The document discusses factors that influence the distribution of life on Earth. Climate patterns are determined by variables like sunlight, atmosphere, oceans currents, elevation, and continent positions. These factors create different biomes across the planet based on temperature and rainfall levels. Biomes include tropical rainforests, savannas, deserts, grasslands, temperate forests, tundras, and aquatic ecosystems in rivers, lakes, oceans, and hydrothermal vents. The distribution of species is limited by the availability of water, nutrients, temperatures, and other conditions within each biome.