The document describes the three divisions of bryophytes - liverworts, mosses, and hornworts. It outlines their key characteristics such as lacking true roots, stems and vascular tissue. Liverworts have a flattened thallus structure or leafy appearance. Mosses have a leafy body and reproduce asexually through budding. Hornworts are distinguished by their horn-like sporophytes. All bryophytes reproduce both sexually and asexually and play an important role as some of the earliest land plants.

1. Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Plantae
The Plants, Kingdom also called plantae green can plants be defined (Viridiplantae as multicellular,
in latin),
are autotrophic multicellular eukaryotes, eukaryotes of which the conduct kingdom Plantae. photosynthesis.
They form
a clade that includes the flowering plants, conifers and
All member of this family comprises of true nucleus and
other gymnosperms, ferns, clubmosses, hornworts, liverworts, mosses and
advanced the green algae. membrane Plants exclude bound the organelles. red and brown They algae, are animals,
quite
different the fungi, archaea from and animals. bacteria.
The Kingdom Plantae contains
about 300,000 different species of plants. Among the
five kingdoms, Kingdom plantae is a very important, as
they are the source of food for all other living creatures
present on planet earth, which depends on plants to
survive.

2. Characteristics of The Kingdom Plantae
•Most of the plants are eukaryotic and chlorophyll
containing organisms.
•Cell walls of plant cells are comprised of cellulose.
•They have an ability to grow by cell division.
•In life cycle of plant cells, the interchanges occur from the
embryos and are supported by other tissues and self
produce.
•Plants have both organs and organ systems.
•They obtain their energy from sun through photosynthesis.
•Plants reproduce both by sexual and asexual.
•Plants develop a self defense mechanism to protect them
from being destroyed by animals, fungi and other plants.
•Organisms within Kingdom Plantae are multicellular,
eukaryotic and autotrophic.
•They lack motility.

3. Examples of Kingdom Plantae
This kingdom includes all types plants like herbs, shrubs,
trees, creepers, climbers,aquatic plants, desert plants,
mountain plants,flowering and non flowering plants,
etc

4. Importance of Plants
Food: Everything we eat comes directly or indirectly from plants. Throughout
human history, approximately 7,000 different plant species have been used as
food by people.
Water: Plants regulate the water cycle: they help distribute and purify the planet's
water. They also help move water from the soil to the atmosphere through a
process called transpiration.
Medicine: One-quarter of all prescription drugs come directly from or are
derivatives of plants. Additionally, four out of five people around the world today
rely on plants for primary health care.
Air: Oxygen is brought to you by plants, as a byproduct of photosynthesis.
Habitat: Of course, aside from humans' myriad uses, plants make up the
backbone of all habitats. Other species of fish and wildlife also depend on plants
for food and shelter.
Climate: Plants store carbon, and have helped keep much of the carbon dioxide
produced from the burning of fossil fuels out of the atmosphere.

5. ALTERATION OF GENERATION
Gametophyte
Generation
Reporter: Tanael, Danna Marie C.

6. ALTERATION OF GENERATION
Alternation of
generations (also known
as alternation of phases
or metagenesis) is a term
primarily used to describe
the life cycle of plants.

7. GAMETOPHYTE
 A gametophyte is the
haploid, multicellular phase of
plants and algae that undergo
alternation of generations, with
each of its cells containing only
a single set of chromosomes.

8. GAMETOPHYTE

9. Process of gametophyte

12.  Sporophyte
› The diploid multicellular stage in the life
cycle of a plant or alga.
• Diploid – (of a cell or nucleus) containing
two complete sets of chromosomes, one
from each parent.

14.  A sporophyte develops from a zygote
produced when a haploid egg cell is
fertilized by a haploid sperm.
 Haploid - (of a cell or nucleus) having a single
set of unpaired chromosomes
 Sporophyte cell has a double set of Chromosomes.

15.  Sporophyte produces spores by meiosis.
 Spores - typically one-celled, reproductive
unit capable of giving rise to a new individual
without sexual fusion
 Meiosis - a type of cell division that results in
four daughter cells each with half the number
of chromosomes of the parent cell.

21. Examples of Tracheophytes:

25. Monocots and
Dicots

26. Monocots
•Monocots are one of the two major
types of flowering plants, and are
characterized by having a single
cotyledon, or seed leaf.

27. What is a cotyledon?
Monocot Dicot

28. CORN TULIPS
ONION
BANANA BLUEBELLS

29. DICOTS
Dicots are one of the two major types
of flowering plants (the other being
monocots), and are characterized by
having two seed leaves, or cotyledons.

30. MONGGO
AVOCADO
WATERLILY
MAGNOLIA NUTMEG

31. COMPARISON
Embryo
Leaves

32. Flower
Roots

33. Vascular
bundles

34. Bryophytes

35. Major Characteristics:
 Bryophytes do not have true vascular tissues
for support and transport of water and nutrients.
 They lack leaves.
 However, they have leaf-like scales that
contains chloroplasts in which photosynthesis
occurs.

36.  They lack true roots
 They anchor themselves in the soil by root-like
structures called rhizoids.

37.  Lack of true stems
 Usually small and
ground-hugging. Most
measure between 2 to 4
inches.

38. Classifications

39. There are 3 classes of bryophytes:
1. Class Musci (Mosses)
2. Class Hepaticae (Liverworts)
3. Class Anthocerotae (Hornworts)

40. 1. Class Musci (Mosses)
 The body of the moss is usually leafy-like
 Most prefer damp, shaded locations in the
temperate zone.

42.  Mosses may also
asexually reproduce by
budding

43. 2. Class Hepaticae (Liverworts)
 The name liverwort arose because the
lobes of the thallus resemble the lobes of
the liver

44. Lobe of liver
Conocephalum
conicum
(Great Scented
Liverwort)

45.  Many have a flattened body called
thallus, but some have a leafy
appearance
 Some liverworts are capable
of asexual reproduction; in bryophytes
in general "it would almost be true to
say that vegetative reproduction is the
rule and not the exception.“ For
example in Riccia, when the older parts
of the forked thalli die, the younger tips
become separate individuals.

47. 3. Class Anthocerotae (Hornworts)
 The sporophytes of hornworts look like small
green broom hancles. Its shape os unique
among bryophytes.

48.  Unlike bryophytes and higher
plants most species of hornworts
have cells that contain only single
chloroplast

49. Life cycle

50. Presented by :
Janina May C. Salvador

51. Phylogeny
- The study of the
evolutionary
relatedness between
and among species.

54. LIVERWORTS
(Hepatopsidae)
A liverwort is a flowerless,
spore-producing plant -
with the spores produced in
small capsules

55. Characteristics
composed of an undifferentiated body – thallus.

56. have rhizoids that serve for anchorage of the
plant.

57. have two forms – leafy and thalloid.
Leafy liverworts are leafy. The arrangements in liverworts are have
2 or 3 rows.

58. Thalloid liverworts do not have stems or leaves, instead
their body is flat because it is composed of thalloid.

60. Mosses
(Musci)
Are small flowerless plants that are
usually composed of simple, one-cell
thick leaves, covering a
thin stem that supports them but
does not conduct water and
nutrients .

61. Characteristics
They are small (a few centimeters tall)
Herbaceous (non-woody) plants with rhizoids.
absorb water and nutrients mainly through their leaves
harvest carbon dioxide and sunlight to create food by photosynthesis.

63. Hornworts
(Anthocerotopsida)
Hornworts are small, short,
nonflowering, nonvascular
plants which live both on
land and in water.

64. Characteristics
The plant body of a hornwort is a haploid gametophyte stage.
Also consist of the flattish green sheet called- thallus .
A horn-like structure and also does have rhizoids.
Usually grow on damp soils or on rock in tropical and warm
temperate regions.

65. Life Cycle of
a Hornwort

66. These Bryophytes are thought to
be the first plants.
They grow in shaded, moist
places, like the rainforests.
Mosses , Liverworts and
Hornworts reproduce by means
of sexual and asexual
reproduction.