Hereditary spherocytosis is an inherited condition related to RBC destruction. its diagnosis is require to differentiate immune hemolytic anemia and G-6-P-D deficiency anemia
Aplastic anemia is one of the stem cell disorder which leads to pancytopenia in the peripheral blood and decrease production of all cell line in bone marrow. it require bone marrow transplantation to cure the patient.
Different types of vasculitis have characteristic patterns of blood vessel involvement.However vasculitis is a systemic illness.The symptoms of vasculitis depend on the particular blood vessels that are involved by the inflammatory process
Hereditary spherocytosis is an inherited condition related to RBC destruction. its diagnosis is require to differentiate immune hemolytic anemia and G-6-P-D deficiency anemia
Aplastic anemia is one of the stem cell disorder which leads to pancytopenia in the peripheral blood and decrease production of all cell line in bone marrow. it require bone marrow transplantation to cure the patient.
Different types of vasculitis have characteristic patterns of blood vessel involvement.However vasculitis is a systemic illness.The symptoms of vasculitis depend on the particular blood vessels that are involved by the inflammatory process
definition of malnutrition, the definition of protein-energy malnutrition , the etiology 0f protein-energy malnutrition, the pathophysiology of malnutrition, features of marasmus, features of kwashiorkor, vitamins and micronutrient deficiencies, signs of micronutrients deficiency, diagnosis, management of malnutrition,prognosis of malnutrition ,prevention of malnutrition
Definition of erythema infectiosum, the causative factor, clinical presentation, the three stages of rash, the slipped cheek, the sequences of the rash, the diagnosis of the fifth disease, the differential diagnosis of fifth disease, the treatment of erythema infectiosum, the prognosis of fifth disease , congenital erythema infectiosum, the complications of fifth disease , Human parvovirus B19
What is kingella kingae bacterium,features of K. kingae,Species of Kingella,epidemiology of k. kingae,Proposed pathogenesis of K. kingae infections,Transmission of k. kingae ,Pathegenesis of k. kingae,diagnosis ,NAAT for k.kingae ,treatment of k.kingae,prevension ,osteomyelitis due to k,kingae.endocarditis due to k.kingae,Septic Arthritis due to k. kingae,Spondylodiscitis due to k. kingae, prevention of k. kingae infection
What is congenital nephrotic syndrome ,what is the definition of congenital nephrotic syndrome,what is the inheritance,what are the responsible genes ,what are the types of congenital nephrotic syndrome,what is the presentation ,diagnosis ,and treatment of congenital nephrotic syndrome, primary type and secondary type of congenital nephrotic syndrome
What is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, what is the prevalence among children ,the definition of NAFLD,What are the relationship between obesity and over weight with the development of NAFLD,what are the sequences ,what is NASH,Who are at risk , How to diagnosis NAFLD what is the differential diagnosis ,what is the treatment
#what is listeriosis #,listeria monocytoges ,#what is the mode of transmission,#food-born infection ,#vertical infection ,#early and late onset ,#meningitis و#Sepsis ;#Early vs.Late onset neonatal listeriosis ,diagnosis of neonatal listeriosis ,treatment of neonatal listeriosis ,prevention of neonatal listeriosis
What is achondroplasia, definition , etiology ,types of dwarfism , genetic background,clinical presentations ,history and clinical examination , differential diagnosis ,diagnostic tests ,radiological findings ,CT scan and MRI , Medical care and role of growth hormone ,Surgical care and consultation,
Definition of neonatal sepsis,type of neonatal sepsis ,early onset neonatal sepsis,late onset neonatal sepsis,Pathophysiology of neonatal sepsis,,sign and symptoms of neonatal sepsis, diagnosis of neonatal sepsis,management of neonatal sepsis, antibiotic used for neonatal sepsis,prevention of neonatal sepsis, prognosis of neonatal sepsis ,and A summary
What is bronchiolitis and its definition, the age group, signs and symptoms and clinical presentation The clinical practice guidelines, how to diagnosis, clinical criteria, what are the severity degrees and How to assess the severity, what are the investigations that may be needed, Is there any diagnostic test, what is the prognosis
What is the management,
What is your knowledge regarding electrical burn in children,types of electrical burns in children.,characteristic features of each type ,minor electrical burn , high -voltage electrical burn ,lightning electrical burn what are the clinical presentations and management ,cardiac complication of electrical burn,neurological complication of electrical burn , cutaneous and oral complication ,masculoskeletal complication and ocular and renal complications
what is community acquired pneumonia(CAP),what is the prevalence of (CAP) ,what are the risk factors and what are the causative agents ,what are the clinical presentations ,how to diagnose it,what are the needed investigations ,what is the management ,what are the procedures to decrease the incidence,
definition what is FPIES, what it defers from other food allergy, what are the signs and symptoms ,what are the different types of food allergy ,how to diagnose FPIES ,what are the oral food challenge (OFC) ,what is the treatment , the prognosis of FPIES
What is influenza ,ethology ,types ,presentations signs and symptoms ,epidemic influenza ,laboratory investigations , management , the WHO guidelines in dealing with cases and contact
What is Fifth disease, what is erythema infectiosum What is the causative factor, pathophysiology ,clinical presentation ,diagnosis ,laboratory investigations ,treatment , precautions and prognosis ,
حساسية الجلد ماهي فوائد الجلد ماهي الحساسية ماهي انواع حساسية الجلد ماهي العوامل التي تؤدي لحدوث الحساسية ماهي انواع الحساسية ماهي اعراض الحساسية ماهي طرق الوقاية من الحساسية ماهو علاج الحساسية
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Colonic and anorectal physiology with surgical implications
Sarcoidosis
1. Sarcoidosis
Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
Senior Pediatric Consultant
Head of Pediatric Department
Khorfakkan Hospital, Sharjah ,UAE
saadsalani@yahoo.com
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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Khorfakkan .Sharjah ,UAE
2. Sarcoidosis
• A chronic multisystem granulomatous
disease of unknown cause
• Occurs most frequently in young adults but
can occur during childhood.
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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3. Etiology
• The etiology remains obscure.
• ? alteration to the immune response after
exposure to an
environmental, occupational, or infectious
agent
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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4. Epidemiology
•Involving all ethnic groups
• Familial clustering of this disease has been
observed
•? genetic predisposition;
•Mode of inheritance is unclear
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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5. Cont.
•The noncaseating granuloma contain:
* Epithelioid cells * Macrophages
* Giant cells
in the center
Surrounded by a mixture of :
* Monocytes * Lymphocytes
*Fibroblasts.
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6. Cont.
•Activated lymphocytes and macrophages
within the granulomas release various
mediators including :
* Interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2
* Interferon
* Other cytokines
to promote and maintain granulomatous
lesions
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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7. Cont.
•During active disease, lymphocytes in the
granulomas are predominantly helper T
(CD4) lymphocytes.
•These lesions usually heal with complete
preservation of the parenchyma
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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8. Cont.
•In approximately 20% of the
lesions, fibroblasts proliferate at the
periphery of the granuloma and may
produce fibrotic scar tissue
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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9. Cont.
•Macrophages within sarcoidosis granulomas
produce and secrete 1,25-(OH)2-D3,
•Excess vitamin D results in hypercalcemia
and hypercalciuria in patients with
sarcoidosis.
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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10. Signs and symptomsof sarcoidosis
Signs and symptoms of sarcoidosis
•
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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11. Few small follicles in
•
the inferior palpebral
conjunctiva of the
right eye with
sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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12. Pulmonary involvement
* Parenchymal infiltrates
* Miliary nodules
* Hilar and paratracheal
lymphadenopathy
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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13. Chest x ray showing the typical nodularity of
sarcoidosis in the base of the lungs.
http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/ac
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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14. Sarcoidosis in a white 10-yr-old girl
There are:
1.Widely disseminated
peribronchial infiltrations
2.Multiple small nodular
densities
3.Hyperaeration of the lungs
4.Hilar lymphadenopathy.
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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15. CT scan of the chest
•
lymphadenopathy (arrows) in mediastinum due
to sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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16. Cont.
•Pulmonary function tests show
restrictive changes.
•Peripheral lymphadenopathy
• Eye changes consisting of uveitis or
iritis
• Skin lesions
• Hepatic involvement
12/7/2012 Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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Khorfakkan .Sharjah ,UAE
17. Cont.
•Children younger than 4 yr old may have a
distinct form of sarcoidosis consisting of:
1. Maculopapular erythematosus rash
2.Uveitis
3.Arthritis (large, painless, boggy synovial
effusions of the tendon sheaths with little
limitation of motion.)
Minimal to no pulmonary changes.
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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18. Diagnosis
•There are no specific diagnostic tests.
*↑erythrocyte sedimentation rate
* Hyperproteinemia
* Hypercalcemia
* Hypercalciuria
* Eosinophilia
* ↑ angiotensin-converting enzyme
level
are common
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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19. Kveim test
* Consisting of intradermal injection of
material from a sarcoid lesion and
observation for the formation of a
granuloma several weeks later
* Is used infrequently because of the
difficulty in obtaining standardized test
material and reports of varying
sensitivity and specificity of the test.
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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20. Sarcoidosis in
a lymph node
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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21. Asteroid body
in sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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22. Micrograph showing
pulmonary sarcoidosis
with granulomas witha
steroid bodies, H&E
stain
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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23. Gross pathology image
Sarcoidosis with
honeycombing:
Prominent
honeycombing is present
in the lower lobes
accompanied by fibrosis
and some honeycombing
in the upper lungs.
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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24. Cont.
• Significant eye disease and renal damage
from hypercalciuria can occur without
symptoms
•All patients with sarcoidosis should be
evaluated at the initial presentation and
monitored at regular intervals for evidence
of ocular disease and hypercalciuria.
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
12/7/2012 24
Khorfakkan .Sharjah ,UAE
25. Differential Diagnosis
Includes:
* Tuberculosis
* Pulmonary mycoses (histoplasmosis,
blastomycosis, and coccidioidomycosis)
* Lymphoma
* Crohn disease
* Inflammatory ocular lesions such as
phlyctenular conjunctivitis
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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26. Treatment
•Treatment is symptomatic and supportive
•Corticosteroids may suppress the acute
manifestations, especially the:
*Inflammatory ocular lesions
*Progressive pulmonary disease
*Hypercalcemia/hypercalciuria.
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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27. Cont.
•Methotrexate may be considered in severe
cases that are unresponsive to corticosteroid
therapy
•Eye involvement may lead to blindness;
therefore, therapy with topical corticosteroids
with careful monitoring is warranted.
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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28. Prognosis
•Spontaneous recovery may occur after a
prolonged illness of several months to
several years, or the condition may be
chronic, with progressive lung disease
•Pulmonary function tests are useful in
following the progress of lung
involvement
•Angiotensin-converting enzyme levels
have been shown to correlate with disease
activity.
12/7/2012 Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 28
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29. References
•Polito C, LaManna A, Cioce F, et al:
Clinical presentation and natural
course of idiopathic hypercalciuria in
children. Pediatr Nephrol 2000;
15:211-14.
•Vachvanichsanong P, Malagon
M, Moore ES: Recurrent abdominal
and flank pain in children with
idiopathic hypercalciuria. Acta
Paediatr 2001; 90:643-48.
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
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30. Cont.
• Gandhi N, Oetting TA, Kirby P:
Ocular Sardoidosis: A systems-based
approach to diagnosis and treatment.
EyeRounds.org. November 5, 2007;
•Verschueren K, Van Essche
E, Verschueren P, Taelman
V, Westhovens R (November 2007).
"Development of sarcoidosis in
etanercept-treated rheumatoid arthritis
patients". Clin. Rheumatol. 26 (11):
Sarcoidosis Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
12/7/2012 1969–71. Khorfakkan .Sharjah ,UAE 30
31. Cont.
•Stokes MB, Foster K, Markowitz GS (July 2005).
"Development of glomerulonephritis during anti-
TNF-alpha therapy for rheumatoid
arthritis". Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 20 (7): 1400–6.
•National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: DCI
Home: Lung Diseases: Sarcoidosis: Signs &
SymptomsRetrieved on May 9, 2009
•Joanne Mambretti (2004). "Chest X-ray Stages of
Sarcoidosis". Journal of Insurance Medicine: 91-92.
Retrieved June 3, 2012.
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