What is your knowledge regarding electrical burn in children,types of electrical burns in children.,characteristic features of each type ,minor electrical burn , high -voltage electrical burn ,lightning electrical burn what are the clinical presentations and management ,cardiac complication of electrical burn,neurological complication of electrical burn , cutaneous and oral complication ,masculoskeletal complication and ocular and renal complications
definition of malnutrition, the definition of protein-energy malnutrition , the etiology 0f protein-energy malnutrition, the pathophysiology of malnutrition, features of marasmus, features of kwashiorkor, vitamins and micronutrient deficiencies, signs of micronutrients deficiency, diagnosis, management of malnutrition,prognosis of malnutrition ,prevention of malnutrition
Definition of erythema infectiosum, the causative factor, clinical presentation, the three stages of rash, the slipped cheek, the sequences of the rash, the diagnosis of the fifth disease, the differential diagnosis of fifth disease, the treatment of erythema infectiosum, the prognosis of fifth disease , congenital erythema infectiosum, the complications of fifth disease , Human parvovirus B19
definition of malnutrition, the definition of protein-energy malnutrition , the etiology 0f protein-energy malnutrition, the pathophysiology of malnutrition, features of marasmus, features of kwashiorkor, vitamins and micronutrient deficiencies, signs of micronutrients deficiency, diagnosis, management of malnutrition,prognosis of malnutrition ,prevention of malnutrition
Definition of erythema infectiosum, the causative factor, clinical presentation, the three stages of rash, the slipped cheek, the sequences of the rash, the diagnosis of the fifth disease, the differential diagnosis of fifth disease, the treatment of erythema infectiosum, the prognosis of fifth disease , congenital erythema infectiosum, the complications of fifth disease , Human parvovirus B19
What is kingella kingae bacterium,features of K. kingae,Species of Kingella,epidemiology of k. kingae,Proposed pathogenesis of K. kingae infections,Transmission of k. kingae ,Pathegenesis of k. kingae,diagnosis ,NAAT for k.kingae ,treatment of k.kingae,prevension ,osteomyelitis due to k,kingae.endocarditis due to k.kingae,Septic Arthritis due to k. kingae,Spondylodiscitis due to k. kingae, prevention of k. kingae infection
What is congenital nephrotic syndrome ,what is the definition of congenital nephrotic syndrome,what is the inheritance,what are the responsible genes ,what are the types of congenital nephrotic syndrome,what is the presentation ,diagnosis ,and treatment of congenital nephrotic syndrome, primary type and secondary type of congenital nephrotic syndrome
What is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, what is the prevalence among children ,the definition of NAFLD,What are the relationship between obesity and over weight with the development of NAFLD,what are the sequences ,what is NASH,Who are at risk , How to diagnosis NAFLD what is the differential diagnosis ,what is the treatment
#what is listeriosis #,listeria monocytoges ,#what is the mode of transmission,#food-born infection ,#vertical infection ,#early and late onset ,#meningitis و#Sepsis ;#Early vs.Late onset neonatal listeriosis ,diagnosis of neonatal listeriosis ,treatment of neonatal listeriosis ,prevention of neonatal listeriosis
What is achondroplasia, definition , etiology ,types of dwarfism , genetic background,clinical presentations ,history and clinical examination , differential diagnosis ,diagnostic tests ,radiological findings ,CT scan and MRI , Medical care and role of growth hormone ,Surgical care and consultation,
Definition of neonatal sepsis,type of neonatal sepsis ,early onset neonatal sepsis,late onset neonatal sepsis,Pathophysiology of neonatal sepsis,,sign and symptoms of neonatal sepsis, diagnosis of neonatal sepsis,management of neonatal sepsis, antibiotic used for neonatal sepsis,prevention of neonatal sepsis, prognosis of neonatal sepsis ,and A summary
What is bronchiolitis and its definition, the age group, signs and symptoms and clinical presentation The clinical practice guidelines, how to diagnosis, clinical criteria, what are the severity degrees and How to assess the severity, what are the investigations that may be needed, Is there any diagnostic test, what is the prognosis
What is the management,
what is community acquired pneumonia(CAP),what is the prevalence of (CAP) ,what are the risk factors and what are the causative agents ,what are the clinical presentations ,how to diagnose it,what are the needed investigations ,what is the management ,what are the procedures to decrease the incidence,
definition what is FPIES, what it defers from other food allergy, what are the signs and symptoms ,what are the different types of food allergy ,how to diagnose FPIES ,what are the oral food challenge (OFC) ,what is the treatment , the prognosis of FPIES
What is influenza ,ethology ,types ,presentations signs and symptoms ,epidemic influenza ,laboratory investigations , management , the WHO guidelines in dealing with cases and contact
What is Fifth disease, what is erythema infectiosum What is the causative factor, pathophysiology ,clinical presentation ,diagnosis ,laboratory investigations ,treatment , precautions and prognosis ,
حساسية الجلد ماهي فوائد الجلد ماهي الحساسية ماهي انواع حساسية الجلد ماهي العوامل التي تؤدي لحدوث الحساسية ماهي انواع الحساسية ماهي اعراض الحساسية ماهي طرق الوقاية من الحساسية ماهو علاج الحساسية
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Colonic and anorectal physiology with surgical implications
Electrical burns in children
1. Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani
Senior pediatric consultant
Head of Pediatric Department
Khorfakkan Hospital
Sharjah , UAE
anahbaghdad@gmail.com
Electrical Burns in
children
06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 1
3. Q1.How does electricity move from one place to
another?
a. Electricity travels through the air.
b. Electricity travels through conductors.
c. Electricity only travels through electrical wires.
06/07/2019
Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al
Ani 3
An electrical safety quiz?
5. True or false:
Q2.Low voltage = Low hazard
a. True
b. False
06/07/2019
Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al
Ani 5
6. 06/07/2019
Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al
Ani 6
https://www.canstockphoto.com/do-not-leave-kids-alone-4636702.html
7. True or false:
Q3. You are more likely to experience an
electric shock if you touch an electrical
object with wet hands.
a. True
b. False
06/07/2019
Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al
Ani 7
9. True or false:
Q4. Is it safe to run an extension cord
under a carpet or along a baseboard for
permanent use?
a. True
b. False
06/07/2019
Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al
Ani 9
10. 06/07/2019
Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al
Ani 10
http://www.thinkstockphotos.in/image/stock-illustration-vector-illustration-of-kid-with/935702422
11. Q5. If a friend receives a severe electric shock
from an electrical appliance in your home,
what should your first response be?
a. Grab the appliance and throw it aside so that
you can tend to your friend.
b. Run to the circuit breaker and turn off the
main switch.
c. Use a wooden broomstick to push the
appliance away safely.
06/07/2019
Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al
Ani 11
12. 06/07/2019
Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al
Ani 12
http://www.bipps.org/now-admit-no-electric-circuit-coverage-nextgen-science-standards/
13. Q6. If you are doing an outdoor painting or roofing
project and there are power lines nearby, how
much space should there be between you and the
power lines in order for you to stay safe?
a. You, your tools and ladders should be at least 10
feet away from the power lines.
b. You, your tools and ladders should be at least 20
feet away from the power lines.
c. You don’t have to worry about it because power
lines are insulated, so you won’t get shocked.
06/07/2019
Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al
Ani 13
14. 06/07/2019
Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al
Ani 14
https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photos-man-electrocuted-image20443763
15. Introduction
06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 15
3 Types of electrical burns
1.Minor electrical burns
2.Electrical wire burns
3.Lightning burns
16. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 16
Minor electrical burns
Usually occur as a result of biting
on an extension cord
Produce localized burns to the
mouth
18. 06/07/2019
Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al
Ani 18
https://safety.lovetoknow.com/Electrical_Safety_Tips_for_Children
19. 06/07/2019
Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al
Ani 19
https://www.phase1electricalservices.co.uk/advice/how-keep-children-safe-electrical-danger
20. Electrical Burn on Mouth. Shown is an electrical burn caused by a
110-volt household current. The injury resulted from the patient's
sucking on an extension plug
06/07/2019
Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al
Ani 20
21. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 21
Minor electrical burns (Cont.)
Usually involve the portion of upper
and lower lips
May involve or spare corners of the
mouth
22. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 22
Minor electrical burns (Cont.)
They are nonconductive injury
Hospitalization is not necessary
23. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 23
Minor electrical burns (Cont.)
Care is focused on the area of the
injury visible on the mouth
Ensuring it is low voltage and does
not cause entry and exit wounds or
cardiac issues
24. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 24
Minor electrical burns (Cont.)
Treatment:
Topical antibiotic creams
Referral to burn unit in the
outpatient department if needed
25. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 25
High-tension electrical wire burns
Result from high voltage(>1,000 V)
Occur at high-voltage instillations
Mortality rate for children who arrive
to the hospital :3 -15 %
26. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 26
High-tension electrical wire burns
(Cont.)
Deep muscle injury is typical and
can’t be readily assessed initially
Survivors have a high rate of
morbidity including major limb
amputations
27. Combination of contact and flash burn .Involvement of
head and neck in high voltage injuries
06/07/2019
Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al
Ani 27
28. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 28
High-tension electrical wire burns
(Cont.)
Points of entry of current through the
skin and the exit site show
characteristic features
Majority of entrance wounds in upper
extremity with small exit wounds in
the lower extremity
29. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 29
High-tension electrical wire burns
(Cont.)
The electrical path takes the shortest
distance between the 2 points
May produce injury in any organ or
tissue in the path of the current
30. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 30
High-tension electrical wire burns
(Cont.)
Damage to:
- abdominal viscera
- thoracic structures
- the nervous system
can happen
31. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 31
High-tension electrical wire burns
(Cont.)
Cardiac abnormalities manifested as
ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest are
common
Initial ECG and cardiac monitoring until
stable is essential
Higher risk patients have:
+ abnormal ECG
+ history of loss of consciousness
32. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 32
High-tension electrical wire burns
(Cont.)
Renal damage
Results from deep muscle necrosis
myoglobinuria
Need forced alkaline diuresis
33. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 33
High-tension electrical wire burns
(Cont.)
Compartment syndrome
Results from soft tissue injury of an
extremity
Aggressive removal of all dead tissues
is the key to effective treatment
Early debridement facilitates early
closure of the wound
34. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 34
Lightning burns
Occur when:
High-voltage current directly strikes
a person ( most dangerous)
The current strikes the ground or an
adjacent (in-contact) object.
36. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 36
Lightning burns (Cont.)
Depend on:
The current path
The type of clothing worn
The presence of metal
Cutaneous moisture
38. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 38
Lightning burns (Cont.)
Entry, exit and path lesions are
possible
The prognosis is poorest for
lesions of the head or legs
Internal organ injury along the
path is common
39. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 39
Lightning burns (Cont.)
Linear burns are in the locations
where sweat is present
Feathering or arborescent patterns,
is characteristic
Ignition of clothing can produce
serious cutaneous burns
40. 06/07/2019
Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al
Ani 40
https://sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com/2011/04/28/the-science-and-myths-behind-lightning-strikes/
41. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 41
Lightning burns (Cont.)
Internal complications include:
Cardiac arrest (caused by asystole)
Transient hypertension
Premature ventricular contractions
Ventricular fibrillation
Myocardial ischemia
42. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 42
Lightning burns (Cont.)
CNS complications include:
Cerebral edema Mood changes
Hemorrhage Depression
Seizures Paralysis of lower
extremities
43. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 43
Lightning burns (Cont.)
Other complications include:
Rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria
Renal failure
Ocular manifestations include:
Vitreous hemorrhage
Iridocyclitis
Retinal tearing or retinal detachment
44. Electrical injury :
Clinical manifestations and
management
06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 44
45. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 45
General: Management
1. Extricate the patient
• Perform ABCs of resuscitation
• Immobilize the spine if an injury is
suspected
2. Obtain history: voltage, type of current
3. Obtain CBC ,platelet counts ,electrolytes,
BUN, creatinine and glucose
46. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 46
Cardiac manifestations
• Dysrhythmias
Asystole Premature atrial
contractions
Ventricular
fibrillation
Premature ventricular
contractions
Sinus tachycardia Conductive defects
Sinus bradycardia Atrial fibrillation
St-T wave changes
47. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 47
Cardiac management
• Treat dysrhythmias
• Provide cardiac monitor, ECG, and
radiographs (suspect thoracic injury)
• Perform creatinine phosphokinase
with isoenzyme measurements if
indicated
48. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 48
Pulmonary manifestations
• Respiratory arrest
• Acute respiratory distress
• Aspiration syndrome
49. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 49
Pulmonary management
• Protect and maintain the airway
• Provide mechanical ventilation if
indicated
• Chest radiograph
• Arterial blood gas levels
50. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 50
Renal manifestations
• Acute kidney injury
• Myoglobinuria
51. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 51
Renal management
• Provide aggressive fluid management unless
central nervous system injury is present
• Maintain adequate urine output :> 1 ml/kg/hr.
• Consider central venous or pulmonary artery
pressure monitoring
• Measure urine myoglobin
• Perform urinalysis
• Measure BUN , creatinine
52. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 52
Electrical injury : Neurologic
manifestations & management
53. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 53
Immediate neurologic effect
Manifestations
• loss of consciousness
• Motor paralysis
• Visual disturbance
• Amnesia
• Agitation
• Intracranial hematoma
Management
• Treat seizures
• Provide fluid restriction if indicated
54. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 54
Secondary neurologic effect
Manifestations
• Pain
• Paraplegia
• Brachial plexus injury
• Syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone secretion
• Autonomic disturbance
• Cerebral edema
Management
• Consider spine radiographs and MRI
especially cervical
55. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 55
Delayed neurologic effect
Manifestations
• Paralysis
• seizures
• Headache
• Peripheral neuropathy
Management
• Perform CT or MRI scan of the
brain if indicated
56. Electrical injury :cutaneous /oral
manifestations
06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 56
57. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 57
Cutaneous /oral manifestations:1
Manifestations
• Oral commissure burns
• Tongue and dental injuries
• Skin burns resulting from ignition of clothes
• Entrance and exit burns
• Arc burns
58. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 58
Cutaneous /oral manifestations:1
Management
• Search for the entrance and exit wounds
• Treat cutaneous burns
• Determine patient’s tetanus status
• Obtain consultation for plastic surgery
of ear ,nose ,and throat, if indicated
59. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 59
Cutaneous /oral manifestations:2
Manifestations
• Electrical burns to mouth could include
oral commissures and lips
• Low-voltage electrical burns secondary to
high conductivity of saliva
60. 06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 60
Cutaneous /oral manifestations:2
Management
• Ensure no entry or exit wounds and no cardiac
involvement
• Confirm all injuries are localised
• Management is observation until eschar
sloughs off and granulation tissue fills in
• Obtain plastic surgeon evaluation after first
healing usually with scar formation
61. Electrical injury :abdominal
manifestations and management
06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 61
Clinical manifestations Management
• Viscus perforation and
solid-organ damage
• Ileus
• Abdominal injury rare
without visible
abdominal burns
• Place nasogastric tube if
patient has airway
compromise or ileus
• Obtain serum ALT,AST
,amylase ,BUN and
creatinine
measurements and CT
scans as indicated
62. Electrical injury :Musculoskeletal
manifestations
06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 62
Clinical manifestations Management
• Compartment syndrome
from subcutaneous
necrosis and deep burn
• Monitor patient for
possible compartment
syndrome
• Long bone fractures ,
spine injuries
• Obtain radiographs and
orthopedic / genera;
surgery consultations as
indicated
63. Electrical injury :ocular
manifestations
06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 63
Clinical manifestations Management
• Visual changes
• Optic neuritis
• Cataracts
• Extraocular muscle
paresis
Obtain an
ophthalmology
consultation as
indicated
64. Answers to An electrical safety quiz
Q1. B: Electricity travels through conductors such as
metal, concrete, water, wet wood, and even people.
Q2. B: The longer a person is exposed to an electrical
shock, the more dangerous the situation becomes. A low-
voltage electrocution for a mere 3 seconds can do the
same amount of damage as a high-voltage electrocution
does in 0.03 seconds. Either way, human bodies are
damaged by electric voltage - high or low - so please be
careful.
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Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al
Ani 64
65. Answers to An electrical safety quiz
(Cont.)
Q3. A: Water is a good conductor of electricity, which
means that wet hands can conduct electricity from the
electrical object into your body. Use extreme caution when
doing electrical work around water or in wet conditions.
Q4. B: No. An extension cord that is covered by carpeting
can overheat and cause a fire. Running an extension cord
along a baseboard is better than underneath a rug, but
you should only use extension cords for temporary work
situations. For long-term needs, hire a qualified
electrician to install a new permanent outlet.
06/07/2019
Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al
Ani 65
66. Answers to An electrical safety quiz (Cont.)
Q5. B: The safest thing to do is remove the source of electricity
by turning off the main switch of the circuit breaker. Touching
your friend is not a good idea because he or she may conduct
electricity into your body and then you will both be shocked.
Using a broomstick isn’t the best idea either because if the
wood is wet or dirty, it may also conduct electricity into your
body.
Q6. A: Make sure to keep a distance of at least 10 feet between
you, your tools and ladders and the power lines. You should
call your utility company to see what safety measures can be
taken if you're working near power lines. And remember, power
lines may have a weather coating on them for protection
against the elements, but this will not protect you from shock.
06/07/2019
Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al
Ani 66
69. References
Arnoldo B, Purdue GF, Kowalske K ,et al .Electrical injuries :a 20- year review. j Burn Care
Rehabil.2004;25:479-484
Chen EH , Sareen A. Do children require ECG evaluation and inpatient telemetry after household electrical
exposures? Ann Emerg Med.2007;49:64-67
https://www.medscape.com/content/2004/00/47/28/472812/472812_fig.html
https://www.barnardhealth.us/forensic-pathology/electrical-burns-and-other-external-trauma.html
http://www.ijburns.com/article.asp?issn=0971-
653X;year=2013;volume=21;issue=1;spage=67;epage=70;aulast=Kasana
https://www.networx.com/article/electrical-safety-quiz
06/07/2019 Electrical burns in children Prof. Dr. Saad S Al Ani 69