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The Plant Kingdom
Key Features of Plants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Alternation of Generations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Alternation of Generations in Plants Gametophytes form by meiosis Spores form by meiosis n n n Spore Mother Cell Egg Sperm Gametes meet & fuse to form zygote Zygote Embryo Sporo- phyte 2 n Spores n Gameto- phyte 2 n n n 2 n 2 n 2 n Haploid Diploid
Evolution of Plants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Green Algae ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fresh Water Ancestors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Evolution of Land Plants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reproduction Without Water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Major Groups of Plants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evolutionary Tree of Major Plant Groups Ancestral Algae Liver- worts Mosses True vascular tissue & lignin appear Ferns Gymno- sperms Seeds and pollen appear Flowers & Fruits appear Angio- sperms Bryophytes Seed Plants Tracheophytes
The Bryophytes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Liverworts & Mosses Liverworts Female Gametophyte Archegonium (a) Mosses Female Gametophytes Sporophytes (b)
The Bryophytes: Reproduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Life Cycle of a Moss (a) Zygote develops into sporophyte within gametophyte Sporophyte Capsule  Fertilization  Meiosis  Haploid spores liberated from sporophyte capsule Old Gametophyte Spores disperse and germinate Haploid 1 n Diploid 2 n
Life Cycle of a Moss (b) Haploid 1 n Diploid 2 n Spore germinates into gametophyte Leafy Gametophyte Archegonium produces egg Antheridium produces sperm Sperm swim to egg Fertilization
The Vascular Plants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Division Tracheophyta: Vascular Plants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Life Cycle of Ferns (a) Haploid 1 n Diploid 2 n Gametophyte Sporophyte develops from gametophyte Root Stem Sporophyte Masses of Sporangia Meiosis Haploid spores liberated from sporangium Sporangium
Life Cycle of Ferns (b) Haploid 1 n Diploid 2 n Haploid spores liberated from sporangium Spores disperse & germinate Gametophyte Archegonium produces egg Antheridium produces sperm Sperm swim to egg Fertilization
Seedless Plants Club Mosses Horsetails Ferns
Seed Plants: General ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Seeds (a) Gymnosperm (d) Water Dispersal (c) Wind Dispersal Stored Food Embryo Seed Coat (b) Angiosperm
Seed Plants: Gymnosperms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Two Uncommon Gymnosperms (a) Gingko (b) A Cycad – either  male or female
Gymnosperms: Conifers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Life Cycle of the Pine (a)  Haploid 1 n Diploid 2 n Mature Sporophyte Seedlings (Sporophyte) Male Cone Male Scale MEIOSIS Male gametophytes (pollen) liberated Female Cone Female Scale Ovule Spore-forming Cell MEIOSIS
Life Cycle of the Pine (b) Haploid 1 n Diploid 2 n MEIOSIS Pollen liberated; Dispersed by wind MEIOSIS Seedlings (Sporophyte) Egg Cell Female Gametophyte Pollen lands on female scale Pollen Tube FERTILIZATION Seed Embryo
Seed Plants: Angiosperms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Monocot vs Dicot ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Flowers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant (a) Fruit Seed Food Embryo Seed Coat Seedling Flower Anther MEIOSIS Ovary Ovule Spore-forming Cell Haploid 1 n Diploid 2 n
Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant (b) Fruit MEIOSIS MEIOSIS Spore Female Gametophyte Egg Cell Pollen (male gametophyte) Stigma Pollen Tube Sperm Nuclei FERTILIZATION Haploid 1 n Diploid 2 n
Fruits Encourage Seed Dispersal ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Broad Leaves ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Broad Leaves ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Crucial Ecological Role ,[object Object],[object Object]
Crucial Ecological Role ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Human Necessities and Luxuries ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Human Necessities and Luxuries ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The End

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Plant APBio

  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Alternation of Generations in Plants Gametophytes form by meiosis Spores form by meiosis n n n Spore Mother Cell Egg Sperm Gametes meet & fuse to form zygote Zygote Embryo Sporo- phyte 2 n Spores n Gameto- phyte 2 n n n 2 n 2 n 2 n Haploid Diploid
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. Evolutionary Tree of Major Plant Groups Ancestral Algae Liver- worts Mosses True vascular tissue & lignin appear Ferns Gymno- sperms Seeds and pollen appear Flowers & Fruits appear Angio- sperms Bryophytes Seed Plants Tracheophytes
  • 12.
  • 13. Liverworts & Mosses Liverworts Female Gametophyte Archegonium (a) Mosses Female Gametophytes Sporophytes (b)
  • 14.
  • 15. Life Cycle of a Moss (a) Zygote develops into sporophyte within gametophyte Sporophyte Capsule Fertilization Meiosis Haploid spores liberated from sporophyte capsule Old Gametophyte Spores disperse and germinate Haploid 1 n Diploid 2 n
  • 16. Life Cycle of a Moss (b) Haploid 1 n Diploid 2 n Spore germinates into gametophyte Leafy Gametophyte Archegonium produces egg Antheridium produces sperm Sperm swim to egg Fertilization
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19. Life Cycle of Ferns (a) Haploid 1 n Diploid 2 n Gametophyte Sporophyte develops from gametophyte Root Stem Sporophyte Masses of Sporangia Meiosis Haploid spores liberated from sporangium Sporangium
  • 20. Life Cycle of Ferns (b) Haploid 1 n Diploid 2 n Haploid spores liberated from sporangium Spores disperse & germinate Gametophyte Archegonium produces egg Antheridium produces sperm Sperm swim to egg Fertilization
  • 21. Seedless Plants Club Mosses Horsetails Ferns
  • 22.
  • 23. Seeds (a) Gymnosperm (d) Water Dispersal (c) Wind Dispersal Stored Food Embryo Seed Coat (b) Angiosperm
  • 24.
  • 25. Two Uncommon Gymnosperms (a) Gingko (b) A Cycad – either male or female
  • 26.
  • 27. Life Cycle of the Pine (a) Haploid 1 n Diploid 2 n Mature Sporophyte Seedlings (Sporophyte) Male Cone Male Scale MEIOSIS Male gametophytes (pollen) liberated Female Cone Female Scale Ovule Spore-forming Cell MEIOSIS
  • 28. Life Cycle of the Pine (b) Haploid 1 n Diploid 2 n MEIOSIS Pollen liberated; Dispersed by wind MEIOSIS Seedlings (Sporophyte) Egg Cell Female Gametophyte Pollen lands on female scale Pollen Tube FERTILIZATION Seed Embryo
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.  
  • 32.
  • 33. Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant (a) Fruit Seed Food Embryo Seed Coat Seedling Flower Anther MEIOSIS Ovary Ovule Spore-forming Cell Haploid 1 n Diploid 2 n
  • 34. Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant (b) Fruit MEIOSIS MEIOSIS Spore Female Gametophyte Egg Cell Pollen (male gametophyte) Stigma Pollen Tube Sperm Nuclei FERTILIZATION Haploid 1 n Diploid 2 n
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.