Nanorobotics involves the design, manufacturing, and control of robots on the nanoscale. Some key points: - Nanorobotics deals with manipulating objects on the nanometer scale using nano-sized robots called nanorobots. - While nanorobots have not been fully fabricated yet, scientists are researching their potential designs and control algorithms using theoretical models and simulations. - Nature provides examples of nanorobotic devices at the molecular level, like protein motors like ATP synthase and kinesin that transport materials in cells, and DNA nanodevices that use molecular recognition and self-assembly. - The control of nanorobotic systems requires mechanisms both within the nanorobots themselves and external

1. SEMINAR ONSEMINAR ON
NANOROBOTICSNANOROBOTICS
SOUMYA RANJAN BEHURASOUMYA RANJAN BEHURA

2. WHAT IS ROBOTICS???WHAT IS ROBOTICS???
In this world, the man is the most powerfulIn this world, the man is the most powerful
creation of God. It can perform many activitiescreation of God. It can perform many activities
at a single interval of time. Many scientistsat a single interval of time. Many scientists
developed a new kind of machine which candeveloped a new kind of machine which can
perform actions just like the humans. Theseperform actions just like the humans. These
were calledwere called robotsrobots. The branch of science that. The branch of science that
deals with the robots is called as robotics. Newdeals with the robots is called as robotics. New
kinds of robots are now manufactured roundkinds of robots are now manufactured round
the world nowadays.the world nowadays.

3. WHAT IS NANOROBOTICS?WHAT IS NANOROBOTICS?
The word nanorobotics comprise of two parts:The word nanorobotics comprise of two parts:
NanoNano-very small to power of 10-very small to power of 10-9-9
units andunits and
RoboticsRobotics- related to the robots.- related to the robots.
It can be defined as an emerging scientific toolIt can be defined as an emerging scientific tool
that deals with manipulation of objects withthat deals with manipulation of objects with
nanometer scale dimensions.nanometer scale dimensions.
It deals with design, manufacturing,It deals with design, manufacturing,
programming and control of nano-scale robots.programming and control of nano-scale robots.

4. MORE ABOUT NANOROBOTICSMORE ABOUT NANOROBOTICS
The first area deals with design, simulation,The first area deals with design, simulation,
control and coordination of robots in nano-control and coordination of robots in nano-
scale called as nanorobots.scale called as nanorobots.
The second area deals with manipulation and/orThe second area deals with manipulation and/or
assembly of nanoscale components withassembly of nanoscale components with
macroscale instruments.macroscale instruments.
Nowadays the nanomanipulation andNowadays the nanomanipulation and
nanoassembly play a major role in biologicalnanoassembly play a major role in biological
sciences.sciences.

5. BIONANOROBOTICS ???BIONANOROBOTICS ???
The biologically inspired nanorobots are calledThe biologically inspired nanorobots are called
as bionanorobots and the science is calledas bionanorobots and the science is called
bionanorobotics.bionanorobotics.
The main goal of biological robots is to useThe main goal of biological robots is to use
various biological elements.various biological elements.
These can be used to perform their programmedThese can be used to perform their programmed
function in response to specificfunction in response to specific
physiochemical stimuli in an artificial setting.physiochemical stimuli in an artificial setting.

6. Bio-Nanorobotics at a GlanceBio-Nanorobotics at a Glance

7. SOME NANOROBOTS AT WORKSOME NANOROBOTS AT WORK
Nanorobots helping in Nanorobots as transportNanorobots helping in Nanorobots as transport
killing germs. medium inside muscles.killing germs. medium inside muscles.

8. DESIGN, CONTROL &DESIGN, CONTROL &
SIMULATIONSIMULATION
Since nanorobots have not been fabricated,Since nanorobots have not been fabricated,
evaluating possible design and controlevaluating possible design and control
algorithms require use of theoretical estimatesalgorithms require use of theoretical estimates
and virtual environments.and virtual environments.
Many scientists are now trying research in theMany scientists are now trying research in the
field of nanorobotics such that it may curefield of nanorobotics such that it may cure
diseases and solve many health problems.diseases and solve many health problems.

9. NANOMANIPULATION ???NANOMANIPULATION ???
It is one of the biggest challenges in field ofIt is one of the biggest challenges in field of
nanotechnology.nanotechnology.
The process is carried out through electronThe process is carried out through electron
microscopy by using scanning electronmicroscopy by using scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) and transmission electronmicroscopy (SEM) and transmission electron
microscopy (TEM).microscopy (TEM).
The main difference is that in SEM, it can beThe main difference is that in SEM, it can be
resolved to nanometer scale whereas in TEM,resolved to nanometer scale whereas in TEM,
it can be resolved to Armstrong scale.it can be resolved to Armstrong scale.

10. SOME MORE METHODS :-SOME MORE METHODS :-
Apart from SEM and TEM, scientists alsoApart from SEM and TEM, scientists also
performperform SScanningcanning PProberobe MMicroscopy byicroscopy by
following the two methods :following the two methods :
i)i) Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ( STM)Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ( STM)
ANDAND
i)i) Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

11. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy :-Scanning Tunneling Microscopy :-
It comprised of a noble metal sharpened to anIt comprised of a noble metal sharpened to an
atomic sized tip.atomic sized tip.
Electron tunneling occurs when electrons drivenElectron tunneling occurs when electrons driven
by a small potential difference.by a small potential difference.
It can achieve faster imaging by operating inIt can achieve faster imaging by operating in
constant height mode.constant height mode.
The limitations are that it requires conductiveThe limitations are that it requires conductive
probe tips and samples to work properly.probe tips and samples to work properly.

12. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy :-Scanning Tunneling Microscopy :-

13. Atomic Force Microscopy :-Atomic Force Microscopy :-
Considered as a spin-off of the STM.Considered as a spin-off of the STM.
It was designed in order to view nonconductiveIt was designed in order to view nonconductive
samples giving wider applicability than STM.samples giving wider applicability than STM.
It can also image samples immersed in liquidIt can also image samples immersed in liquid
useful for biological applications.useful for biological applications.
It is based on interatomic forces.It is based on interatomic forces.
Mainly it has 3 modes of operation viz.Mainly it has 3 modes of operation viz.
Contact Mode, No-Contact Mode andContact Mode, No-Contact Mode and
Tapping Mode.Tapping Mode.

14. Atomic Force Microscopy:-Atomic Force Microscopy:-

15. Some Nature’s Nanorobotic Devices:Some Nature’s Nanorobotic Devices:
We can divide the molecular devices into threeWe can divide the molecular devices into three
broad categories:broad categories:
 Protein based devicesProtein based devices
 DNA based devicesDNA based devices
 Molecular motorsMolecular motors

16. Protein based devices:-Protein based devices:-
Mainly we can categorize these devices into twoMainly we can categorize these devices into two
groups:groups:
ATP SynthaseATP Synthase: Synthesis of ATP is done by: Synthesis of ATP is done by
an enzyme called as ATP Synthase.an enzyme called as ATP Synthase.
andand
Kinesin, Myosin, Flagella motorsKinesin, Myosin, Flagella motors: Molecular: Molecular
motors that move unidirectionally alongmotors that move unidirectionally along
protein polymers come under this category.protein polymers come under this category.

17. ATP Synthase Motors:-ATP Synthase Motors:-

18. Kinesin, Myosin, Flagella motors:-Kinesin, Myosin, Flagella motors:-

19. DNA based devices :-DNA based devices :-
There are two properties which make DNAThere are two properties which make DNA
suitable for molecular level constructions.suitable for molecular level constructions.
They are:-They are:-
 Molecular recognitionMolecular recognition
 Self-assemblySelf-assembly

20. Inorganic Molecular Machines:-Inorganic Molecular Machines:-
In the past few years, chemists have been able to create,In the past few years, chemists have been able to create,
modify and control many kinds of machines.modify and control many kinds of machines.
Most of the molecules are inorganic compounds ofMost of the molecules are inorganic compounds of
carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen.carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen.
The molecular machines which form the basis areThe molecular machines which form the basis are
rotaxanesrotaxanes andand catenanescatenanes..
Rotaxanes are compounds with two heavy chemicalRotaxanes are compounds with two heavy chemical
groups at both ends while catenanes are ring-likegroups at both ends while catenanes are ring-like
components linked by a bond.components linked by a bond.

21. Rotaxanes and Catenanes :-Rotaxanes and Catenanes :-
Rotaxane CatenaneRotaxane Catenane

22. Design of Nanorobotic Systems:-Design of Nanorobotic Systems:-
It requires the use of information from a varietyIt requires the use of information from a variety
of sciences from quantum molecular dynamicsof sciences from quantum molecular dynamics
to kinematic analysis.to kinematic analysis.
Here the nanorobots are made up of biologicalHere the nanorobots are made up of biological
components like DNAs and proteins.components like DNAs and proteins.
This type of approach can be used forThis type of approach can be used for
improvement of many protein-basedimprovement of many protein-based
nanocomponents.nanocomponents.
Hence this biocomponents seem to be a logicalHence this biocomponents seem to be a logical
choice for design.choice for design.

23. How the bionanorobots are designedHow the bionanorobots are designed

24. Design analysis of the nanorobots:-Design analysis of the nanorobots:-
Mainly the design analysis of the nanorobotsMainly the design analysis of the nanorobots
may be classified into four groups:-may be classified into four groups:-
• Collection of bio-nanocomponentsCollection of bio-nanocomponents
• Assembly of bio-nanorobotsAssembly of bio-nanorobots
• Distributive Intelligence and ControlDistributive Intelligence and Control
• Automatic fabrication and InformationAutomatic fabrication and Information
processingprocessing

25. Control of Nanorobotic Systems:-Control of Nanorobotic Systems:-
The control of nanorobotic systems can beThe control of nanorobotic systems can be
divided into two groups:divided into two groups:
 Internal Control MechanismInternal Control Mechanism
andand
 External Control MechanismExternal Control Mechanism

26. Conclusion :-Conclusion :-
Manipulating matter at molecular level andManipulating matter at molecular level and
influencing their behaviour is the biggestinfluencing their behaviour is the biggest
challenges for nanorobotic systems. This fieldchallenges for nanorobotic systems. This field
is still in early stages of development. Theis still in early stages of development. The
recent explosion of research inrecent explosion of research in
nanotechnology combined with molecularnanotechnology combined with molecular
biology have created a new interest in bio-biology have created a new interest in bio-
nanorobotic systems. The main goal in thisnanorobotic systems. The main goal in this
field is to use the biological elements.field is to use the biological elements.

27. THANK YOU !!!!THANK YOU !!!!