This document summarizes key aspects of biology related to plants. It discusses how the kingdom Plantae is divided into plants with and without vascular tissue. Mosses, which lack vascular tissue, are described as having structures resembling roots, stems, and leaves but not being true vascular plants. They reproduce through spores. Ferns, which have vascular tissue, are classified into four divisions and have leaves that photosynthesize. Seed plants are divided into open seed plants like gymnosperms and closed seed plants of angiosperms. Angiosperms are further divided into monocots and dicots based on seed structure. Examples of plant families are provided for each group.

1. PRESENTATION OF BIOLOGY
By :Aridlah Sendy R.
Meta Rona I.
Wia Bunga R.
Liya Sabila B.S.

2. Kingdom plantae
The kingdom plantae is
distuinguished into two parts
a.Plants which have no
vascular tissue (Mosses)
b.Plants which have vascular
tissue (Pteridophyta)

3. Based on the carrying vessels, the kingdom
plantae is devided into two, they are:
• Plants which have no vascular tissues
Ex. Bryophyta
- Live in humid or wet places

4. 1. Characteristics of Mosses
a. Have a structure which is almost like the
root,stem and leaf but they are not the
real root,stem and leaf.
b. Have no vascular tissues.
c. The body size is relatively small,about 15
cm.
d. Live in humid or wet places.
e. They experience alternation between
sexual reproduction by producing sexual
cells (gametes) and vegetative
reproducting phase by making spores

5. Plants with vascular tissues
- The leaves are green
because they have
chlorophyl so they are
autotrophic. The young
leaves rool
- Ex. Pteridophyta

6. Classification on ferns
• Division psilophyta
• Division lycophyta
• Division Sphenophyta
• Division pterophyta

7. 2)seed plants
a.Open seed plants (Gymnospermae)
Gymnospermae are the plants whose seeds are not
covered by seed leaves or cotyledons so they are
readily visible.
Gymnospermae are divided into several orders:
Order Cycadales, Order Gnetales, Order Coniferales
b)Closed seed plants
Based on the numbers of cotyledons,angiosperms
are distinguished into two classes,they are class
monocotyledons and class dicotyledons

8. Monocotyledons
• Have seeds with an embryo having one
cotyledons.
• Have fibrous roots.
Ex. Gramineae , Palmae , Musaceae,
orchidaceae, and Zingiberaceae.

9. a. Gramineae (Grass Family)
• Have fibrous roots
b. Palmae
• Have fibrous roots
c. Musaceae (Family of bananas)
• Reproduce by budding
d. Orchidaceae (Family of orchids)
• The leaves are fleshy, with even edge, and
are arranged alternately in two rows.
e. Zingiberaceae (Family of Spice Plants)
• Have leaf sheaths covering the stem

10. Dicotyledons
• The main
characteristic is that
they seeds with two
cotyledons
• Have tap roots
• Ex. Euphorbiaceae,
Papilionaceae,
Solanaceae,
Myrtaceae, and
Caesalpinaceae.

11. a. Euphorbiaceae (Sap-producing Plants/ Euphorbiaceae
• If the body part is hurt, it will excrete white resin (milk resin)
b. Papilionaceae (Family of beans)
• The leaves are simple, pinnately arranged
• The fruit is leguminous
c. Solanaceae (Family of eggplants)
• The fruit is a valved fruit
d. Myrtaceae
• Most of them are herbs,
but some are woody
e. Caesalpinaceae
• They grow as trees or herbs.
• The leaf has single leaflet
or double leaflets
• The sepals are loose

12. • Mosses are divided into three
classes,liverworts,hornworts,and true
mosses
Ferns are divided into 4 divisions,they are:
division psilophyta ,division lycophyta
,division sphenophyta,and divisi
pterophyta

13. 1)Characteristics of mosses
a.Have no vascular tissue
so the transportation of
water and mineral salt is
done from cell to cell slowly
c.The body size is relatively
small,about 15 cm
d.Live in humid or wet places.

14. 2.Characteristics of ferns
a.Commonly ,their stem is a rizoma which is
planted undergroup ,very short and sagmented
.saveral kinds of frens can reach 5 m tall ,for
exsample pole ferns and “pakis”.its stem
sometimes branches and has xylem and pholem.
b.The leaves are green because they have
chlorophyl so they are autotropic.the young
leaves rool.exsample:Tropophyl and sporophyl.

15. The same example of Kingdom Plantae

16. The same example of Kingdom Plantae

17. Any Question So Far?
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