The document provides a timeline of the evolution of evolutionary thought from ancient Greek philosophers like Plato and Aristotle, through the 17th-18th centuries when naturalists began exploring new lands and observing similarities between species. It then covers the early 19th century work of Lamarck on inheritance of acquired traits and Darwin and Wallace's independent development of the theory of evolution by natural selection. The theory gained acceptance after Mendel's work on genetics supported Darwin's ideas about inheritance of traits. Later sections discuss evidence of evolution from fossils, comparative anatomy and embryology, biochemistry and molecular biology, and population genetics.

1. Principles of Evolution

6. Darwin’s Finches

7. A Flowchart of Evolutionary Reasoning EVOLUTION: The genetic makeup of the population changes over time, driven by natural selection NATURAL SELECTION On average, the fittest organisms leave the most offspring Competition for survival and reproduction Potential for rapid reproduction Relatively constant resources and population over time Variability in structures and behaviors Some variability is inherited (observations) (conclusions)

16. Information from Fossils?

17. Fossils of Extinct Organisms

19. Analogous Structures Not homologous; not analogous Homologous; not analogous Not homologous; analogous Homologous; analogous

20. Homologous Structures Flying Swimming Running Grasping

21. Vestigial Structures

23. Comparative Embryology

26. How Organisms Evolve

30. Genetic Drift

31. Genetic Bottlenecks Reduce Variability Chance loss of blue Time

33. Types of Natural Selection Large Size Favored Directional Selection Average Size Favored Stabilizing Selection Extreme Size Favored Disruptive Selection Variation reduced over time Mean changed over time Variation becomes polarized Before Selection After Selection Time

36. Stabilizing Selection & Balance Polymorphism HH HH Hh Hh Hh hh hh hh Dies of malaria HH Lives and reproduces Dies of sickle-cell anemia Dies of malaria Lives and reproduces Dies of sickle-cell anemia Homozygous Normal Homozygous Defective Heterozygous

37. The end