Here this presentation is all about a quadcopter project using NAZA m-lite.

1. ------QUADCOPTERS------
X-4

2. OVERVIEW
 Introduction to UAV
 The quadcopterTheory
 Hardware implementation
 Selection of Components
 Advance Features
 Application

3. INTRODUCTION
 Unmanned AerialVehicles(UAVs) are crafts capable of flight without an on-board
pilot.
 They can be controlled remotely by an operator or can be controlled
autonomously via preprogramed flight paths.
 Quad-copter is a device with an application of MECHATRONICS and mainly on the
principle of aviation.

4. QUADTHEORY
 Quad-copter uses four propellers, each controlled by its own motor and ESC’s.
 For Hovering:
 – SUM(Fi) > m•g <=> climb
 – SUM(Fi) = m•g <=> hover
 – SUM(Fi) < m•g <=> decline

5. Direction of rotation of Motors

6.  TotalThrust=All up weight/Weight of frame

7. FLIGHT CONTROLLER
 Hobby King v1,V2.1,V3.0
 KK Board
 Dji Naza M-lite,V2

8. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
 • Quad-Board
 • Propellers
 • BLDC Motors
 • 2.4 GhzTransmitter And Receiver
 • Electronic Speed Controllers (ESC)
 • Gyroscope
 • Accelerometer
 • A Strong Base AsTo HoldThe Structure

9. MOTORS
 KV= 600-1200KV
Below 600 kv is better.
Low kv means we can swing big propeller, Big propeller means more thrust.
KV=RPM/v
EX:- 600KV motor 3s battery
600*11.1(3s battery)=6600RPM

10.  It should be support both 3s and 4s lipo battery.
 Shaft diameter = prop. Adapter
 4Motors*500gms.Thrust=2000gms.Thrust
 ->It can lift upto 1000gms.
 More watt= v*I, So more power.

11. PROPELLER
 Diameter Pitch
1. 7 *3.5
2. 8*4.5
3. 9*5
4. 10*3.8
5. 10*4.5
6. 10*6
7. 11*4.7
8. 12*3.8

12.  Diameter=Virtual Circle that propeller generate.
 Pitch=Amount of travel per revolution.
 Ex:- Motor RPM=6600RPM(No load)
Propeller attached 10*3.8
(Means per revolution it will travel 3.8 inch)
With 10 inch prop. Speed will be reduced to 3600RPM.
1min=3600RPM
1sec= 60RPS
60*3.8=228inch/sec=5.7m/sec
60*6(big prop.)=360inch/sec=9.1m/sec.
So big prop. Climb the air at more speed
5.7m/sec<9.1m/sec

13. ELECTRONICS SPEED CONTROLLER(ESC)
 It supply power from battery with respect to signal.
 It has BEC(Battery Elimination Circuit)i.e. 5v. Output from ESC that can power up
the reciver.
 Ampere rating of Esc must higher than maximum amp. Motors.
 Esc=1.2-1.5*max. rating of motor
 Ex:- 1.2*15=18Amp.
1.5*15=22.5Amp
Make sure Esc has programing facility.

14. BATTERY
 C= Discharge Rate
 Max current(A) at which battery can be discharged at particular time.
 1s=1 Cell of 3.7v
 2s=2cell in parallel*3.7=7.4v
 3s=3cell*3.7v=11.1v
 4s=4cell*3.7=14.48v
 mAh
 1000mA=1A

15.  Ex:-Motor draws 15A
3s’’11.1*15=16.6watt
4s’’14.8=222watt
 An Esc should be capable of handling 4s.
Generally we go for 3s battery.
i.e. 200mAh 40c min 60A.need.
Ex:-2200mAh 25C
2200mAh 40C
2200=2.2
.2*2.5c=55A
.2.2*40c=88A

16. THANKYOU
For Concentrating