This document provides information about an expert in ecological sanitation and wastewater treatment. It summarizes the expert's qualifications and areas of research experience, which include organic waste management, ecological sanitation, and developing composting and vermicomposting techniques. The document also describes the basic principles of ecological sanitation, including separating human waste into urine and feces to recover nutrients and protect the environment. It introduces the Urine Diversion Dehydration toilet as a suitable sanitation method in areas with water scarcity or hard soils that can treat and reuse human waste locally.

1. Treatment and Disposal of Wastewater
5-9 October, 2009
Ecological Sanitation: UDD Toilet
Dr K D Yadav
kdjhansi@yahoo.com
SV National Institute of Technology, Surat
Tuesday 06 October, 2009

2. Who I Am……..
• Lecturer in Civil Engineering Department in Environmental Section…….
• Prof I/C PRO
• Prof I/C Hindi Cell, Solid Waste Management
• B E( Civil ) Nagpur University….
• ME (Environmental) Govt Engg College, Ujjain Vikram University
• Ph D (Environmental) IIT Kanpur
• International Ecosan Expert
• Ecosan Trainer for Indian Government
• Consultant for GTZ, UNICEF, WHO, TSC……… for ecosan training( Devloping
Countries) and & performance monitoring of ecosan projects in India
• Development of Green Toilet for Indian Railway
• Technical Manual on Composting and Vermicomposting of Organic Waste
• Present Ongoing Research Project
– Campus Waste Management by Composting Process
– Solar Disinfection for Drinking Water Treatment
• Number of Publication: # 17
• Area of Research:
– Organic Waste Management
– Ecological Sanitation

3. Sanitation
The hygienic disposal or recycling of waste materials,
particularly human excrement which is essential
for the prevention of disease.
• Isolate communities from exposure to human and
animal excretions (e.g. prevent contamination of
water).
• Prevent carrier organisms (e.g. flies) from
contacting the excreta and subsequently
transmitting disease to human.
• Contain the excreta and/or inactive the pathogen.

4. Human Excreta
Urine Feces
120-400 g wet feces/c/day
Influenced by physique,
diet and water intake
1.0 – 1.5 L/c/day
Influenced by diet,
temperature, body posture,
exercise, etc.

5. Feces
• Rich in Ions
• Mostly Urea
• Minimal Pathogens
• Mostly Organic matter
•Heavily pathogenic
Urine
Human Excreta
Feces

6. Human Excreta
Quantity & Resource Value
S.No Parameter Feces Urine Excreta
Quantity and consistency
1 Gram/capita/day (wet) 250 1,200 1,450
2 Gram/capita/day (dry) 50 60 110
Chemical Composition (% of dry solids)
1 Organic matter 92 75 83
2 Carbon C 48 13 29
3 Nitrogen N 4-7 14-18 9-12
4 Phosphorus (as P2O5) 4 3.7 3.8
5 Potassium (as K2O) 1.6 3.7 2.7
Comparison with other wastes (% of dry solids)
N P2O5 K2O
1 Human excreta 9-12 3.8 2.7
2 Plant matter 1-11 0.5-2.8 1.1-11

7. Soil Nutrients Requirement
The plants need the 16 essential nutrients for survivability and growth
(carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium,
magnesium, calcium and sulphur, iron, zinc, copper, manganese,
boron, chlorine and molybdenum).
• Primary: Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium (NPK)
• Secondary: Magnesium, Calcium and Sulfur (Ca, Mg, S)
• Trace elements: Iron, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Boron, Chlorine and
Molybdenum).
Nitrogen is essential constituents of metabolically active compounds such as
amino acids, proteins, enzymes and few non-proteins compounds
Nitrogen is needed for leaf and stem growth, and it gives a dark green color to
plants.
Phosphorous helps make plants more drought resistant and hardy.
Potassium also develops the resistance to plants against fungal and bacterial
disease.

8. Problems with Present Sanitation System
Based on using water for collection, conveyance, treatment and
disposal of human excretions
Water
Closet
Water
Scarcity
G.W
Contamination
Soil
Degradation
Burden
Treatment Plant
1. Nitrogen Cycle
Affected
2. Environmental
Harmful

9. Ecological Sanitation (EcoSan)
An approach that aims at utilization of human excretions for
primary production using productive systems.
Three Basic principles of Ecosan:
1. Promotes health and
prevents diseases
2. Protects environment
and conserves resources
3. Recovers and recycles
nutrients

10. Seperation of Waters
Yellow-Water
(urine)
Anal Cleaning
Water( May Be)
Brown -Water
(Feces)

11. Urine Diversion Dehydration (UDD)
Toilet

12. Where it Suitable…….
1. High Water Table
2. Water Sacristy Area
3. Hard Rocky Soil
4. Need of Organic Fertilizer
• Liquid ( Urine)
• Compost

14. Three whole pan

16. Ecosan Pan

17. Urine Diversion Dehydration Toilet

18. Urine Diversion Dehydration Toilet

20. Short Term Training Programme on
Treatment and Disposal of Wastewater
5-9 October, 2009
Thanks for attention