This document discusses the concept of water reuse and provides two case studies on limited reuse of treated domestic wastewater in Baroda City, India. It summarizes the key points as follows: 1) Water reuse is becoming more important due to population growth, increased water demand, and decreased freshwater sources. It involves using treated wastewater for purposes like irrigation, industrial uses, and groundwater recharge. 2) The first case study examines reuse of wastewater from two sewage pumping stations for gardening and other non-potable uses. It evaluates treatment using activated sludge, clarification, filtration and chlorination. 3) The second case study looks at industrial reuse of treated eff

2. Prof. A.R. Shah
Sr. Reader
Civil Engg. Dept.
Faculty of Tech & Engg
M.S. University of Baroda
&
In-Charge of Environmental Laboratory
 Co-ordinator
 Env. AUDIT SCHEME FOR SHEDULE –I INDUSTRIES OF GUJARAT
STATE
 Member Of Governing Council
For
Gujarat Env. Management Institute (Gemi)
 In-Charge Of U.G. & P.G Course In Env. Engg
 In-Charge Of P.G. Diploma In Env. Science Course.

3. 1.0 CONCEPT OF REUSE
 Continued population growth, increased water
demand, increased contamination of both surface
water and ground water, uneven distribution of
water resources, decreased fresh water sources,
increased costs of fresh water, periodic droughts
etc. have forced water management agencies to
search for new sources of water supply and
advanced waste water treatment methods for
municipal and industrial waste water so as to
develop the reuse of water as a viable option of
water conservation.

4.  Reuse refers to the process by which water used
for one purpose or by one industrial process is
used again by another purpose or by another
different industrial process.
 Recycling is the use of effluent with or without
treatment for the intake of the same use of
water.

5.  Water reclamation recycling and reuse represent
significant components of the hydrological cycle
in urban, industrial and agricultural areas. A
conceptional overview of the cycling of water
from surface and ground water sources to water
treatment facilities, irrigation, municipal and
industrial application and to water reclamation
and reuse facilities is shown in following figure:

6. THE ROLE OF ENGINEERED TREATMENT, RECLAMATION
AND REUSE FACILITIES IN THE CYCLING OF WATER
THROUGH THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

7. REUSE OPTIONS AND APPLICATION
1. IRRIGATION REUSE
Agriculture irrigation is the largest current use of reclaimed water. This reuse
category offers significant future opportunities for water reuse. Landscape
irrigation, includes the irrigation of parks and gardens, play grounds, golf
courses, freeway medians, landscaped areas, commercial office and industrial
developments and landscaped area around residencies.
Many landscape irrigation projects involve dual distribution system- one
distribution network for potable water and another for reclaimed water.

8. 2. INDUSTRIAL REUSE
There are many possible industrial uses of renovated waste water are
subjected to the wide variety of treatments systems that might have to be
employed
3. RECREATIONAL REUSE
Reuse of waster water in recreational lakes must satisfy both health standard
and standard that will make the lake acceptable from the recreational stand
point.
4. GROND WATER RECHARGE
One of the reuse application for the reclaimed water is ground water
recharge via either spreading basins or direct injection to ground water
aquifers.

9.  REUSE FOR CONSTRUCTION
 REUSE FOR CENTRALLY AIR CONDITIONED PLANTS
 REUSE FOR SOIL COMPACTION
 REUSE FOR REFUSE COMPACTION
 REUSE FOR SALT WATER INTRUSION
 REUSE FR OILFIELD REPRESSURIZATION
etc……etc……..etc………………

10.  Establishment of facility performance standards
 Information search on source characteristics and continuity
 Performance on economical and technical studies
 Testing of unmixed or segregated wastes
 Testing of selection material of waster recycle and
management mix proportion with other material
 Assessment of regulation
 Estimation of material, procedure and plan
 Development of monitoring and maintenance
 Pre-implementation life cycle cost estimation
 Monitoring maintenance and periodic assessment

11. Treatment methods for reuse of
waste water
 Screening and settling
 Biological processes
 Aerobic processes
 Anaerobic processes
 Advanced processes
 Coagulation and flocculation
 Solid removal
 Removal of organics’
 Reverse osmosis
 Ion exchange
 Softening by lime and soda ash or by zeolite process
 Ultraviolet radiation
 Chlorination
 Ultra filtration
 Ozonation

12. CASE STUDY NO : 1
LIMITED REUSE OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER FOR
GARDENING AND OTHER PURPOSES (EXCEPT
POTABLE ) FOR NEARBY AREAS OF SEWAGE
PUMPING STATIONS OF BARODA CITY

13. CASE STUDY NO : 2
REUSE OF TREATED
SEWAGE FROM NEW
SEWAGE TREATMENT
PLANT AT ATLADARA FOR
INDUSTRIAL AREAS ON THE
DOWNSREAM

14. BARODA CITY
 TOTAL MUNICIPAL AREA : 110 SQ. K.M.
 POPULATION : @ 17 LAKHS
 MAIN SOURCES OF WATER:
 AJWA RESERVIOR
 MAHI RIVER FRENCH WELLS
 22 NOS. CORPORATION’S TUBE WELLS
 PRIVATE TUBE WELLS.
 SEWARAGE SYSTEM: UNDERGROUND SEWARAGE SYSTEM SINCE 1894.
 SEWARAGE ZONES OF VADODARA CITY:
 ZONE NO 1: TARASALI WARD NO 4, T.P.SCHEME 18, &19, G.I.D.C., O.N.G.C.,
DANTESHWER, VADASAR, MANJALPUR
 ZONE NO. 2: WADI old city, raopura, bavajipura, fatehpura wadi, t.p.
schemes no 3 ,4,5,7,&9. harani, karelibaug.
 ZONE NO 3. : ATLADARA : SAYAJIGUNJ ,RAILWAY STATION, ALEMBIC,
SARABHAI, RACE COURSE, T.P. 1 ,2, 11, 12, 13, &15. GORWA, SAIYAD
VASANA, TANDALAJA, ATLADARA PROPOSED T.P. 20,21, 23 &24.

15. AUXALLARY PUMPING STATIONS
FOR WADI SEWARAGE ZONE
 1. SAYAJI HOSPITAL.
 2. SARDAR BHAVAN.
 3. KALUPURA.
 4. YAKUTPURA.
 5. NAVAPURA.
 6. KEVDABAUG.
 7. BAHUCHARAJI.
 8.HARNI ROAD.
 9.V.I.P. ROAD.
 10. WAGHODIA ROAD.
 11. AJWA ROAD.

16. AUXILLARY PUMPING STATIONS FOR TARSALI
ZONE:--
 MANJALPUR
 LALBAUG
 TARSALI
 MAKARPURA
 G.I.D.C.

18. AUXALLARY PUMPING STATIONS FOR
ATLADARA SEWARAGE ZONE
 1. SAMA
2.SHASTRI BRIDGE
3. NARHARI HOSPITAL.
4. KALAGHODA.
5. JETALPUR ROAD
6. GORWA.
7.GAYATRI NAGAR.
8. VASNA ROAD.
9. KALALI.
10. HARI NAGAR.

19. SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS
IN BARODA CITY
 1. TARASALI : DESIGNED CAPACITY: 9.0 M.L.D.
 2. WADI : DESIGNED CAPACITY : 27.0 M.L.D.
 3. ATALADARA : DESIGNED CAPACITY : 27.0 + 45.0 M.L.D.

20. AUXULARY PUMPING STATIONS
SELECTED FOR CASE STUDY
 1. SHASHTRI BRIDGE.
 2. GAYATRI NAGAR.
 PROCEDURE FOLLOWED :
 THE MONTHLY FLOW RECORDS WERE REFERRED TO DECIDE
THE MINIMUM QUANTITY OF FLOW AVAILABLE THAT CAN BE
CONSIDERED FOR TREATMENT FOR REUSE PURPOSE NEAR
THE PUMPING STATION AREAS.
 THE GRAB AND COMPOSITE SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED
FROM THE WET WELL OF THESE PUMPING STATIONS AND THE
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPORTANT PARAMETERS WERE CARRIED
OUT IN THE ENV. ENGG. LAB. OF M.S.U., BARODA.
 BASED ON THE QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF THE SEWAGE TO
BE REUSE THE FOLLOWING LABORATORY SCALE
TREATABILITY STUDIES WERE CARRIED OUT.

21. PROPOSED TREATMENTS :
 1. ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS.
 2. CLARIFICATION.
 3. SAND FILTRATION.
 4. CHLORINATION.

22. MOBILE SMALL PACAGE
S.T.P.
 DESIGN OF SMALL PACAGE S.T.P. OF 10 M3 AND 50 M3
CAPACITY WERE CARRIED OUT.

23. COST ESTIMATE FOR 10 M3 PLANT.

24. COST ESTIMATE FOR 50 M3 PLANT.

25. CASE STUDY NO 2.:
 FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR INDUSTRIAL REUSE OF
TREATED EFFLUENT FROM SEWAGE TREATMENT
PLANT..
 43.0 M.L.D CAPACITY NEW S.T.P. ON THE NEW PRINCIPAL OF
UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET TECHNIQUE WAS
SELECTED FOR THE STUDY PURPOSE.
 PROCESS FLOW DIAGARAM OF THE S.T.P. IS AS FOLLOWS :

26. METHODOLOGY FOR CASE :2.
 COMPOSITE SAMPLES FROM OUT LET OF S.S.T. WERE
COLLECTED AND ANALYSED AND THE RESULTS ARE GIVEN IN
THIS TABLE:---
 THE RESULTS WERE COMPARED WITH STANDARDS FOR
DRINKING WATER ( IS 10500 AND W.H.O.) , COOLING;
IRRIGATION WATER AS PER IS 2490.

27. TREATABILITY STUDIES:---
 TREATABILITY STUDIES WERE CARRIED OUT MAINLY FOR
MPN, AND BACTERIAL COUNT, BOD, COD, S.S., TOTAL
HARDNESS, CARBONATE HARDNESS AND COLOUR AND
ODOUR.
 VARIOUS OPTIONS OF LABORATORY TREATMENTS WERE
CARRIED OUT FROM THE FOLLOWING :----
 COAGULATION, FLOCCULATION SEDIMENTATION AND
FILTRATION.
 CHLORINATION.
 SOFTENING BY ION EXCHANGE COLUMN.
 SOFTENING BY LIME-SODA ASH PROCESS.
 U.V. RAY TREATMENT.
 OZINATION.

28. RESULTS OF TREATMENTS:----

29. REUSE OF WASTEWATER
 types of waste:--
 Solid
 Liquid
 Gaseous
 Domestic
 Industrial
 Types of reuses:-
 Direct and Indirect & Recycling.
 Potable and non potable.

30. MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL REUSE
W.W. WITHIN THE PREMISES:
 1. DETERMINATION OF FRESH WATER SUPLY AND WASTE WATER AS A WHOLE
 2.DISTRIBUTION OF WATER WITHIN THE INDUSTRY AND COLLECTION OF W.W. FORM VARIOUS
STEAMS IN THE SAME.
 3. PROPER SEGREGATIONS, OPTIMISATION AND DISCHARGING IN TO THE W.W. TREATMENT
PLANT.
 4. PROPER DESIGNING OF W.W.TREATMENT PLANT.
 5. PROPER DECISIONS FOR TYPE OF REUSE TO BE PARCTICED FOR REUSE OF TREATED W.W. FROM
EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT. (SAY FOR IRRIGATION, GREEN BELT, TREE PLANTATIONS ETC. IN
THE PREMISES.)
 6. PROPER DESIGNING FOR THE REQUIREMENTS OF SOIL TYPE IN EACH AREA OF THE INDUSTRY.
 7.PROPER DECISION ABOUT THE TREES TO PLANTED AND NURRESERIES AND LOANS TO BE
GROWN.
 8. PROPER ASSESSMENT OF REQUIREMENTS OF WATER OF EACH PORTION OF THE PLANTETION.
 9.PROPER GESIGNING OF TREATED W.W. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM.
 10. PROPER EXECUTION SCHEDULE OF CONSTRUCTION OF FACTORY,
WATER SUPLY LINES, W.W. COLLECTION LINES, E.T.P, COSTRUCTION OF RETURN
TREATED W.W. LINES., PLANTATIONS OF TREES ETC.
. 11. CONTROL ON QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF WATER AND W.W. AND PERFORMANCE OF E.T.P.

31.  “THANK YOU ALL”….