The document discusses Robert Whittaker's five kingdom classification system from 1969 which divides life into five kingdoms - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. It provides details on the Monera kingdom, which includes bacteria, and notes both their beneficial roles like decomposition and nitrogen fixation as well as harmful pathogenic bacteria. It also summarizes the characteristics of the Protista, Fungi, and Plantae kingdoms.

1. PLANT KINGDOM by Adithi Pai Century Public School Tirupur, India CLASSIFICATION by ROBERT WHITTAKER IN 1969

2. WHITTAKERS 5 KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION LIFE MONERA PROTISTA FUNGI PLANTAE ANIMALIA

3. KINGDOM- MONERA Bacteria – prokaryotic Microscopic organisms Rigid cell wall Reproduction – Binary Fission Nutrition – Photo-autotrophs Chemotrophs Saprptrophs Parasites

4. KINGDOM- MONERA BENEFICIAL Decomposes Plant and Animal bodies Disposal of Sewage Dairy products Organic waste to Manure Fixes Nitrogen to plant roots Making Cheese, Butter, Vinegar,Etc Produces Vitamin K and Vitamin B

5. KINGDOM- MONERA HARMFUL ACTIVITIES Pathogenic Bacteria cause Diseases PLANTS Fire blight for Apples & Pears Citrus canker Wilt disease in Tomato and Potato Soft root in Carrot

6. KINGDOM- MONERA HARMFUL ACTIVITES FOR HUMAN BEINGS CHOLERA Tuberclosis Leprosy Typhoid Pneumonia Tetanus Whooping Cough Diptheria Etc

7. KINGDOM - PROTISTA Unicellular Eukaryotic organisms TYPES Predators – Amoeba Parasites – Plasmodium Phytoplanktons- Dinoflagellates Symbionts – Trichonympha Decomposers- Stemonites

8. KINGDOM - PROTISTA DINOPHYTA Locomotion- Flagella Unicellular Majority is Plankton Nutrition- Holophytic or Photosynthetic Red Algae – colors the Sea

9. KINGDOM - FUNGI Eukaryotic Organisms Singular- Fungus Plural – Fungi Study of Fungus= MYCOLOGY YEAST – Biggest Group

10. KINGDOM - FUNGI ASCOMYCETES YEAST Largest Group – 30,000 species Unicellular & Non-mycelial Reproduction- Budding or Fission or both Grow in Sugary substartum

11. KINGDOM – FUNGI ALGAE CYANOBACTERIA- ALGAE Fresh Water or Marine Associated with Bryophytes, Ferns Sponges

12. KINGDOM – FUNGI ALGAE CELL STRUTURE PARTS DNA is coiled Cell Wall Ribosomes Lipid droplets Gas Vacoule Thylakoid

13. SPIROGYRA

14. BRYOPHYTA Simplest Land Plants No true Stem,Leaves and Roots Hair like rhizoids to hold Need water for fertilisation Embryo after fertilisation EXAMPLE - MOSES

15. VASCULAR CRYPTOGRAMS PTERIDOPHYTES Plant body has Stem, roots and leaves Vascular system present Reproductive organs- multicellular Fertilised Egg becomes Embryo EXAMPLE - FERNS

17. GYMNOSPERMS Naked Seeded plants Sporophyte tall trees Stem is erect with branches Reproduction- Sexual Males and Female Plants are separate Leaves are photosynthetic

18. PTERIDOPHYTA NEPHROLEPIS - FERNS Common Indian Plant Ornamental

20. ANGIOSPERMS FLOWERING PLANTS Highly developed Flowering Plants Seeds inside ovary 2 TYPES MONOCOTYLEDONS DICOTYLEDONS

21. MONOCOTYLEDONS Have only one cotyledon in Seed Example Paddy Wheat Maize

22. DICOTYLEDONS HAVE 2 COTYLEDONS IN SEED EXAMPLE Bengal Gram GroundNut Bean Pea