This document discusses agronomic strategies for enhancing seed potato production. It begins by providing background on potato as a crop, including its origins and importance. It then covers taxonomy and morphology of potato, as well as current area, production and productivity statistics globally and for India. The rest of the document discusses best practices for seed potato production, including the system of seed certification and standards, importance of disease-free seed, and effect of various agronomic practices like seed treatment, spacing, fertilizer and irrigation management, on seed potato quality and yield. Tables provide data on the effect of mechanical and chemical seed treatments, plant growth regulators, biofertilizers, and nitrogen levels on seed potato germination, growth and yield.
Methods of varietal identification in crops .This ppt includes a summed up details of all the types of varietal identification methods used in identifying crop
seed moisture content,objective, definition, principle, methods of moisture content determination, equipments used for moisture test, types of air oven methods, testing procedure, use of tolerance tables in moisture content estimation, reporting of results, examples of crop species suitable for different method of determination of moisture content, estimation of moisture by using moisture meters
Methods of varietal identification in crops .This ppt includes a summed up details of all the types of varietal identification methods used in identifying crop
seed moisture content,objective, definition, principle, methods of moisture content determination, equipments used for moisture test, types of air oven methods, testing procedure, use of tolerance tables in moisture content estimation, reporting of results, examples of crop species suitable for different method of determination of moisture content, estimation of moisture by using moisture meters
This Presentation is about Lentil (Lens culinaris), also known as Massur, Masoor, Masura. This Presentation includes Introduction, Biological Classification, Morphology of Lentil Plant, Floral Biology, Origin, Cytology, Breeding Objectives, Breeding Procedures, Diseases and Insects damage the Lentil Crop,
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL Arvind Yadav
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL .BRINJAL
Botanical name : Solanum melongena
Family : Solanaceae
Chromosome No. : 2n = 24
Origin : India
Common name : Eggplant, Aubergine.
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
Pulses R & D in India by Dr. S K Datta, Deputy Director General, Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Presentation at The Pulses Conclave 2014 by India Pulse & Grains Association, IPGA
This Presentation is about Lentil (Lens culinaris), also known as Massur, Masoor, Masura. This Presentation includes Introduction, Biological Classification, Morphology of Lentil Plant, Floral Biology, Origin, Cytology, Breeding Objectives, Breeding Procedures, Diseases and Insects damage the Lentil Crop,
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL Arvind Yadav
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL .BRINJAL
Botanical name : Solanum melongena
Family : Solanaceae
Chromosome No. : 2n = 24
Origin : India
Common name : Eggplant, Aubergine.
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
Pulses R & D in India by Dr. S K Datta, Deputy Director General, Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Presentation at The Pulses Conclave 2014 by India Pulse & Grains Association, IPGA
Weed control is an important agronomic practice that improves growth and maximizes yield in maize. An experiment was carried out to investigate the ‘effect of different weed control methods on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the western highlands of Cameroon. The work was carried out during the 2017/2018 main cropping season from the 14th of March to the 14th of July at the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Bambui experimental field. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The experiment comprised of seven treatments: weedy check or control (T1), constant hand hoeing (T2), delay hand hoeing (T3), pre-emergence herbicide application of Atrazine 90 DF ( 0.9 kg ha-1) (T4), post-emergence herbicide application of Ultramais 100 SC (1.9 litre ha-1) (T5), pre- herbicide application of Atrazine 90 DF ( 0.9 kg ha-1) + Ultramais 100 SC (1.9 litre ha-1) (T6) and delay post-emergence herbicide application of Ultramais 100 SC (1.9 litre ha-1) (T7). The white maize variety CHC 201 (“KASAI”) was used during the experiment and sown in plot sizes of 4 m x 5 m with a planting density of 80cm by 50cm with 2 plants per station with the aim of achieving a plant population of 50,000 plants ha-1. All agronomic practices were followed from planting to harvesting. The data recorded were plant height, number of green leaves per plant, leaf area, stem girth, days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, ear height, ear length, ear girth, number of gain rows per ear, number of gains per ear, 1000 grain weight and grain yield.. The data collected were analyzed with the aid of STATGRAPHICS Plus 5.0 Software and ANOVA was run to find the differences between the various treatments. The highest 1000 grain weight (314.13g) came from the pre-emergence plus post-emergence herbicide application treatment and did not differ significantly (P˃0.05) from the constant hand hoeing treatment (307.83g). The lowest 1000 grain weight (234.67g) was seen in the weedy check treatment. The constant hand hoeing had the highest grain yield (6.27 ton ha-1) and this did not differ significantly (P˃0.05) from the pre-emergence plus post-emergence herbicide application treatment (6.07 ton ha-1). The lowest grain yield (3.18 ton ha-1) was seen in the weedy check treatment. From the study, the pre-emergence plus post-emergence herbicide application may be recommended for increasing maize yield particularly in the case of high scale production.
Presented at the Pulses for Sustainable Agriculture and Human Health” on 31 May-1 June 2016 at NASC, New Delhi, India. The conference was jointly organised by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), TCi of Cornell University (TCi-CU) and Agriculture Today.
Functional Genomics Prospective of Chickpea Breeding: Constraints and Future ...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important legume crop, cultivated in semi-arid and warm temperate zones. It is rich in protein so, one of the most important ingredients of human as well as animal feed. It is grown over 50 countries and traded across 140 countries of the world. The advancement in the development in the genomic resource it made the chickpea enable to adapt the biotic and abiotic stresses. We can create the genetic variability through conventional and non-conventional breeding methods because it is the basic key for breeder. The modern tools of biotechnology and genomic technology in chickpea will improved the breeding program of chickpea and decrease the time to develop new cultivars. However, the efforts have already been directed towards the chickpea improvement by the utilization of the genomics and biotechnological tools. Use of these techniques is expected to be very important in future breeding program. This review covered the genomics perspective of chickpea, constrains and future directions.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/fulltext/MCDA.000567.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For more articles on journal of agronomy and crop science please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/
Zerihun Tadele
Institute of Plant Sciences
University of Bern
30 - 31 August 2018. Gent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium. IPBO conference 2018: “Scientific innovation for a sustainable development of African agriculture”
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2. Introduction
• Major non-cereal food crop, ranks 4th in
production in the world after wheat, maize and
rice.
• Originated in Andean region i.e. Southern Peru
and Bolivia where it is domesticated 7000-
10000 year ago.
• Europeans introduced potato in India during
late 16th century or early 17th century
• The Great Famine, due to blight in the 1845
which resulted in 1 million Irish people dying
and another 1 million migrating.
3. •Family Solanaceae
•Important cultivated species
Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena
•2n= 48, tetraploid
•Cross pollinated
•About 60 cm high culm
•Green cherry fruits (300 seed in each)
•Potato stolons: lateral stems grow horizontally
•Potato tubers: modified stem, initiation of
young tubers at the tip of stolons at 35-40 DAP,
process called tuberization.
•Minute scale leaves with buds (eyes)
Stolon Tuber
Taxonomy & Morphology
Fruit
Flower
4. Area, Production & Productivity
World
Total Production = 368.1 m t
China = 88.9 m t
India = 44.31 m t
Russia = 30.2 m t
India
Area = 2.02 m ha
Production = 44.31 m t
Productivity = 219.6 q/ha
Punjab
Area = 85250 ha
Production = 2.13 m t
Productivity = 249.8 q/ha Source: FAO, 2013-14
www.indiastat.com
1/3 of total produced by
China and India.
Major potato producing states:
U.P., W.B., Bihar, Punjab, Haryana
5. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1949-50 1959-60 1969-70 1979-80 1989-90 1999-00 2003-04 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Area (Lakh ha)
Production (mt)
Yield (t/ha)
Increase in area, production and productivity of Potato in India
(1949/50 – 2012-13)
www.indiastat.com
6. Current Scenario
India is producing 45.34 m tons (2012-13) from
1.99 m ha at an average productivity of 21.9
t/ha.
2.96 m tons (8.5%) of the produce is used as
seed.
2.8 m tons (7.5%) of the produce is processed.
0.1 m tons are exported
Post harvest losses are nearly 16% of the total
produce.
www.indiastat.com
7. Potato Research in India
Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla (CPRI)
established in 1949
It has 7 research centres
• CPRIC, Modipuram, Meerut (UP)
• CPRS, Jalandhar (Punjab)
• CPRS, Gwalior (MP)
• CPRS, Patna (Bihar)
• CPRS, Kufri-Fagu, Shimla (HP)
• CPRS, Udagamandalam (Tamilnadu)
• CPRS, Shillong (Meghlaya)
All India Coordinated Reseaech Project Potato (AICRP),1970
has headquarter at CPRI, Shimla has a nationwide network of 25
centers (7 CPRI based centers, 17 SAU based centers and 1 Voluntary
center)
9. Microtubers: 50-60% survival
Field multiplication-1 Field multiplication-2 Basic or Breeder Seed
Microplants
Microtubers Minitubers
Culturing in liquid media Microtuber in vitro
Micro Propagation
10. VIRUSES
Potato Virus X Potato Virus S Potato Virus M
Potato Virus Y Potato Leaf Roll Virus Potato Virus A
Tuber Indexing by ELISA
11. Clonal field multiplication
100 x 100 cm, 100% tested, individual
harvest
STAGE - I STAGE - II
Separate clones in rows in field
100 x 20 cm; rogue; 100% tested in
composite sample; bulk harvest
Breeder seed Stage III and IV, 60X20 cm,
rogue, bulk harvested
12. SYSTEM OF SEED PRODUCTION
Tuber selection and indexing (Nucleus seed)
Nucleus seed
13. True Potato Seed (TPS)
True Potato Seed (TPS) can be used in 3
ways:-
1. Direct seeding of TPS in the field
2. Transplanting TPS derived seedlings
3. Planting seedling tubers raised from TPS
Problems:
1. Low germination %age
2. Heavy weed problems
3. Slow growth of plants
4. Dormancy period of 4-6 months
5. Isolation: 50m
14. SEED POTATO
Potato tuber of definite size are used
for further multiplication
Should be free from all viral diseases
Should not have been grown in areas
where wart, cyst nematode and other
quarantine diseases are endemic
Should be either free from soil and
tuber borne diseases or carry them
within permissible limits
Should be of proper physiological age
15. Advantages
• Seed has a high % germination
• Crop has a better rate of
establishment
• Seed has a higher yield
• Seed is true to type
• Fewer pests and diseases
• Easier to market the crop
• Quite expensive
•Isolation required
•Non availability
•Transportation
•Lack of awareness
•Requirement non-infested field
from pathogens
Disadvantages
Certified seed
16. General Seed Certification Standards for Seed
Potato
I. Classification :
1. Hill Seed (HS): 2500 m ASL
2. Plains seed (PS): where low aphid infestation during the crop growing season
II. Land Requirements : not infested with wart , cyst forming nematodes, brown
rot within the previous 3 years or common scab.
III. Field Inspection: Minimum 4 inspections :
First inspection:
In the hills- 45 DAP
In Plains- 35 DAP
Second inspection: 60-70 DAP
Third inspection: Immediately after haulms cutting/destruction
Fourth inspection:10 days after haulms cutting/destruction
IV. Isolation: 5 m for FS and CS
17. Seed Standards for seed potato
Size Mean length and two widths at the
middle of tuber
Corresponding weight
Hill seed (HS)
Seed size 30mm-60mm 25-150gm
Large size above 60mm above 150gm
Plains seed (HS)
Small size 30 mm- 55 mm 25-125gm
Large size above 55 mm above 125 gm
1. Size based on mean length or weight
2. Permissible limit for non seed size tuber <5.0% (by number)
3. Cut, cracked tubers < 1.0% (by weight.)
4. Greenish pigmentation allowed
18. Shift from hills to plains
Before
1970 Seed production shifted from the
hills to the northern plains to cater
to the large demand of seed.
Hill seed may not of right
physiological age for use in the
plains
Hill soils may carries soil borne
pathogens due to continuous
potato production, which often not
found in the plains
Long distance transport
Area in hills is insufficient for seed
production
20. COMPONENTS OF SEED PLOT
TECHNIQUE
Systemic granular insecticide at planting/earthing
Removal of off types & diseased plants
1-2 sprays of systemic insecticide + Metalaxyl-Mancozeb in Dec- Jan
Crop rotation 2-3 yrs
Tuber treatment- boric acid
Source: Seed potato production manual
CPRI,Shimla
21. IMPACT OF SEED PLOT TECHNIQUE
CPRI produce =2550 t Breeder seed/year
CPRI give =2000 t to NSC or SSCs
Saving US $ in million annually on seed import
India is the only Asian country with a well established, scientific seed production programme.
2000 t Breeder Seed
12000 t Foundation seed
(Stage- I)
72000 t Foundation seed
(Stage- II)
432000 t or 0.43 mt
Certified seed (Stage- I)
Seed requirement of country
= 1.99 m ha X 3.0 t/ha
= 5.97 m t
Solution: Farmer can own seed with suitable
agronomic strategies, free from virus and
diseases
Multiplication rate 6 times
22. Different Agronomic practices involved in production
of quality seed potato
1. Seed treatment (Growth regulator, Microbial)
2. Seed rate
3. Seed size
4. Spacing
5. Method of planting
6. Inter-culture (Earthing up etc.)
7. Irrigation
8. Fertilizer management
9. Weed management
10.Haulm cutting
38. Table 16: Effect of combination of organic and inorganic nutrients on
potato (pooled over two years)
Treatment Number of
tuber per
m2
Total yield
(t/ha)
Cost of
Cultivatio
n
B:C ratio
Control 43.39 10.87 30221 1.41
100% Organic 52.76 22.30 38912 2.22
100% Inorganic 59.42 27.51 42140 2.52
75% organic + 25% Inorganic 55.22 24.43 39211 2.40
60% Organic + 40% Inorganic 57.37 27.53 40250 2.67
50% Organic + 50% Inorganic 59.84 28.12 40974 2.72
40% Organic + 60% Inorganic 61.31 28.82 41082 2.80
25% Organic + 75% Inorganic 59.12 27.23 42012 2.52
CD(p=0.05) NS 1.27 - -
Sarkar et al (2011), Nadia, W.B.
Potato J 38(1): 78-80
* % of Organic manures was calculated on the basis of N-equivalent of the recommended dose
39. Table 17: Effect of different planting pattern and drip irrigation on total tuber
yield, WUE and on economics
Treatment Total
yield
(q/ha)
Water
applied
mm
WUE
kg/ha-mm
Seed rate
(q/ha)
Cost of
Cultivation
Gross
returns
M1 268 700 38.3 30 61,000 71,500
M2 334 425 79.0 30 71,400 95,600
M3 338 425 79.5 30 71,400 98,000
M4 361 425 84.9 40 78,000 1,02,500
M5 417 425 98.1 40 78,000 1,30,500
M6 391 425 92.0 43 83,000 1,12,400
CD(p=0.05) 73.0 - - - - -
Patel et al (2010), Deesa, Gujarat
PotatoJ 37: 64-67
M1 = Furrow irrigation method
M2 = Ridges and Furrow (50 cm apart)- Drip lateral in each furrow
M3 = Flat method (50 cm apart)- Drip lateral between two rows
M4 = Paired row (75 cm bed)- Drip lateral between two rows 20cm apart
M5 = Broad bed of 150 cm with drip at alternate line (two lateral, 4 rows, 30 cm apart)
M6 = Broad bed of 210 cm with drip at alternate line (three lateral, 6 rows, 30 cm apart)
41. Table 19: Effect of different methods of weed control on WCE, tuber yield and net returns
Treatment No. of
weed/0.25
m2
Dry wt. of
weed at
harvest
(g m2)
WCE
(%)
Tuber
yield
(q/ha)
Net
return
Rs./ha
B:C
Fluchloralin@ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 5.28 1.37 79.7 149.4 36522 1.57
Fluchloralin@ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 4.98 1.33 80.7 161.7 40799 1.71
Pendimethalin@ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 5.91 1.45 74.9 111.5 21071 0.90
Pendimethalin@ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 5.78 1.45 74.6 116.4 22244 0.92
Metribuzin@ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 4.29 0.98 90.1 190.2 51959 2.15
Metribuzin@ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 4.30 1.16 87.1 185.4 49316 1.99
Diuron@ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 4.70 1.22 85.6 174.7 47517 2.12
Diuron@ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 4.92 1.23 84.4 166.4 43990 1.95
Farmer practice 4.96 1.25 84.4 172.4 43585 1.72
Weed free check 3.28 0.58 96.8 201.3 51520 1.78
Unweeded Check 9.05 2.04 0.00 78.0 9484 0.44
CD= 0.05 0.83 0.30 7.80 12.98
Channappa (2007), Dharwad, Karnataka
Karnataka J Agric Sci 20: 715-18
42. Table 20: Effect of different weed management methods on weed density, weed dry
weight, tuber number and yield of potato crop (pool over two years)
Treatment Weed count/ m2 Weed dry
weight/m2
Tuber no.
(‘000/ha)
Tuber weight
(q/ha)
Weed
index
(%)30
DAP
80
DAP
30
DAP
80
DAP
Mark-
etable
Total Mark-
etable
Total
Control 366.6 429.0 6.0 45.3 434.6 559.3 334.2 348.7 15.3
Weed free - - - - 527.0 688.3 396.1 411.5 0
One Weeding +
Earthing up
350.9 67.4 5.5 4.8 446.0 559.7 345.8 358.9 12.8
Prometryn 50 WP
(1.0 kg/ha)
49.5 103.8 1.2 7.1 515.2 663.2 388.1 408.1 0.8
Prometryn 50 WP
(1.5 kg/ha)
44.1 52.8 1.1 2.5 497.1 633.2 384.2 401.5 2.4
Pendimethalin 30 EC 37.6 71.1 1.0 5.8 476.9 598.2 379.5 393.9 4.3
CD (p=0.05) 86.6 30.7 2.3 5.8 34.7 78.7 47.4 38.0 -
Kumar et al (2009), Modipuram (U.P.)
Potato J 36(1-2): 72-74
43. Farm implements and machines
Potato production made less labour intensive, increased economic viability and timely
operations through development of various farm machinery/implements
Manually/engine operated endless screen type potato
grader
Poato Harvester
44. Conclusion
Seed treatment with GA3 and Thiourea helps in breaking the
dormancy
Seed size of 30-40g gives higher yield of seed size tubers.
60 x 15 spacing is optimum for higher yield of seed size tubers
and in economic terms as well.
Haulm cutting at 80-90 DAP produces more no. of seed size
tubers
Application of FYM increase the seed tuber yield and total
yield
Drip irrigation improves the Water Use Efficiency.
Fertilization through integrated nutrient management gives
more returns per rupees invested.
Chemical weed control helps in large scale seed production.