This document describes the ear to row method of plant breeding in cross-pollinated plants. The ear to row method involves selecting individual plants based on phenotype, allowing them to open pollinate, growing progeny rows from the seed of each plant, evaluating the progeny rows for desirable traits, selecting superior progenies, and repeating the process over multiple cycles of selection and progeny testing to improve the crop variety. It was developed by Hopkins in 1908 and is commonly used for maize breeding. The method allows for selection based on progeny performance rather than just plant phenotype.
Hybridization between individuals from different species belonging to the same genus or two different genera, is termed as distant hybridization or wide hybridization, and such crosses are known as distant crosses or wide crosses.
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Pureline and Mass selection methods of plant breedingNeha Kakade
Plant breeding is the process of manipulating plant species in order to create desired traits, such as increased yield, disease resistance, or improved nutritional content. It involves careful selection and crossing of plants with desirable characteristics over several generations to achieve the desired outcome. Introduction to pureline selection, characteristics of pureline, history, applications of pureline selection, general procedure of pureline selection, advantages and disadvantages of pureline selection, achievements.
Introduction to mass selection, applications of mass selection, Procedure of mass selection, merits of mass selection, demerits of mass selection, achievements of mass selection, difference between mass and pureline selection.
In pureline a large number of plants are selected from a self pollinated crop and are harvested individually, individual plant progenies from them are then evaluated, and the best progeny is released as a pureline variety. Therefore pureline selection is also known as individual plant selection.
In mass selection, a large number of plantsof similar phenotype are selected and their seeds are mixed together to constitute the new variety.
Mass selection is used for improvement of local varieties. Also used for purification of existing purelines.
Mass selection is a plant breeding method where plants with desirable traits are selected and allowed to interbreed to produce the next generation. It's a relatively simple approach, often used in the early stages of breeding programs to improve traits such as yield, disease resistance, or adaptation to specific environments. However, it may not be as precise or efficient as other breeding methods, such as pedigree selection or molecular breeding techniques.
Pureline selection is a breeding method focused on selecting and propagating individual plants that consistently exhibit desirable traits from generation to generation. It involves isolating plants with specific characteristics and allowing them to self-pollinate, ensuring genetic uniformity within the resulting offspring. This method is particularly effective for traits controlled by single genes and is commonly used to develop pure, uniform varieties in crops.
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SELECTION METHODS IN SELF-POLLINATED CROPS viz., mass selection, pureline sel...AMIT RANA Ph. D Scholar
MASS SELECTION
Mass selection is a method of breeding in which individual plants are selected on the basis of phenotype from a mixed population , their seeds are bulked and used to grow the next generation.
Selection cycle may be repeated one or more times to increase the frequency of favorable alleles - phenotypic recurrent selection.
PURELINE SELECTION
A pureline is the progeny of a single homozygous plant of a self-pollinated species. All the plants in a pureline have the same genotype and the phenotypic variation within a pureline is due to the environment alone and has no genetic basis. However, variation within a pureline is not heritable. Hence selection in a pureline is not effective. Johannsen (1903,1926), a Danish biologist, developed the concept of pureline theory working with Princess variety of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), which showed variation for seed size. From a commercial seed lot he selected seeds of different sizes and grew them separately. The progenies differed in seed size. Progenies from larger seeds produced larger seeds than those obtained from smaller seeds. This clearly showed that the variation in seed size in the commercial seed lot of princess variety had a genetic base. As a result selection for seed size was effective.
Introduction
PEDIGREE SELECTION
Pedigree selection is a widely used method of breeding self-pollinated species.
A key difference between pedigree selection and mass selection or pure-line selection is that hybridization is used to generate variability (for the base population), unlike the other methods in which production of genetic variation is not a feature.
The method was first described by H. H. Lowe in 1927.
Pedigree selection is a breeding method in which the breeder keeps records of the ancestry of the cultivar.
The base population is established by crossing selected parents, followed by handling an actively segregating population.
Documentation of the pedigree enables breeders to trace parent–progeny back to an individual F2 plant from any subsequent generation.
The breeder should develop an effective, easy to maintain system of record keeping.
Pedigree selection is applicable to breeding species that allow individual plants to be observed, described, and harvested separately.
In this presentation you will come to know about the HANDLING OF SEGREGATING GENERATIONS, that is (PEDIGREE METHOD, MASS PEDIGREE METHOD, BULK METHOD, SINGLE SEED DESCENT METHOD).
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Ear to row method
1. EAR TO ROW METHOD
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding
Faculty of Agriculture
Sam Higginbottom Institute Agriculture, Technology and Sciences
(Formerly Allahabad Agriculture Institute)
Deemed-to-be-University
Allahabad
Mail Id- mail2devhingra@gmail.com
Dev Hingra
2. Nature and man are interdependent; protection of the
environment will be in the interest of man himself.
– Mahatma Gandhi
3. METHOD OF PLANT BREEDING IN CROSS
POLLINATED PLANTS – SELECTION WITH PROGENY
TESTING
With Progeny Testing:
In this method initial plants are selected on the
basis of their phenotype, but the final selection
of plant based on progeny test. This method
includes progeny selection on ear to row method
and recurrent selection.
4. PROGENY SELECTION (EAR TO ROW
METHOD):
Hopkins in 1908 developed this method,
extensively used in maize.
A method in which selection is carried
out on progenies derived from individual ears
is called Ear To Row Method.
5. PROCEDURE
In its simplest form it consists of
i) 50- 100 number of plants are selected on the
basis of their phenotype and are allowed to
open pollinate. The seeds from individual plants
are harvested separately.
ii) A single row of 10-50 plants i.e a progeny row,
is grown from each selected plant. The progeny
rows are evaluated for desirable character and
superior are identified.
6. iii) Several phenotypically superior plants are
selected from the superior progenies and
selected plants are permitted to open
pollinate.
iv) Small progeny rows are again grown from
the selected plants, and the process of
selection is repeated.
Conti..
7. ORIGINAL
POPULATION
MAY BE REPEATED
ONE OR MORE TIMES
YIELD TRIALS
FIRST
YEAR
SECOND
YEAR
THIRD
YEAR
i) Plants selected on the basis of
phenotype
ii) Open-pollinated seed from each
plant harvested separately
i) Small progeny rows grown from
the selected plants
ii) Superior progenies identified and
selected
iii) Plants allowed to open-pollinate;
seed is harvested separately
EAR-TO-ROWMETHOD
Same as in second year
First
selection
cycle
Second
selection
cycle
Third
selection
cycle
8. MERITS EARTO ROWMETHOD:
1.It is based on progeny test and not on the
phenotypes of individual plants hence it is far
more accurate reflection of the genotype than
phenotype.
2.Inbreeding may be avoided if care is taken to
select a sufficiently large number of plant
progenies.
3.Selection scheme is relatively simple and easy.
9. DEMERITS EAR TO ROWMETHOD:
1. There is no control on pollination and plants are
allowed to open-pollinate. Thus the selection is
based on the maternal parent only
2. The selection time is two years. Thus the time
required for selection is as much as in the case
of mass selection
10. REFERENCES
Principles and methods of Plant breeding
B.D. Singh
Essentials of plant breeding
Phundan singh