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Introduction to potato crop
- 1. THE POTATO CROP DieudonnéHarahagazwe Kadahenda, April 28, 2016 Integrated Potato Crop Management Course
- 2. Outline Potato history Gene bankand diversity Importance of potato crop Crop growth and development Potato production factors Yield gap Take-away message
- 3. I. POTATO HISTORY !( !(!( !( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( Equator Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn Indian Ocean Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean Antarctic Circle Arctic Circle Osaka Tokyo Delhi Paris Cairo London Taipei Moskva Manila Tehran Bombay Berlin Chicago Bangkok Karachi Jakarta BeijingNew York Istanbul Calcutta Shanghai Hong Kong Sao Paulo Los Angeles Mexico City Philadelphia Buenos Aires Rio de Janeiro Saint Petersburg 16th century LakeTiticaca Potato origin 20th Century
- 4. II. GENEBANK (CIP– Lima, Peru) • The world’s largest in vitro genebank which maintains clonal and seed collections for over 100 years. • Over 21,000 accessions of potato, sweetpotato, and Andean root and tuber crops
- 5. Diversity of potatotubers
- 6. III. IMPORTANCE OFPOTATOES • Third important food crop in the world (380 million t/ 19 million ha in 2014 - FAOSTAT) • High yielding ability (100 t/ha) • One of the major cash crops in SSA, including Rwanda
- 7. Top 10 PotatoProduction countries in Africa (FAOSTAT) Rank Country 1 Egypt 2 Algeria 3 Kenya 4 South Africa 5 Rwanda 6 Morocco 7 United Republic of Tanzania 8 Nigeria 9 Angola 10 Ethiopia
- 8. Nutritional values ofpotatoes Fast food at Mombo, Tanzania
- 9. One medium sizetuber (150 g) may contain: • Potassium : 620 mg – more than a banana • Vitamin C: 45% of daily requirement for a man • Dietary Fiber : 13% of daily requirement for a man • Healthy food: Lack of fat, sodium and cholesterol (major heath problems)
- 10. 10 IV. CROP GROWTHAND DEVELOPEMENT
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- 12. Importance of canopycover for plant – light interactions: Example of tea plantation vs tea factory (Kadahenda, Rwanda)
- 13. Growth Cycle in4 phases Phase 1 Planting Germination
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- 15. Tuber initiation Endof leaf growth Phase 3
- 16. End of leafgrowth Plant death Phase 4
- 17. (t/ha) Time (days) 30 45 80120 1 2 3 4 90 DAP 40 30 Leaves Tubers The 4 potato phases in a graph DAP are indicative Yield
- 18. 18 Why potato istuber and NOT root crop? …..because of STOLONS!
- 19. 19 Role of stemsin potato productivity: stolons are formed from stems
- 20. Group 1: DefiningFactors • CO2 • Radiation • Temperature • Plant characteristics POTENTIAL YIELD (ex. 60 t/ha) V. POTATO PRODUCTION FACTORS
- 21. Group 2: LimitingFactors – Water – Nutrients (N-P-K mainly)
- 22. Defining Factors + Limiting Factors ATTAINABLEYIELD (ex. 45 t/ha)
- 23. Group 3: ReducingFactors – Weeds – Pests – Diseases – Pollutants
- 24. Defining Factors + Limiting Factors + ReducingFactors ACTUAL YIELD (ex. 5 t/ha)
- 25. VI. YIELD GAP •Yield Gap (Yg) = Potential Yield (Yp) – Actual Yield (Ya) • Yg is extremely high in SSA compared to developed countries • Yg can be significantly reduced by addressing identified gap drivers
- 26. VII. TAKE-AWAY MESSAGE Cleanseed Fertilizers Chemicals (pests and diseases control) 3 entry points for a successful productivity:
- 27. Acknowledgements We would liketo acknowledge Humidtropics and the CGIAR Fund Donors for their provision of core and project-specific funding without which this research could not deliver results that eventually positively impact the lives of millions of smallholder farmers in tropical Americas, Asia and Africa. This presentation was made at a training workshop on Integrated Potato Crop Management organized by the International Potato Center (CIP) for Innovation Platform (IP) members of Kadahenda, Rwanda.
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