the presentation gives in brief idea and in depth information on cultivation practices in the horticultural crop of potato and its production through true potato seed technique. the physiological disorders in potato and irradiation in potato are also been explained

1. 1
University Of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
College Of Agriculture, Vijayapura
Department of Horticulture

2. Potato
Production Technology and TPS
UGS16AGR8073
Brahmesh Reddy B R

3. 3
ORIGIN
•Central region of South America
•Potato was introduced to India from Europe in the beginning of the seventeenth century,
probably by the Portuguese.

4. Area And Distribution
•2nd in area and production after China.
•In India UP ranks 1st in production
•West Bengal stands 1st in productivity
with 24 mt/ha.
•Gujrath stands 1st in productivity with
22.5mt/ha.
•During the year 2015-16, India
produced 43.41 million tones of potato
from an area of 2.11 million ha with an
average productivity of 20.6 t/ha.
4
Solanum tuberosum L. Carolus Linnaeus

5. 5
Basically a crop of temperate region,
fast growing, short duration, cash
crop, high yield potential.
Cool/winter/Rabi season crop or
summer crop.
Tuberization → At stolon tips/ends
Semi-Hardy crop
Very Low respiration rate (<10 mg
CO2/kg/ha).
Shallow rooted vegetable, Long Day
Plant.
Photosynthetically C3 Plant
Potato

6. 6
Potato facts
Botanical Name Solanum tuberosum L. Carolus Linnaeus
Genus Solanum
Species 7 cultivated + 154 wild
Commercially
important spp 2 species (Solanum tuberosum and
Solanum andigenum)
Origin SouthAmerica
Family Solanaceae
Edible part Tuber
2n 4x=48 (Basic chromosome No. is 12)
Mode of reproduction Vegetative propagation

7. 7
Climatic
requirements
•Optimum temperature 15 to 200C
•Night temperature 200C is favorable and
Night temp. >200C Do not tuberize.
• At 300C → tuberization stop
•For best yields, it needs long day condition during
growth & short day condition during tuberization.
•Long photoperiod → Promotes
haulm growth but delay
tuberization
• Short photoperiod → Reduces
haulm growth but early tuberization

8. 8
Soil
requirements
•Potato can be grown in all types of soil
except saline and alkaline soils.
•friable with good drainage and
aeration.
•pH 6.0 to8.0
•Excellent Potato crop is grown under
river-bed system of cultivation

9. 9
Tuber rate
•Seed tubers 2.5 to 3 t/ha
•Pre-sprouted-healthy tuber
are used.
•1500 kg/ ha tubers for
riverbed.
•Tubers have a 2-3 months
rest period/dormant period
after harvest.

10. Tuber treatment
10
•Dry Treatment (For 1000 kg cut pieces)
•(For soft rot): for 1 acre take mancozeb 1kg + 5 kg Talcum powder (1:5
ratio)
•Keep the treated pieces in the shade for 8 to 10 hrs after planting in the field
•Use 0.5% CuSo4 Solution
•For proper sprouting Soaking of pieces into Solution of 1 % thiourea + 1
ppm GA3 for 1 hr to get proper sprouting.
•Dormancy – broken by treating the tubers with thiourea, ethylene,
chlorohydrin and GA3 at time planting.
•Control for soil borne diseases: 0.2 %Diathane M-45 Solution keeps under

11. 11
Planting
•01.
•02.
•03.

12. 12
Planting
•04.
•05.
•06.

13. 13
Planting
•07.
•08. Then irrigate as according to the schedule.
•09.

14. 14
Fertilizer requirement (INM)
FYM N
kg/ha
P
kg/ha
K
kg/ha
Time of application
25 to 30
t/ha +
1 t castor
cake
110 110 220 At the planting time in furrow
110 0 0 Top dressing – at the time of earthing
up after weeding (35 to 40 days)
Total 220 110 220

15. Irrigation
•Germination or Sprouting – 25 days after planting,
•Initiation of tuber – 40 days after planting and Development of tuber - 50 to 70 days
after plating
•First irrigation given at 10 to 12 days or after germination
•Total 8 to 10 irrigations→ loamy soil (8 to 10 days interval)
•Total 14 to 15 irrigations → sandy soil (6 to 8 days interval) 15

16. 16
Drip irrigation
• In Drip method, Lateral in the
each line, Dripper at 60 cm
• Discharge rate 4 litre/hr
• Dec.-Jan → 45 minutes at
alternate day,
• Feb → 68 minutes at alternate
day

17. 17
Intercultural/Weed management
• 2 to 3 Interculturing operation
• Pre-emergence spray of Metribuzin 70% WP (Sanker) 400g / 600 l water
• For 1 ha of area when ample moisture is there or (Paraquate). 24 EC 2.5 l
/ 1000 l of water

18. 18
Earthing up
It is an important operation.
To provide optimum conditions for
tuberization earthing up should be done in
such a way that adequate amount of soil
remain to cover the tubers.
It is always better to do earthing up at the
time of top dressing of nitrogenous
fertilizers.
 First earthing up: 30-35 days after
planting
 Second earthing up: 25-30 days after

19. 19
Why earthing up?
•01.
•02.

20. 20
Why earthing up?
•03.
•04.

21. 21
Why earthing up?
•05.

22. 22
Seed Plot Technique
• Seed Plot Technique is discovered by Pushkarnath, 1967
• The basic information on build up of aphid population in various regions
made it possible to develop Seed Plot Technique for growing healthy seed
potato in sub tropical plains of India under low aphid periods.
• Seed plot technique in brief can be described as raising the crop during a
period, when aphid population is very low after taking pre-cautions such as
use of insecticides against aphids, periodical rouging of mosaic (virus)
affected plants and finally dehaulming the crop before aphids population
attained the critical level of 20 aphids per 100 compound leaves.

23. 23
Seed plot technique

24. 24
True Potato Seed Technology
•Traditionally, seed tubers have been used to plant potato crop. This practice,
especially for developing countries is a major limiting factor because seed
tuber represents 40-70% of a crop production cost. (by Ramanujam in1957)
•Two tonnes of costly, perishable seed tubers are needed to plant one hectare
•The seed producing areas are located in the north of the country where
seed tuber production is taken up during low aphid incidence.
•Hence, the seeds from north are to be transported over long distances to
other potato growing areas leading to escalation cost.
•In some areas adequate cold storage facilities are also lacking.
•These problems have led the development of an alternate technology, which
envisages the use of botanical seed or the true potato seed (TPS).

25. 25
Advantages of TPS
• Byusing TPS,the entire tuber harvest would become available for table
purpose
• Cost of seed would be cheaper as very small quantity will be needed to
plant unit area, Transport of TPS is inexpensive and simple.
• 100 grams of TPS can replace 2 tonnes of seed tubers required for planting
one hectare.
• TPS may introduce potato cultivation into new areas where good quality
seed tubers are difficult to produce or store economically.
• TPS canbe stored for relatively longer period of time and does not require
expensive and specialized storage structures as required for seed tubers.
• Disease transmission by TPS is less than by seed tubers. Hence, the crop

26. 26
Harvesting and yield

27. Harvesting
and yield
350-450 quintals per ha marketable
potatoes
early maturing varieties is 20 t/ha
late maturing varieties is 30 t/h.
25 to 35 t / ha in field condition and 40 to
50 t /ha in riverbed condition

28. Packaging
and storage
28
The harvested potatoes are packed in
jute gunny bags
They can also be put in to netted bags for
retail purpose.

29. Storage methods
29
Room Storage
•The room should have a good
ventilation.
•The doors and ventilators
should be fitted with insect-
proof wire-nets. Potatoes
can be stored in single
layers on sand.
•Frequent examination is necessary to
discard tubers showing rotting
symptoms.

30. Pit Storage
30
•pits 60-75 cm deep and 2.5 metre long
and 1 metre wide.
•Water is sprinkled inside the pit to
achieve the cooling effect.
•After two days neem leaves, dry grass
or sugarcane trash is lined all round
the pit from inside.
•Bamboo chimneys of 1.5 metre
length are placed inside the pit 1 metre
apart for facilitating evaporation of the
moisture deposited due to transpiration
of the stored tubers.
•Pits are then filled with tubers leaving
15 cm on top followed by a one-foot
layer of dry grass. A thatch is provided
over the pit as protection from rain and

31. 31
Cold storage
This is the best method of storing potatoes.
At optimum conditions, potatoes should have
good quality after storage of 3 to 5 weeks. Best
temperature and humidity conditions for
potatoes are as follows
Potatoes in the cold storage are spread over the
shelf to a thickness of not more than 30 cm.
Intended Use
Temperature
RH (%)
Seed 2.4 C 95
Table 7°C 98
Processing 8-12°C 95

32. Irradiation
32
Under PFAA → Preservation of
Food Adulteration Act, Effective
dose 10 to 15 Krads or 0.10 to
0.15 kGy (Kilo gray) with 10
to 150C.

33. Physiological
disorders
33
Internal brown spot
Greening
Black heart
Hollow heart and Chilling injury

34. Internal Brown Spot:
34
•Due to water deficiency
•Irregular brown spots scattered
through the flesh of tubers
•Never found in vascular region
•Light sandy soil → not irrigated
regularly

35. Greening
35
•Due to excessive exposure to sun
rays.
•Appearance of green colour of the
tuber due to presence and
accumulation of solanin (20 mg/100
g is not harmful)

36. Black heart
36
•Due to poor ventilation,
hightemp(>330C) during storage and
transportation
•High soil temp during growing &
maturity of tubers in the field
•Black discoloration occurs in the
central tissues of the tuber

37. Hollow heart
37
•Hollow heart and brown centre
negatively impact tuber quality.
•Severe hollow heart negatively
impacts the quality of chips
processing potatoes
•However neither disorder is
reported as harmful and neither
affects the tuber’s taste or nutrition.
•It is due to excessive Nitrogen.

38. Chilling injury
38
•Chilling injury may follow prolonged
storage of tubers at temperature of
about 00C.
•This result in discoloured blotches in
the flesh of tubers which vary from light
reddish-brown to dark brown diffused
brownish black patches on skin.
•This leads to complete inhibition of
sprouting of the tubers on planting.

39. Insect- pests
39
•Potato Tuber Moth (Phthorimaea
operculella)
•Control Measures
•Sown healthy insect free potato tubers.
•Do earthing carefully, so that tuber is not
exposed in the field to ovipositing female
moths
•Spray the crop with carbaryl or nuvacron or
monocil at 0.1 per cent.
•Sort out all affected tubers before storage.

40. Insect- pests
40
•Cut Worms (Agrotis spp, Euxoa spp)
•Control Measures
•Spray the crop with dursban 20 EC at 2.5
ml per litre of water or drench the plants,
where the damage is noticed.
•Apply phorate 10 G granules at 10 kg per
hectare on soil around the plants and rake
the soil thereafter.
•Use only well rotten farmyard manure.

41. Insect- pests
41
•Green peach Aphids (Myzus persicae)
•Control Measures
•Spray the crop with rogor or metasystox or
nuvacron or monocil at 1 ml per liter of water,
and repeat the spray 10 to 12 days interval
•Cut the haulms in the first week of January to
check the transmission of virus through seed
potatoes.

42. Diseases of Potato
42
•EarlyBlight
•(Alternara
solani)
•Control
Measures
•Follow crop rotation
•Start sprays the crop Dithane M-45
at 0.2 per cent 30 to 35 days after
planting and repeat I0 to 15 days
interval
•Grow early blight tolerant varieties
such as Kufri Naveen, Kufri Sjndhuri

43. Diseases of Potato
43
•Late Blight (Phytophthora
infestans)
•Control Measures
•Spray the crop thoroughly with
diathane M-45 (2.0 kg/ha) or
diathane Z-78 (2.5 kg/ha) or
difolatan(2.5kg/ha) well in advance
to general appearance of disease
•Avoid applying in excess nitrogen
and irrigation.

44. Diseases of Potato
44
•Black Scurf (Rhizoctonia solani)
• Control Measures:
•Always sow certified seeds
•Treat the seed tubers with any organo mercurial
fungicides containing 6 per cent mercury {agallol,
aretan, emisan etc.) for about 5 to 10 minutes before
the planting and also seed tubers before keeping in
the cold storage.
•Dip the tubers in 1.75 per cent solution of sulfuric
acid for 20 minutes.
•Apply Brassicol at 30 kg per hectare in the soil at the

45. Diseases of Potato
45
• Common Scab of Potato (Streptomyces
scabies)
• Control Measures
• Obtain healthy, disease free seed tubers
for planting.
• Disinfect the tubers by dipping in
suspension of mercurial fungicide e.g.
emisan-6 or agallol- 6 at 0.25 per cent
concentration for 5 minutes,
• Follow crop rotation with non-host crops
including beets, carrot etc.
• Maintain soil pH 5.0 to 5.3.

46. Diseases of Potato
46
•Wart Disease of Potato (Synchytrium
endobioticum)
•Control Measures
•Avoid growing potatoes in known wart-
affected soil. Obtain disease free seed
tubers for planting.
•Soil treatment with 5 per cent formalin is
effective but very costly.
•Grow wart tolerance varieties like Kufri
Sherpa, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Jeevan and Kufri
Muthu.

47. THANK
YOU!
Submitted To:
Mr. Vittal Mangi
Asst. Professor
Dept. Of Horticulture