic drainage and nerve supply)
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: UCD Graduate '09 None <ucdgrad09@gmail.com>
Date: 2009/2/12
Subject: Bambury tutorial Upper GI Surgery
To: ucdgrad09@gmail.com
She does not know that we have this so please don't print it and bring it to
the lecture
In these slides we will go through the surgical anatomy of the gut,pathophysiology of intestinal obstruction, clinical presentation and management. Also we will discuss specific types of intestinal obstruction.
The neonatal bowel obstruction is suspected based on polyhydramnios in utero, bilious vomiting, failure to pass meconium in the first day of life, and abdominal distension.The presentations of NBO may vary. It may be subtle and easily overlooked on physical examination or can involve massive abdominal distension, respiratory distress and cardiovascular collapse.Unlike older children, neonates with unrecognized intestinal obstruction deteriorate rapidly.
Neonatal bowel obstruction is grouped into two general categories: high, or proximal, obstruction and low, or distal obstruction, both of which are suspected by failure to pass meconium at birth. High obstruction can be suspected based on the double bubble sign. Cases without distal gas are usually related to duodenal atresia, while high obstruction with distal gas need an upper gastrointestinal series because of the need to distinguish duodenal web, duodenal stenosis and annular pancreas from midgut volvulus, the latter being a surgical emergency. Confirmation is ultimately by surgical intervention.
Jejunal and ileal atresia are caused by in utero vascular insults, leading to poor recanalization of distal small bowel segments, a condition in which surgical resection and reanastamosis are mandatory. Hirschsprung disease is due to an arrest in neural cell ganglia, leading to absent innervation of a segment distal bowel, and appears as a massively dilated segment of distal bowel on contrast enema. Surgical resection is necessary for this condition as well. Imperforate anus also requires surgical management, with the diagnosis made by inability to pass the rectal tube through the anal sphincter.[6] Supportive intravenous hydration, gastric decompression, and ventilatory support may be needed due to poor neonatal nutrition resulting from dysfunctional bowel absorption.
A low obstruction is suspected on plain film, but needs follow up with a gastrografin enema, which itself can be therapeutic. The differential for low obstruction is ileal atresia, meconium ileus, meconium plug syndrome and Hirschsprung disease. In cases of meconium ileus or ileal atresia, the colon distal to the obstruction is hypoplastic, usually less than 1 cm in caliber, as development of normal colonic caliber in utero is due to the passage of meconium, which does not occur in either of these conditions. When diffusely small caliber is seen, it is referred to as microcolon. Radiographs in meconium ileus classically demonstrate a bubbly appearance in the right lower quadrant due to a combination of ingested air and meconium. If, on contrast enema, reflux into the dilated distal small bowel loops can be achieved, the study is both diagnostic and therapeutic, as the ionic contrast medium can dissolve the meconium to allow passage of enteric content into the unused colon.
If contrast cannot be refluxed into the distal small bowel, ileal atresia remains a diagnostic possibility.
With early intervention, morbidity and mortality.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.