The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Assessment & investigation of dental patientAli Tahir
This document outlines the process for conducting a thorough medical examination and workup. It discusses obtaining a detailed patient history, performing extra-oral and intra-oral clinical examinations, ordering relevant blood tests, radiographs and biopsies, and correlating all findings to reach an accurate diagnosis. A complete workup involves gathering information from the patient's history, conducting physical examinations both inside and outside the mouth, ordering diagnostic tests and imaging, and considering all factors together to understand the patient's condition.
This document outlines various special investigations that may be used in oral medicine to aid in diagnosis. It discusses tests such as imaging techniques like CT, MRI, ultrasound and sialography. It also covers biopsies including incisional, excisional, and fine needle aspiration. Microbiology tests like cultures and smears are mentioned. Hematology, blood chemistry, and other blood tests that can provide information on conditions like anemia, infections, and metabolic diseases are also summarized. The document provides details on the indications, advantages, and disadvantages of these different diagnostic tests and investigations.
The document discusses the importance of preoperative assessment and preparation of patients prior to surgery. Key aspects of assessment include taking a thorough medical history, conducting a physical examination, evaluating nutritional status, ordering relevant investigations, and determining surgical risk. Important elements of preparation are obtaining informed consent, preventing cardiovascular and respiratory complications, reducing risk of aspiration, preparing the bowels if needed, and ensuring adequate sleep, skin preparation, catheterization and pre-medication when applicable. The goals are to identify risk factors, optimize the patient's health status, and reduce postoperative complications.
The document discusses various laboratory investigations that may be advised by dentists. It describes tests related to hematology, biochemistry including renal function tests, liver function tests, lipid analysis, and electrolyte analysis. It provides reference ranges for common tests and discusses conditions that could cause increases or decreases in certain markers. The tests can help dentists screen for systemic conditions, establish diagnoses, and guide treatment and management of patients.
Malignant thyroid tumors is not as common as benign swellings of thyroid. However, you have to rule out the possibility of malignancy in all thyroid swellings.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Assessment & investigation of dental patientAli Tahir
This document outlines the process for conducting a thorough medical examination and workup. It discusses obtaining a detailed patient history, performing extra-oral and intra-oral clinical examinations, ordering relevant blood tests, radiographs and biopsies, and correlating all findings to reach an accurate diagnosis. A complete workup involves gathering information from the patient's history, conducting physical examinations both inside and outside the mouth, ordering diagnostic tests and imaging, and considering all factors together to understand the patient's condition.
This document outlines various special investigations that may be used in oral medicine to aid in diagnosis. It discusses tests such as imaging techniques like CT, MRI, ultrasound and sialography. It also covers biopsies including incisional, excisional, and fine needle aspiration. Microbiology tests like cultures and smears are mentioned. Hematology, blood chemistry, and other blood tests that can provide information on conditions like anemia, infections, and metabolic diseases are also summarized. The document provides details on the indications, advantages, and disadvantages of these different diagnostic tests and investigations.
The document discusses the importance of preoperative assessment and preparation of patients prior to surgery. Key aspects of assessment include taking a thorough medical history, conducting a physical examination, evaluating nutritional status, ordering relevant investigations, and determining surgical risk. Important elements of preparation are obtaining informed consent, preventing cardiovascular and respiratory complications, reducing risk of aspiration, preparing the bowels if needed, and ensuring adequate sleep, skin preparation, catheterization and pre-medication when applicable. The goals are to identify risk factors, optimize the patient's health status, and reduce postoperative complications.
The document discusses various laboratory investigations that may be advised by dentists. It describes tests related to hematology, biochemistry including renal function tests, liver function tests, lipid analysis, and electrolyte analysis. It provides reference ranges for common tests and discusses conditions that could cause increases or decreases in certain markers. The tests can help dentists screen for systemic conditions, establish diagnoses, and guide treatment and management of patients.
Malignant thyroid tumors is not as common as benign swellings of thyroid. However, you have to rule out the possibility of malignancy in all thyroid swellings.
İnflamatuvar Bağırsak Hastalıkları - Prof. Dr. Hülya Çetinkayaarifcan
Gastroenteroloji Hastalıkları Uzmanı Prof.Dr.Hülya Çetinkaya'dan İnflamatuvar barsak hastalıkları hakkında bilgiler içerir.
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İnflamatuvar Bağırsak Hastalıkları - Prof. Dr. Hülya Çetinkayaarifcan
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1. Dr. Amit T. Suryawanshi has developed a natural and herbal hair growth formula without steroids or chemicals.
2. The formula is claimed to provide massive hair growth, stop hair fall, and give thickness, length, and a healthy texture to hair.
3. It is made of over 300 nutrients from foods like whole grains, eggs, fish, vegetables, fruits, and is meant to provide nutrition to support hair health.
1. Dr. Amit T. Suryawanshi has developed a natural and herbal hair growth formula without steroids or chemicals.
2. The formula is claimed to provide massive hair growth, stop hair fall, and give thickness, length, and a healthy texture to hair.
3. It is made of over 300 nutrients from foods like whole grains, eggs, fish, vegetables, fruits, and is meant to provide nutrition to support hair health.
1. Dr. Amit T. Suryawanshi has developed a natural and herbal hair growth formula without steroids or chemicals.
2. The formula is claimed to provide massive hair growth, stop hair fall, and give thickness, length, and a healthy texture to hair.
3. It is made of over 300 nutrients from foods like whole grains, eggs, fish, vegetables, fruits, and is meant to provide nutrition to support hair health.
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This document provides an overview of commonly prescribed medications in pediatric dentistry, including antimicrobials, analgesics, and fluorides. It discusses the increased complexity of prescribing medications due to issues like microbial resistance and drug interactions. The document covers characteristics, warnings, precautions and dosages for various categories of medications. It emphasizes the need to adjust dosages for pediatric patients based on their lower body weight compared to adults.
How to overcome the fear & give the best presentation.
Dentist in pune.(BDS. MDS) - Dr. Amit T. Suryawanshi. Lab investigations in oral & maxillofacial surgery
1. LLaabb iinnvveessttiiggaattiioonnss iinn
DDeennttiissttrryy && OOrraall ssuurrggeerryy
DDrr.. AAmmiitt TT.. SSuurryyaawwaannsshhii
DDeennttiisstt &&OOrraall aanndd MMaaxxiillllooffaacciiaall SSuurrggeeoonn
PPuunnee,, IInnddiiaa
Contact details :
Email ID - amitsuryawanshi999@gmail.com
Mobile No - 9405622455
2. My sincere thanks to you
All staff members who has Guiding my way
through this seminar topic:
MY HOD – Dr Kiran Desai
My Guide – Dr Navin Shah
My Co Guide – Dr Rakesh Shah
My Teachers - Dr Deval Mehta
Dr Dixit Shah
Dr Kruti Shah
Dr Arvind Agrawal
Dr Rohit Tatu
Dr Amit Mahajan
Dr Nithin Shenoy
My colleagues – Dr Naiya pathak
Dr Adarsh Desai
Dr Vijayendra kumar Singh
4. Contents
7. Haematological indices:
a) Packed cell volume
b) Absolute indices:
1. Mean corpuscular volume
2. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin
3. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin
concentration.
4. Color index
5. Contents
8. Bleeding time & clotting time
9. Prothrombin time
10. APTT
11. Renal function test
12. Blood glucose estimation:
a) Random blood sugar
b) Post prandial blood sugar
13. Liver function test
14. Blood group
15. Cross matching of blood
16. Serum electrolytes
12. What information is obtained from
Hb & Hct values ?
The Hb is an indicator of oxygen carrying
capacity of blood. It is dependent primarily on
no. of RBCs & less significantly on the amount of
Hb per cell. Hb is known to vary by as much as 1
gm/dl diurnally, with peaks in the morning. The
relation between Hb & Hct is given by :
Hb x 3 = Hct
R.B.C (millions) x 3 = Hb
R.B.C x 9 = Hct
13. Are haemoglobin & haematocrit primary
indicators of blood loss & the need for
Transfusion ?
No. These are poorly early measures of bleeding
because one loses plasma & Rbc in equal
measures. It takes 2 – 3 hrs or following fluid
resuscitation before the Hb/Hct will reflect blood
loss. Previously, surgical transfusion guidelines
were 10 gm/dl or 33 % Hct , then 9 gm/dl or 25 –
30 %. Today most patients are transfused for Hb
< 7 gm/dl but the best guidelines are the vital
signs & symptoms such as shortness of breath &
exercise tolerance. Initially low Hct value
suggest chronic blood loss, which should be
supported by low MCV & a high reticulocyte
count.
14. Morphologic changes on Smears:
Poikilocytosis – Irregularly shaped RBCs
Anisocytosis – Irregular RBC size
Sickle cell – Crescent or sickle shaped
RBCs seen with decreased oxygen
tension.
Howel jolly bodies – Large RBC basophilic
inclusions, megaloblastic anemia,
splenectomy, hemolysis.
67. Time Fasting ½ hr 1 hr 2 hrs 2 ½ hrs
Blood
sugar(mg
%)
70 - 110 30 – 60
Above
Fasting
level
20 -50
Above
fasting
level
5 -15
Above
fasting
level
Fasting
level or
below
Urine sugar Absent
through out
the test
6677
Normal Glucose tolerance curve :
68. 6688
Diminished glucose
tolerance
Increased Glucose
tolerance
Lag tolerance curve
Diabetes mellitus,
Hyperactivity of Thyroid,
Injection of ACTH,
Severe disease of Pancreas
& liver
Hypothyroidism,
Hypoadrenalism,
Hypopituitarism, Coeliac
disease, Sprue , Idiopathic
Steatorrhoea.
Impaired absorption of
carbohydrate is the cause.
Greater rise in blood sugar
is due to delay in insulin
mechanism coming into
action.This type of curve is
termed Lag curve. It is more
probably due to an
increased rate of absorption
of glucose from the
intestine, following rapid
emptying of stomach.This
condition is harmless & not
likely to develop into
diabetes later.
Abnormal Glucose curve :
78. Results:
If agglutination occurs with antiserum A Blood
group is A.
If agglutination occurs with antiserum B Blood
group is B.
If agglutination occurs with both antisera A & B
Blood group is
AB.
If agglutination doesn’t occur with antiserum A
or B
Blood group is O.
79. Cross matching:
For blood typing, RBC of the individual
(recipient) & test sera are used.
Cross matching is done by mixing the
serum of recipient & RBCs of donor. In
clinics, Cross matching is always done
before blood transfusion. If agglutination of
RBCs from a donor occurs during Cross
matching, the blood from that person is
not used for Transfusion.
81. Blood investigations:
Serum Electrolytes:
Sodium (Na)
Sodium is primarily responsible for
maintaining osmotic pressure. In other
words, it maintains intracellular and
extracellular fluid levels in the body. An
increased serum sodium is present in
states of dehydration as a result of
diarrhea or vomiting. Low sodium levels
usually are a result of too much water in
the body.
Normal values: 135 - 145 Meq/L
82. Potassium (K)
Potassium is a major component in
cardiac function. Even small changes in
Potassium can cause abnormal cardiac
arrhythmias, affecting cardiac function.
Too much potassium in the blood is
usually caused by poor kidney function
and can cause abnormal and sometimes
fatal abnormalities in the heart rhythm.
Low potassium levels are usually the
result of potassium loss from excessive
urination or from vomiting. A potassium
level that is too low can cause abnormal
heart rhythms.
Normal values: 3.5 - 5.0 mEQ/L
83. Chloride (Cl)
In combination with sodium, chloride
maintains fluid levels by regulating
osmotic pressure in the blood. An elevated
chloride usually results from abnormal
kidney function. A chloride level below
normal usually results from excessive
vomiting or diarrhea.
Normal values: 100 - 106
84. Serum calcium
All cells require calcium to function.
Calcium is especially important in the
structure of bones and in neuromuscular
(nerves and muscles) activity. A deficiency
of calcium in the body fluids causes
hyperexcitable nerves and muscles.
Excess calcium has the opposite effect.
Normal values range from 9 to 11 mg/dL.
85. Serum phosphorus
The serum phosphorus test measures the
amount of phosphate in the blood.
Most of the body's phosphorus is combined with
calcium in the bones, but about 15% exists -- as
phosphate (PO4) ions -- in the blood and other
soft tissues and body fluids. Dietary phosphorus
is efficiently absorbed, so a low PO4 level
caused by dietary deficiency is unlikely in those
on a normal diet unless the person has a
malabsorption syndrome (inadequate absorption
of nutrients in the intestinal tract.