This document provides information about the kingdom Plantae. It describes the major groups of plants including algae, bryophytes, tracheophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms. It discusses key plant characteristics like being eukaryotic, undergoing photosynthesis, and having cell walls containing cellulose. It also explains the process of alternation of generations in plants and provides details about plant cells, photosynthesis, and the evolution of plants from single-celled algae to terrestrial plants. Specific sections cover algae characteristics, types of asexual and sexual reproduction in algae, and alternation of generations.
Pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves (known as fronds), roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. Examples include ferns, horsetails and club-mosses. Fronds in the largest species of ferns can reach some six metres in length!
Many ferns from tropical rain forests are epiphytes, which means they only grow on other plant species; their water comes from the damp air or from rainfall running down branches and tree trunks. There are also some purely aquatic ferns such as water fern or water velvet (Salvinia molesta) and mosquito ferns (Azolla species).
Pteridophytes do not have seeds or flowers either, instead they also reproduce via spores.
There are around 13,000 species of Pteridophytes.
This powerpoint presentation discusses the topic about Using Dichotomous Key in Classifying Organisms according to their characteristics. This also includes some rules in creating a Dichotomous Key and some examples of Dichotomous Key used in different ways and organisms.
Pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves (known as fronds), roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. Examples include ferns, horsetails and club-mosses. Fronds in the largest species of ferns can reach some six metres in length!
Many ferns from tropical rain forests are epiphytes, which means they only grow on other plant species; their water comes from the damp air or from rainfall running down branches and tree trunks. There are also some purely aquatic ferns such as water fern or water velvet (Salvinia molesta) and mosquito ferns (Azolla species).
Pteridophytes do not have seeds or flowers either, instead they also reproduce via spores.
There are around 13,000 species of Pteridophytes.
This powerpoint presentation discusses the topic about Using Dichotomous Key in Classifying Organisms according to their characteristics. This also includes some rules in creating a Dichotomous Key and some examples of Dichotomous Key used in different ways and organisms.
Efficient Point Cloud Pre-processing using The Point Cloud LibraryCSCJournals
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Robotics, video games, environmental mapping and medical are some of the fields that use 3D data processing. In this paper we propose a novel optimization approach for the open source Point Cloud Library (PCL) that is frequently used for processing 3D data. Three main aspects of the PCL are discussed: point cloud creation from disparity of color image pairs; voxel grid downsample filtering to simplify point clouds; and passthrough filtering to adjust the size of the point cloud. Additionally, OpenGL shader based rendering is examined. An optimization technique based on CPU cycle measurement is proposed and applied in order to optimize those parts of the pre-processing chain where measured performance is slowest. Results show that with optimized modules the performance of the pre-processing chain has increased 69 fold.
Operation βBlue Starβ is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
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The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using βinvisibleβ attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasnβt one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
6. Photosynthesis
ο Sugar producing chemical reaction
occurring in chloroplasts
ο Thylakoid β Membranous structures
increase surface area for reaction to occur
8. Evolution of Plants
ο Earliest ancestors β Plant like protists (single celled algae)
ο Multicellular green algae is the ancestor to modern terrestrial
plants
ο Trend in plant evolution is adaptation to life on land
ο More access to sunlight β food
ο Challenges of terrestrial life:
ο Desiccation
ο Structural support
ο Reproduction (motile sperm)
ο Respiration (gas exchange without water loss)
ο Availability of required nutrients (N & K)
ο Temperature fluctuation
9. Alternation of Generations
During life cycle plant switches back and forth
between the sporophyte and gametophyte
generations (they alternate)
2 phases:
1. Sporophyte generation = diploid (2N) &
produces spores by meiosis.
2. Gametophyte generation = haploid (N) &
produces gametes (sex cells).
12. Algae
ο Non-Vascular β No transport system to
move water and nutrients around plant
ο Seedless β No protective covering around
developing embryo
ο Algae must life in aquatic or moist
environments
13. Asexual Reproduction in Algae
1. Fragmentation β piece
breaks off and grows into a
new individual
1. Asexual spores β haploid
1. Mitotic division β simple
cell division (some by
meiosis)
14. Sexual Reproduction in Algae
The two gametes fuse to form a zygote
There are 2 types of gametes:
1. Isogamy β identical gametes or isogametes β same
size & structure. When isogametes fuse =
conjugation.
Isogametes are differentiated by + and β sign (like
fungus)
2. Heterogamy β gametes differ in size & structure
(heterogametes).
Larger, female= egg; smaller, male = sperm. When
egg & sperm fuse = fertilization
