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RECENT ADVANCES IN NEW SEPARATION 
11 
TECHNOLOGY 
DDrr..VV..SS..SSaappkkaall 
PPrrooffeessssoorr && HHeeaadd,, 
DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff CChheemmiiccaall TTeecchhnnoollooggyy,, 
SSaanntt GGaaddggee BBaabbaa AAmmrraavvaattii UUnniivveerrssiittyy,, 
AAmmrraavvaattii
22 
Comparative Evaluation Of Separation Technology 
Physical /chemical 
property 
Separation process 
Size Filtration, microfiltration, dialysis, gas separation, gel permeatin 
chromatography 
Vapor pressure Distillation, membrane distillation 
Freezing point Crystallization 
Affinity Extraction, adsorption, reverse osmosis, gas separation, 
pervaporation, affinity chromatography 
Charge Ion exchange, electrodialysis, electrophoresis, diffusion dialysis 
Density 
Centrifugation 
Chemical nature Complexation, carrier mediated transport
33 
DDiissttiiccttiivvee bbeenneeffiittss ooff 
mmeemmbbrraannee pprroocceessss 
 EEnneerrggyy ccoonnssuummppttiioonn iiss ggeenneerraallllyy llooww 
 MMeemmbbrraannee pprroocceesssseess ccaann bbee eeaassiillyy 
ccoommbbiinneedd wwiitthh ootthheerr sseeppaarraattiioonn 
pprroocceesssseess((hhyybbrriidd pprroocceessssiinngg)) 
 SSeeppaarraattiioonn ccaann bbee ccaarrrriieedd oouutt uunnddeerr mmiilldd 
ccoonnddiittiioonnss 
 UUpp ssccaalliinngg iiss eeaassyy.. 
 MMeemmbbrraannee pprrooppeerrttiieess aarree vvaarriiaabbllee aanndd ccaann 
bbee aaddjjuusstteedd.. 
 NNoo aaddddiittiivveess aarree rreeqquuiirreedd..
Schematic representation of preferential flow capillary flow noted 
for reverse osmosis separations of sodium chloride from aqueous 
solutions 
44
55
66 
Details of membrane module design.
77
88
99
1100
1111
FFaaccttoorrss ccoonnssiiddeerreedd ttoo aaffffeecctt 
ffoouulliinngg ooff aa mmeemmbbrraannee aarree 
11.. MMeemmbbrraannee PPrrooppeerrttiieess:: 
•• HHyyddrroopphhiilliicciittyy.. 
•• SSuurrffaaccee ttooppooggrraapphhyy.. 
..•• PPoorree ssiizzee.. 
•• SSuurrffaaccee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn.. 
22.. SSoolluuttee PPrrooppeerrttiieess:: 
•• PPrrootteeiinnss 
•• SSaallttss 
•• PPHH 
•• LLiippiiddss ffaattss aanndd ooiillss.. 
•• AAnnttiiffooaammss.. 
•• HHuummiicc ssuubbssttaanncceess.. 
1122 
33.. PPrroocceessss EEnnggiinneeeerriinngg:: 
•• TTeemmppeerraattuurree.. 
•• FFllooww rraattee aanndd ttuurrbbuulleennccee.. 
•• PPrreessssuurree..
1133 
MMeemmbbrraannee aannaallyyssiiss 
SSEEMM--EEDDSS aanndd AATTRR--FFTTIIRR aannaallyysseess 
SSccaannnniinngg eelleeccttrroonn mmiiccrroossccooppyy aanndd eenneerrggyy ddiissppeerrssiivvee 
XX--rraayy ssppeeccttrroommeettrryy((SSEEDD--EEDDSS)),, JJEEOOLL 55880000 SSccaannnniinngg 
MMiiccrroossccooppee aanndd LLiinnkk IISSIISS ssooffttwwaarree wweerree uusseedd.. 
AAtttteennuuaatteedd ttoottaall rreefflleeccttiioonn mmeetthhoodd ooff FFoouurriieerr 
TTrraannssffoorrmm iinnffrraarreedd ssppeeccttrroossccooppyy((AATTRR--FFTTIIRR)) aannaallyyssiiss 
wweerree ddoonnee bbyy uussiinngg PPeerrkkiinn--EEllmmeerr 22000000 FFTTIIRR 
aappppaarraattuuss 
DDiirreecctt oobbsseerrvvaattiioonn tthhrroouugghh tthhee mmeemmbbrraannee 
IInn tthhiiss mmeetthhoodd,, aa mmiiccrroossccooppee oobbjjeeccttiivvee wwaass ppoossiittiioonneedd 
aatt tthhee ppeerrmmeeaattee ssiiddee ooff aa ttrraannssppaarreenntt mmeemmbbrraannee aanndd 
ppaarrttiiccllee ddeeppoossiittiioonn wwaass oobbsseerrvveedd iinn rreeaall ttiimmee bbyy tthhee 
mmiiccrroossccooppee..
PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee iimmpprroovveemmeenntt 
ooff mmeemmbbrraannee pprroocceesssseess 
IInnfflluueennccee ooff ccrroossss--ffllooww vveelloocciittyy oonn mmeemmbbrraannee 
1144 
ppeerrffoorrmmaannccee
•VSEP (Vibratory Shear Enhanced Process) technique 
1155 
VSEP mechanism compared to cross flow
1166 
IImmmmeerrsseedd mmeemmbbrraanneess –– 
iinntteerrnnaall//eexxtteerrnnaall
CChhaarraacctteerriissttiiccss ooff MMeemmbbrraannee 
1177 
MMeemmbbrraannee 
PPrroocceessss 
FFeeeedd 
PPhhaassee // 
PPeerrmmeeaattee 
PPhhaassee 
DDrriivviinngg 
FFoorrccee 
MMeemmbbrr-- 
aannee 
MMaaiinn 
AApppplliiccaattiioonn 
PPeevvaappoorraattiioonn LLiiqquuiidd // 
VVaappoouurr 
CChheemmiiccaall 
PPootteennttiiaall 
GGrraaddiieenntt 
DDeennssee,, 
LLiioopphhiilliicc 
SSeeppaarraattiioonn 
ooff LLiiqquuiidd 
MMiixxttuurreess
1188
1199
2200
2211
2222
2233
2244
2255
2266
2277
2288
2299
3300

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Volatile organic compounds (vo cs) and its removal techniques
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Recent advances in new separation technology

  • 1. RECENT ADVANCES IN NEW SEPARATION 11 TECHNOLOGY DDrr..VV..SS..SSaappkkaall PPrrooffeessssoorr && HHeeaadd,, DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff CChheemmiiccaall TTeecchhnnoollooggyy,, SSaanntt GGaaddggee BBaabbaa AAmmrraavvaattii UUnniivveerrssiittyy,, AAmmrraavvaattii
  • 2. 22 Comparative Evaluation Of Separation Technology Physical /chemical property Separation process Size Filtration, microfiltration, dialysis, gas separation, gel permeatin chromatography Vapor pressure Distillation, membrane distillation Freezing point Crystallization Affinity Extraction, adsorption, reverse osmosis, gas separation, pervaporation, affinity chromatography Charge Ion exchange, electrodialysis, electrophoresis, diffusion dialysis Density Centrifugation Chemical nature Complexation, carrier mediated transport
  • 3. 33 DDiissttiiccttiivvee bbeenneeffiittss ooff mmeemmbbrraannee pprroocceessss  EEnneerrggyy ccoonnssuummppttiioonn iiss ggeenneerraallllyy llooww  MMeemmbbrraannee pprroocceesssseess ccaann bbee eeaassiillyy ccoommbbiinneedd wwiitthh ootthheerr sseeppaarraattiioonn pprroocceesssseess((hhyybbrriidd pprroocceessssiinngg))  SSeeppaarraattiioonn ccaann bbee ccaarrrriieedd oouutt uunnddeerr mmiilldd ccoonnddiittiioonnss  UUpp ssccaalliinngg iiss eeaassyy..  MMeemmbbrraannee pprrooppeerrttiieess aarree vvaarriiaabbllee aanndd ccaann bbee aaddjjuusstteedd..  NNoo aaddddiittiivveess aarree rreeqquuiirreedd..
  • 4. Schematic representation of preferential flow capillary flow noted for reverse osmosis separations of sodium chloride from aqueous solutions 44
  • 5. 55
  • 6. 66 Details of membrane module design.
  • 7. 77
  • 8. 88
  • 9. 99
  • 10. 1100
  • 11. 1111
  • 12. FFaaccttoorrss ccoonnssiiddeerreedd ttoo aaffffeecctt ffoouulliinngg ooff aa mmeemmbbrraannee aarree 11.. MMeemmbbrraannee PPrrooppeerrttiieess:: •• HHyyddrroopphhiilliicciittyy.. •• SSuurrffaaccee ttooppooggrraapphhyy.. ..•• PPoorree ssiizzee.. •• SSuurrffaaccee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn.. 22.. SSoolluuttee PPrrooppeerrttiieess:: •• PPrrootteeiinnss •• SSaallttss •• PPHH •• LLiippiiddss ffaattss aanndd ooiillss.. •• AAnnttiiffooaammss.. •• HHuummiicc ssuubbssttaanncceess.. 1122 33.. PPrroocceessss EEnnggiinneeeerriinngg:: •• TTeemmppeerraattuurree.. •• FFllooww rraattee aanndd ttuurrbbuulleennccee.. •• PPrreessssuurree..
  • 13. 1133 MMeemmbbrraannee aannaallyyssiiss SSEEMM--EEDDSS aanndd AATTRR--FFTTIIRR aannaallyysseess SSccaannnniinngg eelleeccttrroonn mmiiccrroossccooppyy aanndd eenneerrggyy ddiissppeerrssiivvee XX--rraayy ssppeeccttrroommeettrryy((SSEEDD--EEDDSS)),, JJEEOOLL 55880000 SSccaannnniinngg MMiiccrroossccooppee aanndd LLiinnkk IISSIISS ssooffttwwaarree wweerree uusseedd.. AAtttteennuuaatteedd ttoottaall rreefflleeccttiioonn mmeetthhoodd ooff FFoouurriieerr TTrraannssffoorrmm iinnffrraarreedd ssppeeccttrroossccooppyy((AATTRR--FFTTIIRR)) aannaallyyssiiss wweerree ddoonnee bbyy uussiinngg PPeerrkkiinn--EEllmmeerr 22000000 FFTTIIRR aappppaarraattuuss DDiirreecctt oobbsseerrvvaattiioonn tthhrroouugghh tthhee mmeemmbbrraannee IInn tthhiiss mmeetthhoodd,, aa mmiiccrroossccooppee oobbjjeeccttiivvee wwaass ppoossiittiioonneedd aatt tthhee ppeerrmmeeaattee ssiiddee ooff aa ttrraannssppaarreenntt mmeemmbbrraannee aanndd ppaarrttiiccllee ddeeppoossiittiioonn wwaass oobbsseerrvveedd iinn rreeaall ttiimmee bbyy tthhee mmiiccrroossccooppee..
  • 14. PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee iimmpprroovveemmeenntt ooff mmeemmbbrraannee pprroocceesssseess IInnfflluueennccee ooff ccrroossss--ffllooww vveelloocciittyy oonn mmeemmbbrraannee 1144 ppeerrffoorrmmaannccee
  • 15. •VSEP (Vibratory Shear Enhanced Process) technique 1155 VSEP mechanism compared to cross flow
  • 16. 1166 IImmmmeerrsseedd mmeemmbbrraanneess –– iinntteerrnnaall//eexxtteerrnnaall
  • 17. CChhaarraacctteerriissttiiccss ooff MMeemmbbrraannee 1177 MMeemmbbrraannee PPrroocceessss FFeeeedd PPhhaassee // PPeerrmmeeaattee PPhhaassee DDrriivviinngg FFoorrccee MMeemmbbrr-- aannee MMaaiinn AApppplliiccaattiioonn PPeevvaappoorraattiioonn LLiiqquuiidd // VVaappoouurr CChheemmiiccaall PPootteennttiiaall GGrraaddiieenntt DDeennssee,, LLiioopphhiilliicc SSeeppaarraattiioonn ooff LLiiqquuiidd MMiixxttuurreess
  • 18. 1188
  • 19. 1199
  • 20. 2200
  • 21. 2211
  • 22. 2222
  • 23. 2233
  • 24. 2244
  • 25. 2255
  • 26. 2266
  • 27. 2277
  • 28. 2288
  • 29. 2299
  • 30. 3300