This chapter discusses the evolution and diversity of plants. It covers the four major evolutionary events in plants: the evolution of nonvascular plants, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms. Key developments include the evolution of vascular tissue, seeds and flowers. Modern plants range from nonvascular bryophytes to seed plants like conifers, flowering plants and the exceptionally diverse angiosperms. The chapter compares plant adaptations and life cycles across these groups.