The document provides information on excreta, sewage, and refuse disposal. It discusses the nutrients contained in human feces and urine. It describes various methods for the disposal of human excreta including pit latrines, septic tanks, and composting toilets. It also covers the treatment and reuse of sewage and graywater. The document emphasizes the importance of properly disposing of human waste to prevent disease and pollution, while highlighting the potential for waste to be used as a resource.
unit-ii health , waste disposal include Excreta disposal pptanjalatchi
disposable of excrete waste consist of definition, methods, treament of waste disoposal, summary, question, conclusion, assignment on topic given, refernces,
Human waste (or human excreta) refers to the waste products of the human digestive system, menses, and human metabolism including urine and faeces. ... Faecal sludge management is used to deal with fecal matter collected in on-site sanitation systems such as pit latrines and septic tanks.
Waste matter discharged from the body, especially feces and urine.
Human waste (Human excreta) refers to the waste products of the human digestive system and the human metabolism, namely feces and urine.
unit-ii health , waste disposal include Excreta disposal pptanjalatchi
disposable of excrete waste consist of definition, methods, treament of waste disoposal, summary, question, conclusion, assignment on topic given, refernces,
Human waste (or human excreta) refers to the waste products of the human digestive system, menses, and human metabolism including urine and faeces. ... Faecal sludge management is used to deal with fecal matter collected in on-site sanitation systems such as pit latrines and septic tanks.
Waste matter discharged from the body, especially feces and urine.
Human waste (Human excreta) refers to the waste products of the human digestive system and the human metabolism, namely feces and urine.
Sanitation is the hygienic means of preventing human contact with the multiple hazards associated with waste in order to promote health.
Some of the hazards include physical, microbiological, biological and chemical.
The most common hazards that pose health problems originate from human and animal faeces, solid waste, domestic wastewater, and industrial and agricultural waste.
To prevent the health threat posed by these wastes, engineering solutions such as sewerage and wastewater treatment and simple technologies like latrines, septic tanks or even hand washing with soap rank high.
Water-borne diseases and water-caused health problems are mostly due to inadequate and incompetent management of water resources. Sometimes the water gets contaminated at source due to various reasons and mainly due to inflow of sewage into the source.
Its an part of innovative work in science fair project in our University. I am very happy to create this slide. I think it will give a clear concept about sanitation and hygiene. And also help to differentiate among sanitation and hygiene.
Sanitation is the hygienic means of preventing human contact with the multiple hazards associated with waste in order to promote health.
Some of the hazards include physical, microbiological, biological and chemical.
The most common hazards that pose health problems originate from human and animal faeces, solid waste, domestic wastewater, and industrial and agricultural waste.
To prevent the health threat posed by these wastes, engineering solutions such as sewerage and wastewater treatment and simple technologies like latrines, septic tanks or even hand washing with soap rank high.
Water-borne diseases and water-caused health problems are mostly due to inadequate and incompetent management of water resources. Sometimes the water gets contaminated at source due to various reasons and mainly due to inflow of sewage into the source.
Its an part of innovative work in science fair project in our University. I am very happy to create this slide. I think it will give a clear concept about sanitation and hygiene. And also help to differentiate among sanitation and hygiene.
info about refuse chute for hospital area.....all standard sizes and dimention are mentioned in it....so it will be heplfull for you to design refuse chute in Hospital
The accumulation of various waste products and their indiscriminate disposal represents a grave hazard to health. Systems of waste disposal are designed to eliminate these hazards.
This is another presentation visualizing the work on Ecological Sanitation by University of Agricultural Sciences in collaboration with Arghyam Foundation.
Hi ! These 29 slides will let you learn about, Management of waste water. This PPT is created by Dhruv,Anurag and Tanish.
We hope you like this presentation and Save our planet.
Thank You JAI HIND !
ECOlogical SANitation - closing the loop between waste to food...
- Its a concept of producing food material from the waste material produced from the household ...Form of pollution management technique.
IRJET-Performance Analysis of Nutrient Removal in Pond Water Using Water Hyac...IRJET Journal
Microstrip patch antennas are increasing in popularity and get more important these days. This is mostly due to their versatility in terms of possible geometries that makes them applicable for many different situations. The light weight construction and the suitability for integration with microwave integrated circuits are two more of their numerous advantages. Additionally the simplicity of the structures makes this type of antennas suitable for low cost manufacturing. And this is also one key feature of microstrip patch antennas are used in mobile communications applications.
Thus the size reduction and bandwidth enhancement are becoming major design considerations for practical application of microstrip antennas. The purpose of this paper is to design a high bandwidth microstrip patch antenna and to compare with the former patch antennas and then proposed the better one. In this research work, we have designed the CIRCLEHEAD-shaped slotted patch antenna. Here bandwidth is obtained 40% of the center frequency which is the extremely large than the parasitic patch antenna. Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPA) are extremely attractive candidates for use in many applications due to their interesting features such as low cost, light weight, thin profile and conformability. A 3D field solver is used to simulate the performance of the proposed antenna by inputting thesizesof thephysicalstructure. Coaxial probe feeding technique is used to feed the antenna. ZelandIE3D ver14 software is used to design and simulate the proposed patch antenna.
30. Visual evidence for agricultural benefits of ecosan products urine faeces & urine none compost improved soil untreated soil after one week without water Maize (corn) Source: GTZ presentations
31. Source: Morgan (2007) without ecosan products with ecosan products The dark green colour comes from more nitrogen uptake
Average daily human excretion of nutrients. A normal stool is 75% water and 25% solid. Color is brown because of stercobilin and urobilin that comes from bilirubin. The odor is aromatic upon defecation due to indole and skatole products of fermentation and putrefaction in the large intestine. Urine: color – amber/straw, odor – aromatic upon voiding, pH is acidic
Eutrophication: “The process by which a body of water acquires a high concentration of nutrients , especially phosphates and nitrates. These typically promote excessive growth of algae. As the algae die and decompose, high levels of organic matter and the decomposing organisms deplete the water of available oxygen, causing the death of other organisms, such as fish. Eutrophication is a natural, slow-aging process for a water body, but human activity greatly speeds up the process.”
Footnote: out of 15 million households, 5 million households don’t have a sanitary toilet here in the Philippines
Hookworm’s MOT is skin penetration, .25cc of blood per hookworm causes IDA. Other intestinal parasites ascaris and trichiuris
Can used hand or garden trowel, 6-8 inches deep and 4-6 inches in diameter, then cover it with soil after defecation. Can be source of spread of diseases use only during camping or during emergency situations if there is no available toilet facility. Ideally at least 200 ft. away from water source or camping site.
Much improved version of cat-hole latrine and 1 straddle trench could accommodate 50 people in 1-3 days. More sanitary and less odorous, must be 200 ft away from water source, camp site and trail
LEVEL I. Dry material is used for cleaning, such as papers, corn husk, or corn cubs. If the pit is already full, it is closed and wait for 2 years, the contents will undergo anaerobic decomposition, also you have to consider the lifespan of the ascaris ova which is 1-1 ½ years in the meantime you will make another pit and just transfer the superstructure. After 2 years excavate all the contents, sundried it and could be used now as fertilizers or soil conditioner. One disadvantage, there is danger of you falling inside the pit, the squatting plate must be made of sturdy material
LEVEL I. Same principal with pit privy, dry materials is used for cleaning, wait for 2 years then excavate, sundried and used as fertilizer or soil conditioner. It is improved because you don’t need to squat and there is no danger of you falling inside the pit.
LEVEL I. The hole is 10-18 inches in diameter, 15-35 feet deep.
LEVEL I. Same principle with pit privy, closed if the pit is full, make another pit, wait for 2 years then excavate, sundried the content and used as fertilizer or soil conditioner. Dry materials must not be used because of danger of obstruction. During winter water-sealed latrine must not be used because water will freeze.
6-9 months of operation
Level II
In cases of obstruction the outlet is the one that is clogged effluent can not get out. Scum is a filmy layer of impure matter that forms or rises to the surface of a body of water.
Percolation- allow liquid to pass thru, Leaching – to empty drain, to remove soluble substances from percolating liquid
Nitrogen gas is slightly lighter than air and slightly soluble in water.
Primary Treatment - the simplest, and least effective, method of treatment is to allow the undissolved solids in raw sewage to settle out of suspension forming sludge. Bar screen or metal screen allows removal of gross debris such as papers, rags, wood, used condoms, sanitary napkins. Ideally the gross debris must be disposed by incineration or dumped in sanitary landfill. Grit chamber- gravel, sand and heavy materials settle out at the bottom. The solid portion will settle down and forms the sludge. In some the effluent pass from primary treatment to secondary treatment. Here the effluent is brought in contact with oxygen and aerobic microorganisms. They break down much of the organic matter to harmless substances such as carbon dioxide. After chlorination to remove its content of bacteria, the effluent from secondary treatment is returned to the local surface water.
People – no. 1 producer of waste
Garbage is waste matter arising from the preparation, cooking and consumption of food. It consists of waste food, vegetable peelings and other organic matter. Most solid waste is in the form of papers.
Recycle 1 ton of paper we are saving 17 trees. If half of the world’s paper are recycled 20 million acres of forest is conserved.
Accumulation of solid waste causes obstruction in the drainage system, we don’t want another ondoy. Increase incidence of typhoid fever, hepatitis A, and diarrheal diseases.
Trash bin containers could be made of plastic or galvanized iron but most ideal is made of hard plastic with label and cover
Any household waste that cannot be dispose to the trash bin can be disposed to the following manners…
Humus - organic substance that provides nutrients for plants and increases the ability of soil to retain water.
Dioxins – linked to cancer, developmental and reproductive disorder
Dumping is the most unsanitary method that creates public health hazards, a nuisance, and severe pollution of the environment. Dumping should be outlawed and replaced by sound procedures.
Problems of air pollution may arise even if you use state of the art incinerator