Effluent Treatment Plant Design, Operation And Analysis Of Waste Water Jaidev Singh
Contents
1. Introduction to Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)
1.1 Use of water in industries
1.2 Industrial waste water sources
1.3 Effluent Treatment Plant
1.4 National Standards for waste water
1.5 What do these standards means?
1.6 Waste water treatment
1.7 Planning an Effluent Treatment Plant : Factors to Consider
2. Treatment Methods
2.1 Physical Unit Operations
2.2 Chemical Unit Processes
2.3 Biological Unit Processes
3. Operation and control
3.1 Mixed liquor suspended solids
3.2 Sludge Volume Index and Sludge Density Index
3.3 Sludge Age; Mean Cell Residence Time (MCRT)
3.4 Food/Mass Ratio
3.5 Constant MLSS
3.6 Return Activated Sludge Control (RAS)
4. Choosing an Effluent Treatment Plant
4.1 Biological Treatment
4.2 Physico-Chemical Treatment
4.3 Physico-Chemical and Biological Treatment
4.4 Area Requirement Comparison
4.5 Cost Comparison
5. Chemical Analysis of Waste Water
5.1 Commonly used chemicals
5.2 Chemical Tests and procedures
waste water generation has become a big issue all over the world. Therefore understanding sewage treatment principles is necessary to plan a waste water treatment plant and resource recovery. This presentation discusses, what is waste water, composition of waste water and major functional units of a treatment plant
Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) is a process used for nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater before it is discharged into surface or ground water.To control eutrophication in receiving water bodies, biological nutrient removal (BNR) of nitrogen and phosphorus has been widely used in wastewater treatment practice, both for the upgrade of existing wastewater treatment facilities and the design of new facilities.
Chemistry is all about environment. Waste Water Treatment is related to Environmental Chemistry. This Presentation show a view of waste water composition and its treatment facilities available.
Effluent Treatment Plant Design, Operation And Analysis Of Waste Water Jaidev Singh
Contents
1. Introduction to Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)
1.1 Use of water in industries
1.2 Industrial waste water sources
1.3 Effluent Treatment Plant
1.4 National Standards for waste water
1.5 What do these standards means?
1.6 Waste water treatment
1.7 Planning an Effluent Treatment Plant : Factors to Consider
2. Treatment Methods
2.1 Physical Unit Operations
2.2 Chemical Unit Processes
2.3 Biological Unit Processes
3. Operation and control
3.1 Mixed liquor suspended solids
3.2 Sludge Volume Index and Sludge Density Index
3.3 Sludge Age; Mean Cell Residence Time (MCRT)
3.4 Food/Mass Ratio
3.5 Constant MLSS
3.6 Return Activated Sludge Control (RAS)
4. Choosing an Effluent Treatment Plant
4.1 Biological Treatment
4.2 Physico-Chemical Treatment
4.3 Physico-Chemical and Biological Treatment
4.4 Area Requirement Comparison
4.5 Cost Comparison
5. Chemical Analysis of Waste Water
5.1 Commonly used chemicals
5.2 Chemical Tests and procedures
waste water generation has become a big issue all over the world. Therefore understanding sewage treatment principles is necessary to plan a waste water treatment plant and resource recovery. This presentation discusses, what is waste water, composition of waste water and major functional units of a treatment plant
Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) is a process used for nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater before it is discharged into surface or ground water.To control eutrophication in receiving water bodies, biological nutrient removal (BNR) of nitrogen and phosphorus has been widely used in wastewater treatment practice, both for the upgrade of existing wastewater treatment facilities and the design of new facilities.
Chemistry is all about environment. Waste Water Treatment is related to Environmental Chemistry. This Presentation show a view of waste water composition and its treatment facilities available.
Peritia is one of the esteemed business advisors and business management consultant in Perth, provides result oriented business coaching, business consulting and management consulting In Perth. You can get their services at reasonable charges.
Low Cost Anaerobic Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste Leachateiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online
“Study The Different Parameters of Sewage Treatment With UASB & SBR Technolog...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Every community produces both liquid and solid wastes and air emissions. The liquid wastewastewater-is
essentially the water supply of the community after it has been used in a variety of applications.
From the standpoint of sources of generation, wastewater may be defined as a combination of the liquid or
water-carried wastes removed from residences, institutions, commercial and industrial establishments, together
with such groundwater, surfacewater and stromwater as may be present. This waste water through sewer comes
to the sewage treatment plant so that parameters are reduced and treated wastewater be disposed into water or
land. For treating the sewage UASB( UP FLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET) and SBR(SEQUENCING
BATCH REACTOR) technologies are mostly used.
All the parameters of these samples were analyzed using standard methods prescribed in “Standard methods for
examination of water and wastewater”. It was observed that pH & temperature values at outlet by both the
processes are almost same. Reading were taking on two consecutive days and value of Biochemical Oxygen
Demand by UASB process was 32, 32mg/l and by SBR process was 11, 16mg/l. Chemical oxygen Demand by
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and the SBR process showed better results as comparative to UASB.
The improved sequential batch reactor is a process of treating waste water economically. In short the sewage is generated by residential, commercial, industrial establishments. Improved Sequential Batch reactor process improves the quality of waste water . The waste water coming from toilets, baths, kitchens, and sinks draining into the sewers. The waste water or sewage from everywhere contaminates to water bodies when it is directly mixed with river, nallah and other water body it also affects on environment. So to overcome from that the best way to treat the sewage properly.Improved sequential batch reactors a type of activated sludge process in which the waste water is treated by mechanically in batches in reactors . Sometimes it includes Combi treat unit, and this combi treat unit is a power saving as well as power generating sequential batch reactor technology. This technology has been studied and recommended by reputed Indian Research Institutions such as Indian institute Technology and numerous consultants in the field. Attention has to be paid to the fact that suspended solids are always present in the effluent.
Citation: Megha Gidde , PimpriChinchwad Polytechnic; Raveena Chavan ,PimpriChinchwad Polytechnic; Yash Chaudhari ,PimpriChinchwad Polytechnic; Sudhir Ghule ,PimpriChinchwad Polytechnic; Datta Chate ,PimpriChinchwad Polytechnic. "Sequential Batch Reactor." Global Research and Development Journal For Engineering 34 2018: 1 - 3.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Need of tertiary treatment for anaerobic wastewater treatment
1. LLeeccttuurree oonn
Need of tertiary treatment for
anaerobic wastewater treatment
by
Dr. Arvind Kumar Mungray
B. Tech., M. Tech., Ph.D.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
SARDAR VALLABHBHAI NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
SURAT 395 007
21. Anaerobic degradation process
Step General process Description Notes
1
HHyyddrroollyyssiiss
Acid
production
Methane
production
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
broken down to low molecular weight
compounds by enzymes.
Acidogenesis – amino acids
converted to volatile fatty acids
(VFAs)
Acetogenesis – VFAs, lactic acid etc
converted to acetic acid, H2, CO2
Acetotrophic methanogensis – Acetic
acid converted to CO2 and CH4
Hydrogenotrophic methanogensis –
H2 and CO2 converted to CO2 and CH4
2
3
Rate limiting.
Temperature
dependant
Not rate
limiting
Rate
limiting.
Temperature
dependant
23. Types of anaerobic reactors
Low rate anaerobic reactors High rate anaerobic reactors
Anaerobic pond
Septic tank
Imhoff tank
Standard rate
anaerobic digester
Slurry type bioreactor, temperature,
mixing, SRT or other environmental
conditions are not regulated. Loading
of 1-2 kg COD/m3-day..
Anaerobic contact process
Anaerobic filter (AF)
Upflow anaerobic slugde
Blanket (UASB)
Fluidized bed Reactor
Hybrid reactor: UASB/AF
Anaerobic Sequencing Batch
Reactor (ASBR)
Able to retain very high concentration of
active biomass in the reactor. Thus
extremely high SRT could be maintained
irrespective of HRT. Load 5-20 kg COD/m3-d
COD removal efficiency : 80-90% .
40. Development of UASB
Technology in India
Bilateral cooperation between India and Netherlands in 1985 led to
the design and construction of first successful full scale UASB reactor
for domestic sewage at Kanpur. This demonstration plant was designed
to treat 5 ML/d of raw sewage at 6 h HRT with influent BOD and COD
of 200 and 500 mg/L respectively.
One more UASB based treatment plant (36 ML/d) built in Kanpur to
treat the wastewater of approximately 180 tanneries after dilution with
domestic wastewater in a ratio of 1:3 is in operation since April 1994.
41. UASB TREATMENT PLANTS
under Ganga Action Plan
5 MLD UASB Demonstration PPllaanntt aatt
KKaannppuurr
1144 MMLLDD UUAASSBB SSTTPP aatt MMiirrzzaappuurr
3366 MMLLDD UUAASSBB CCEETTPP aatt KKaannppuurr
52. Main limitations of anaerobic systems
(1) Limitations regarding organic matter
Does not follow the discharge standards in terms of BOD, COD
Requires post treatment step.
UASB Effluent BOD: 60-120 mg/L
BOD removal Efficiency: 55 - 75%
53. (2)Limitations regarding nitrogen and phosphorous
Discharge of nutrients in to surface water may caused
increased algal biomass = eutrophication
1.0 Kg of phosphorous can result in the reconstruction of
111 Kg of biomass = which corresponds to approx. 138 Kg of COD
1 Kg of Nitrogen can result in the reconstruction of Approx.
20 Kg COD under the form of dead algae
54. (3) Limitations regarding
microbiological indicators
Pathogens = 10,000 MPN/100 ml
(Maximum)
= 1000 MPN/100 ml
(Desirable)
69. ¨ INDIA
D UASB, Vadodara
¨ UASB, Surat
D
Locations of STPs selected for the study with their treatment capacities.
43 ML/d UASB, Vadodara
100 ML/d UASB, Surat
74. Feed Tank
( FT)
Gas
Collection
Chamber
Peristaltic
Pump
UASB
Reactor
Cascade Sponge Reactor (CSR)
Final
Effluent
FIG.16
Schematic flow-diagram of Experiment.
75. FIG.17 FIG.18
Prior to start up of CSR
(Cascade Sponge Reactor)
After accumulation of biomass on
CSR (Cascade Sponge Reactor)
76. SEM images of clean
Sponge at 7 x.
SEM images of accumulation
of biomass on Sponge at 7 x.
77. SEM images of measurement of pore size of Sponge at 50 x.
78. y = 0.9971x - 0.1533
R2 = 0.9926
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 1 2 3
OLR (KgCOD/m3.d)
COD Removal
Rate(KgCODm3.d)
FIG.68
Variation of COD removal rate according to OLR (Organic
Loading Rate)
79. (A) (B) (C)
Appearance of (A) Raw sewage (B) UASB effluent (C) CSR effluent
80. Conclusions
Of all the anaerobic wastewater treatment process
currently being used, the UASB process has excellent potential to
become highly competitive for municipal wastewater treatment.
However treated effluent from UASB contains significant
amounts of organics, nutrients, sulphide and fecal coliform. When
discharge to the environment creates risk to aquatic and terrestrial
region. So there is a need of post treatment for the UASB effluent
before discharging it to the surface water or terrestrial region. It
can be concluded that all these technologies are feasible for the
post treatment of UASB effluents for satisfying the discharge
standards in surface waters.
Based on this wastewater separation a treatment scheme is proposed here only for concentrated wastewater. [community on site]
Concentrated wastewater is sent to the digester (of which type has to be decided on site, depending on the objective). Several products can be derived after digestion (again depending which type of system is used): treated effluent still rich in organics and nutrient, stabilised sludge rich in organics and nutrients (in some cases safe for reuse), and biogas. Depending on a scale of application reusable. Depending on legislation, objective a secondary step(s) can be applied