Training is an important operation in grapes.
It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.
Production technology of onion and garlicRakesh Rajput
Production technology of bulb crop.
Production technology of Onion and garlic.
Cool season vegetables.
Cultivation of onion and garlic.
Diseases of onion and garlic
Production technology of onion ppt
Carrot cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
Training is an important operation in grapes.
It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.
Production technology of onion and garlicRakesh Rajput
Production technology of bulb crop.
Production technology of Onion and garlic.
Cool season vegetables.
Cultivation of onion and garlic.
Diseases of onion and garlic
Production technology of onion ppt
Carrot cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
Production Technology of Mentha(Mentha arvensis)Souvik Roy
Description. Mints are aromatic, almost exclusively perennial herbs. They have wide-spreading underground and overground stolons and erect, square, branched stems. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, from oblong to lanceolate, often downy, and with a serrated margin.
Tuberose cultivation practices, uses, variety, soil and climatic requirement,...Nischal Sapkota
Tuberose cultivation practices, uses, variety, soil and climatic requirement, planting, manuring, harvesting and post harvest, and disease and insect control
Its all about the non traditional crops. It includes the the production technology of sun flower its all factors, its area of production and all the necessary aspects of growing the sun flower.
Production technology of vigna mungo,mash beanscience book
This Presentation will help you to understand the Importance,Basic information,production technology of Vigna mungo,Mash bean.
It will also help you get more yield and how to grow Vigna mungo(Mash bean) crop.
A PRESENTATION ON PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF TUBEROSEujjwalkumar353
Tuberose is an important commercial cut as well as loose flower crop due to pleasant fragrance, longer vase-life of spikes, higher returns and wide adaptability to varied climate and soil
Gladiolus cultivation practices, uses, variety, soil and climatic requirement...Nischal Sapkota
Ornamental Plants - Gladiolus cultivation practices, uses, variety, soil and climatic requirement, planting, manuring, training and pruning, and disease and insect control
CLOVE
Scientific Name : Syzygium aromaticum
Family : Myrtaceae
Chromosome number :- 22
Origin place :-Molluccas Island of Eastern Indonesia
The clove is one of the important tree spice crop grown in India.
The clove of commerce is the fully grown but unopened aromatic dried flower bud of an evergreen tree syzygium aromaticum.
The term 'clove' is derived from the French word 'cloy' and the English word 'clout', both meaning 'nail.The volatile oil obtained from the clove bud contains mainly (80-90%) and caryophyllene (4-8%).
Area and Production:-
In India the clove is cultivated in an area of 2,600 ha. with annual production of 1,160 tonnes. The productivity is 400 kg/ha.
Botany :-
The clove is an evergreen tree growing to a height of 7-15 m.
It begins to fork near the base, into two or three main erect branches. The smaller branches are semi-erect, the twigs are brittle, smooth and greyish-white in colour, and the whole head is bushy and dense.
The leaves are simple, opposite, exstipulate, glabrous and aromatic owing to plenty of oil glands on the lower surface. The new leaves appear in flushes and are bright pink.
The hermaphrodite flowers are borne on a terminal, corymbose, trichotomous panicle.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Package of practices for cultivation of citronella
1. Package of Practices for Cultivation of Citronella
• B . N. : Cymbopogon winterianus
• Family : Poaceae
• CROMOSOME NO : 2n = 20, 40
• CENTER OF ORIGIN : Sri Lanka
2. Soil:
• Wide range of soil
conditions is suitable for
cultivation of Citronella.
• Soils rich in humus having
good water holding
capacity and good drainage
should be preferred.
• Alkaline water logged soils
are detrimental for crop
growth
• The ideal pH range is 5.0-
7.0
3. Climate:
• Citronella thrives well under the tropical and subtropical
conditions.
• It requires abundant moisture and sunshine for good
growth.
• A good rainfall of about 2000-2500 mm well spread over
the year high atmospheric humidity,
• Appear to influence the growth of the plant, yield and
quality of the oil favourably
4. Propagation :
Vegetatively propagated with clumss, usually an
acre of Java Citronella can provide enough material for 10 acres
of land. Citronella plantation lasts for 5 years and it is necessary
to maintain fertility of soil
5. Planting Time :
Onset of monsoon or at the middle of rainy season
i.e. June - July
Spacing :
• The seedlings or saplings or slips can be transplanted on
ridges and furrows.
• The planting distance of 60 x 90 sq. cm can be adopted.
• This will accommodate 18,000 plants/ha.
Improved Varieties :
Bio 13, Manjusha, Mandakini.
6. Manuring :
Usually 8-10 tons of compost mixed with 40 kg
P205 and 40 kg K20 per hectare before plantation. After plantation
80-1.00 kg N/ha per year should be applied in 4 splits.
Irrigation :
For healthy crop growth it should be irrigated
frequently. This crop uses large amount of water. Irrigation interval of
15 days in winter and 10 days in summer is required for good yield.
Weeding :
Weeding is necessary for the first 23 months till the
planting material get established.
7. Pests and Diseases :
Generally leaf blight and
Arithracnose affect Citronella. DithaneM-45 or Z-78: sprays control
leaf blight However, amthracnose can be controlled by application
of Dithiocarbamate
Harvesting :
Three cuttings may be obtained in the first year
commencing 6 months after planting. Leaf blades contain more oil
than sheath and hence harvesting is done 15-20 cm above the
ground level. Optimum oil yield is obtained when the sixth leaf is
well developed. After 1 year the harvesting is needed at 2.5
months interval
8. Yield :
The partially wilted herb yield is in the range of 20-30
t/ha. The average oil recovery is 1 %. Hence the oil yield is about
200-300 kg/ha/year. A crop under average management should
not yield less than 200 kg oil/ha/year
Uses :
• he oil is used mostly in perfumery, both directly and indirectly.
• Soaps, soap flakes, detergents, household cleansers,
technical products, insecticides, etc are often perfumed exclusively
with this oil.
• It is also a valuable constituent in perfumery for soaps and
detergents
