Dna nanotechnology

Small Idea’s
Big Impact’s
Shrishaila CD(GPB) UASR

Shrishaila cd
Dept of Genetics and Plant B
DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY
SEMINAR 2
ON

Introduction
History of Nanotechnology
Nano particles
Applications of Nanotechnology
DNA Nanotechnology
DNA Nano Structures
Case Studies
Applications of DNA Nanotechnology
Conclusions

Nanotechnology
“Nanotechnology is the art and science of manipulating matter at
nanoscale”
‘Nano’ is a Greek word, means Dwarf
1 nm = 10ˉ⁹ m i.e. one billionth of a meter

Nano scale

Richard Feynman,
Father of nanotechnology
Nobel Laureate(Physics)1965
Norio Taniguchi
coined the term “Nanotechnology” (1974)
Michael Faraday
1831

(Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering, 2004)
TOP DOWN APPROACH
METHODS OF NANOPARTICLE PRODUCTION

(Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering, 2004)
BOTTOM UPAPPROACH

Properties of Nano particles
• Every substance regardless of composition exhibits new properties
when the size is reduced to nano scale
• Properties of material is changed due to quantum effect

Things behave differently in nano-world
 Carbon in the form of Graphite (i.e. pencil lead) is
soft, at the nano-scale, can be stronger than steel and
is six times lighter
 Nano-scale copper is a highly elastic metal at room
temperature, stretching to 50 times its original length
without breaking
 Shiny orange yellow Gold changes its colour to
brownish black on reducing the size
 Absorption of solar radiation in photovoltaic cells is
much higher in nanoparticles than it is in thin films
of continuous sheets of bulk material

Tools of Nanotechnology
Dendrimers
Quantumdots
Nanosensors
FullerenesCarbon Nanotubes
Nano Chips
C60
Dendrimers

Applications
Of
Nanotechnology

In Agriculture and Allied Sciences
Food science and technology
Smart packaging with Nano silicon embedded durethan polymer to enhance
the shelf life of the food materials
Seed technology
Use of carbon Nanotubes increases the germination through better penetration
of the moisture
Soil remediation
Nanotech-based soil binder called SoilSet employed to avoid soil erosion
Water treatments
magnetite (iron oxide) nanocrystals to capture and remove arsenic from
contaminated water
Agricultural Engineering Issues
Nano coating of agricultural tools to increase their resistance against wear
and corrosion Shrishaila CD(GPB) UASR

Operates like human nose &Identify different
types of odours and their concentrations
e-Nose
Medicine Cancer treatment ,Bone treatment, Drug delivery
Smaller, faster, more energy efficient and
powerful computing and other IT-based systems
Information
Technology
Advanced packaging materials, sensors
and lab-on-chips for food quality testing
Foods and
beverages

 It is the design and manufacture of artificial nucleic acid structures
for technological uses
 Also known as Nucleic Acid Nanotechnology
 DNA is the carrier of Genetic information but here used as a
structural component

History of DNA Nanotechnology
• 1964-Holliday Junction
• 1970-Sticky Ends
• 1980-DNA Nanotechnology
• 1991-first synthetic 3D DNA Nanostructure developed
• 1998-2D DNA Lattice
• 2006-2D DNA Origami developed
• 2009-3D DNA Origami developed

DNA nanotechnology was first laid out by Nadrian C Seeman in
the early 1980s
In 1991, Seeman's laboratory published a report on the first synthetic
cube made up of DNA

DNA Nanostructures

Why DNA IN NANO WORLD
• Basic Geometric and Thermodynamic properties of DNA are well known
and predictable by available software's like TILE SOFT, GenoCAD
• DNA’s Ladder like structure provides the key frame work to the
scientists
• Existence of commercially available modifying enzymes
• Persistent length of DNA is about 500Å
• Self assembly property of DNA makes easy to construct the variety of
structures in a predictable manner
• Shapes of DNA nanostructures can be controllable
• Synthesis of SsDNA is less expensive
• Assembled structures can be characterized by various techniques like
AFM,TEM,CryoEM

Construction of DNA Nanostructures
Mainly by using the following motifs
• Stem loop(Hair pin) structure
• Sticky ends
• Holliday Junction

Unpaired region occur in Ss DNA or RNA
The structure is also known as a hairpin or hairpin loop

Sticky ends
• An overhang is a stretch of unpaired nucleotides in the end of a DNA
molecule
• These overhangs are in most cases Palindromic
• Sticky ends are often used to combine two DNA nanostructures
together via hybridization of their complementary SsDNA

Holliday junction
• Robin Holliday proposed its existence in 1964
• Two parallel DNA helices form a junction with one strand of each
DNA helix crossing over to the other DNA helix

DNA Lattice
A DNA tile is a DNA nanostructure that has a number of
sticky ends on its sides, which are termed pads
A DNA lattice is a DNA nanostructure composed of a
group of DNA tiles that are assembled together via
hybridization of their pads
Winfree, Yang and Seeman (1996) developed a family
of DNA tiles known collectively as DX tiles

DNA Cube
• It is the first 3D DNA Structure
• DNA Axes connected to form the cube
• Each edge of the cube has 2 molecules
of dsDNA which are connected to
each other
• It contains 6 different strands

DNA Origami
• Rothemund used the 5
SsDNA of M13 Phage 2006
• In 2009 Anderson et al.
Extended to 3D Origami
• It is the nanoscale folding
of SsDNA to create non-
arbitrary two- and three-
dimensional shapes
• SARSE software is using for
developing the structure Shrishaila CD(GPB) UASR

• Double cross over arrays can be
folded to form the DNA Nanotubes
• Can be made in to rings and spirals
• Potential use in the fields of
Drug delivery
Gene therapy
Electronic circuits

• By shih, Quispe & joyce 2004
• By folding the five 40bp synthetic Ss DNA using a wire frame
structures

Case studies

Fabrication of DNA nanotubes using origami-based
nanostructures with sticky ends
Mohammad Mousavi-Khattat ,Adele Rafati ,Pooria Gill
5th February 2015
Objective:- Fabrication of DNA nanotubes using a minimum numbers of
staple oligomers for DNA origami

Materials and methods
M13mp18 phage genome caDNAno
S1 CCAACGTGCAGGTCATTCGTA
S2 CACTATTCCGGTTCATGGTCG
S3 TTCCAGTTCCCTTAAGCAGGC
S4 GAGATAGGGTTGACGCGCGGGGAGAGGCGGT
S5 ACGGCCAGTGCCTGTTTCCTG
S6 CATGCCTCAAAGGGGCGCTCA
S7 GAGGATCAAAGAACGTCGGGA
S8 GGCAAAATTGGAACGCTGCAT
S9 ATCATGGGCTCACAAATGAGTGAGCTAACTCAC
S10 GGTACCGACGAGCCAGTGTAA
S11 GAAAATCTTGCCCTCACCAGT
S12 AGCGGTCCACGCTGGTTGAGAGACGCCAGG

S13 TGTGAAATTGTTATCCTCATAGCAAGCTTG
S14 ACAACATAGCTCGAGACTCTA
S15 CAGCTGACTGTTTGCGAAATC
S16 CTGGCCCTTGCCCCTAAATCAAAAGAATAGCCC
S17 AGCCTGGCTTTCCAGTGGACT
S18 GAGACGGCGTGCCAAAGAGTC
S19 GTGGTTTTCGGCCAAGTGTTG
S20 TTGCGTATTGGGGTTGCAGCA
S21 ATTAATTGCGTTCGAAAAACCGTCTATCACG
S22 CTGCCCGGGTGCCTATTCCAC
S23 AACCTGTGCCATAAGGAAGAA
S24 TAATGAATTCTTTTTCACCGC

Results
TEM Image

STM Image

Self-assembled aptamer-tethered DNA nanotrains for
targeted transport of molecular drugs
in cancer theranostics
Guizhi Zhu, Jing Zheng, Erqun Song, Michael Donovan, Kejing Zhang,
Chen Liu, and Weihong Tana
May 14, 2013

Materials and Methods
Preparation of sgc8–NTrs and Drug Loading into Nanotrains
M1:- 5’CGTCGTGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAACGGCTTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGC3’
M2:-5’TGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCACGACGGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAAGCCGT3’
Sgc8 :-5’ATCTAACTGCTGCGCCGCCGGGAAAATACTGTACGGTTAGA3’
Sgc8–trigger
5’TGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCACGACGTTTATCTAACTGCTGCGCCGCCGGG3’
5 NOD.Cg-Prkdc (scid) IL2 mice were
purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and
maintained under pathogen Free conditions

Guizhi Zhu et al. PNAS 2013;110:7998-8003

Guizhi Zhu et al. PNAS 2013;110:7998-8003Shrishaila CD(GPB) UASR

ATOMCALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
In March 2004, ETC Group reported on a nanotech research initiative in
Thailand
That aims to atomically modify the characteristics of local rice varieties.
Researchers “drilled” a hole through the membrane of a rice cell in order
to insert a nitrogen atom that would stimulate the rearrangement of the
rice’s DNA.

Researchers have been able
to alter the colour of a local
rice variety from purple to
green Named as BKOS6
Thai jasmine rice (Oryza sativa L.
cv.KDML 105) Rice embryos
bombarded with N++N2+ ions at
an energy level of 60 keV
and ion fluence of 2×1016
ions/cm2

HAT-RAPD was applied for analysis of genomic variation in the mutant
out Of 10 primers,
two primers detected two additional DNA bands at 450 bp and 400 bp.
Indicates presence of amino acid sequence of flavanoids

Applications of DNA Nanotechnology

DNA is the best nano wire in existence
BCZ..
1. It can self assemble
2. It can self replicate
3. It can adopt various states and
conformations
Rapid Disease Detection using the DNA
Nanotubes
And Molecular treatment

Wide range of uses ranging from
building blocks to robotics
DNA Robotics
Used in making much smaller microchips than
the current semiconductor fabrication
technology
DNA Nanochips

DNA
Computers
DNA can be used to make
computers instead of
silicon.
• Maya-II is an example.
DNA Sensors
made to detect any metal
• Much faster than traditional test
for lead and mercury

DNA
Walkers
DNA nanotechnology can be
used to create walking bipedal
nano robots
• The walkers move on a DNA
track
Protein structure determination
NANO Mosquitoes
Used in militaries

NANO In INDIA
• The Department of Science and Technology has a plan called Nano
Mission. It promotes basic research, infrastructure development,
nano-applications and technology development, human resource
development, and international collaborations. And it is headed by
BHARATH RATNA Dr. C N R RAO
• The Department of Electronics and Information Technology
focuses on nano electronics and technology development and on
nanofabrication.

Two centres in India focusing on development of nanotechnology were
established in
BENGALURU and MUMBAI
• India is among the top ten publishing countries in this area with rise in
9.1%in the past ten years
• In 2013 , 87 patents in nanotechnology were published by Indian assignees

Future work

Conclusions
Inaugurating the Global Forum On Agricultural Research(GFAR)Triennial conference –New Delhi
2006 ,President Dr. A.P.J ABDUL KALAM Focussed on the Nanotechnology as
the new technology that must be applied in Agriculture and Food industry

Dna nanotechnology

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