Potatoes originated in Peru but are now widely grown globally. India is the second largest producer of potatoes in the world. Potato varieties grown in India include Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Chandramukhi, and Kufri Chamatkar. Potatoes prefer cool temperatures between 15-25°C and well-drained soils. Production involves land preparation, planting seed potatoes in ridges or beds, applying fertilizers, irrigation, weed control, and protecting against diseases like early and late blight. Breeding methods aim to develop higher yielding, stress resistant varieties.