A part of nanotechnology. Nanosensors is very hot topic for research. As nanosensor has immense applications in the fields like medical, analysis, research etc. Nanosensor recude the cost and also the time require for analysis.

1. BY POOJA SEVAK
MSc-II
BIOTECH

2.  A particle that is able to sense a physical or
environmental property at the nanoscale known as
a NanoSensor.
 It is able to sense the properties of environmental
conditions at very small and gaseous level.

4. 1. Classification based on Structure
 Optical Nanosensors
 Electrochemical Nanosensors

5. 1. Glucose Monitoring
2. Asthma Detection
3. Microorganism Detection
 Detection of Bacteria
 Detection ofViruses
4. Cancer Diagnosis
5. Cell Monitoring

6.  The incorporation of
nanomaterials into these
sensors offers a variety of
advantages including increased
surface area, more efficient
electron transfer from enzyme
to electrode and the ability to
include additional catalytic
steps.
 Nanostructured polymers can
improve the development of
glucose sensors.

7.  This approach often involves a ‘‘smart tattoo’’ for the
patient, because sensors would be implanted into the skin of
the patient similar to regular tattoos.
 The sensors would change fluorescence properties in
response to blood glucose.
 Sensors are based on polymeric nanosensors incorporating
boronic acid derivatives to recognize glucose.
 Alizarin was used as the reporting group.
 It can track blood glucose throughout the physiological
range (from 66 mg/deciliter (dL) or 3.7 mM to 427 mg/dL or
23.7 mM)

9.  Higher surface areas (yielding larger currents and faster
responses) and improved catalytic activities.
 Continuous monitoring
 The small size of these sensors, they could potentially avoid
the foreign body response of the immune system.Therefore,
have longer useful lives.

10.  Nitric oxide level are found to be increased in asthma
patients.
 The base of surface sensor is polymer coated NanoTube
Field EffectTransistor (NTFET).
 NTFET containing a random network of single-walled carbon
nanotube between source and drain gold electrode on silicon
oxide substrate.

11.  Semiconductor nanocrystals, also known as quantum
dots (QDs)
 DNA nanosensor that detects target sequences via DNA
hybridization and fluorescence resonance energy transfer
(FRET) using QDs as energy donors.
 Aberrant DNA hypermethylation is observed at classic
tumor-suppressor genes, which are known to be genetically
mutated and cause inherited forms of cancer.

13.  The rapid & sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria can
be done using nanosensors.
 Limitation of most of conventional diagnosis lack of ultra
sensitivity and delay in getting result can be over come.
 Single bacterium can be detected.
 Eg. detection of small number of salmonella enteric bacteria
is achieved due to change in surface stress on silicon nitrate
cantiliver.

14.  FranclaGD,AlfonoB and FerraraVL (2009). Conductometric gas
nanosensors. Journal of sensors, Hindawii Publishing Corporation: 659275
 Fehr , Frommer WB and Lalonde S (2002).Visualization of maltose
uptake in living yeast cells by using fluorescent nansensors.PNAS99(15):
98469851
 Zenkl, G. and Klimant, I. (2009) Fluorescent acrylamide nanoparticles for
boronic acid based sugar sensing - from probes to sensors. Microchim.
Acta 166, 123–131
 Billingsley, K. et al. (2010) Fluorescent nano-optodes for glucose
detection. Anal. Chem. 82, 3707–3713
 http://www.me.jhu.edu/thwang/quantumdots.htm