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IRJET- Treatment of Dairy Effluent using Rotating Biological Contactors (RBC)
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2862 Treatment of Dairy Effluent using Rotating Biological Contactors (RBC) Aditya Kamath1, Onkar Kharat2, Rupesh Mehta3, Shardul Kalsekar4, Dipali Patil5 1,2,3,4Final Year Student, Department of Civil Engineering, D.R.I.E.M.S, Neral, Maharashtra, India 5Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, D.R.I.E.M.S, Neral, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Safe disposal of waste water either on land or water is most challenging task before the engineers. For medium and small scale industries, it is a burden to treat the effluent if the cost involvement is high. There are many waste water treatment technologies in use today.Rotatingbiological contactors (RBC) is most popular due to its simplicity, low energy, and less area requirement. RBC is an aerobic treatment process. It serves as a superior alternative for biodegradable material, biological oxygen demand(BOD)and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate. RBC consists of parallel circular disc attached perpendicular to a horizontal shaft. For better results, RBC is adopted in series of 3 to 6 to reduce waste water to nitrate level. RBC is utilized in several industries namely textile, dying, dairy etc. for treatment of effluent before disposal. This paper deals with application of RBC in dairy industry. The study area taken is Mahanand Dairy, which lies in suburbs of Mumbai, Goregaon. In this paper various treatment plants like screening, grit chamber, primary sedimentation tank, rotating biological contactor, secondary sedimentation tank and sludge digestion tank are designed. The treatment plant currently consistsoftraditional method of activated sludge process, this paper deals with design of entire treatment plant using rotating biological contactor. Key Words: Aerobic, ASP, Biodegradable, BOD, COD, Nitrate, RBC, Sludge, Treatment 1. INTRODUCTION Waste-water from dairy industry mainly consists of biodegradable and organic matterwhichdisruptsthemarine life. Due to the high pollution load of dairy wastewater, the milk-processing industries discharges untreated/partially treated wastewater causing serious environmental problems. Hence, it is important to carry out a treatmentasa starting point in order to optimize a simple and economic method to treat the whole dairy effluent. Appropriate treatment processes are required so as to meet the effluent discharge standards specified by the government. The wastewater treatment doesnot offer any financialprofit to the dairy industry owners therefore they unleash it directly to nearby water streamsor ashore (i.e. in nature)by giving just some of the primary treatment that maybe dueto lack of awareness in this regard or lack of funds. 1.1 Treatment using RBC In our study, to minimize the cost of the treatment plant the use of RBC (rotating biological contactors) is being suggested, which is an attached growth system and is able to sustain the shock loadings. Moreover it does not require recirculation of secondary sludge and also hydraulic retention time is low. The treatmentof effluent is done bypassingitthroughthe primary and secondary treatment process and thereby reducing physical and chemical characteristics to safe permissible limits. The wastewater is passed through fine screens to remove large particles from the wastewater. The second stage is Primary Sedimentation Tank, in this all the organic as well inorganic matter is allowed to settle. Settled sludge is directly taken in sludge digester.Theliquid wasteis then passedtoBiological treatment processfor stabilization. In the biological treatment process the organic matter present in the wastewater gets in contact with the micro- organism present in the biomass layer on the discs of RBC resulting in its decomposition that leads to the formation of biomassagain and when the disc dipsin the wastewater, it is removed from the disc andget submergedinthewastewater, the suspended biomassaswell astheliquidpassesthrough3- 4 disc’s, thusreducing the Nitrate level of effluent. After this, the waste effluent is passed through secondary sedimentationtank, where the sludge is settledandpassedto sludge digester where the effluent is reduced to gases and water and the digested sludge is dried and used as fertilizer. The supernatant liquid is again passed to primary treatment process and likewise the treatment process is continued. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Prashant. A. Kadu et al. explained theuseofRBC(Rotating Biological Contractor) and stated the benefit for small scale industry for them who cannot afford costly treatment plant. The reduction in Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and ChemicalOxygen Demand (COD) valueof effluentwaterafter the treatment process using RBC was done experimentally. Manoj.R.Tonde, et al performed an experimental study on the treatment of municipal waste water at a temperature of 12-24°C in an RBC system. In this, RBC system isdividedinto two similar stages connected in series to optimize the performance of RBC system; this system of stages was operated at different organic loading rates and hydraulic detention time. They carried out the study to evaluate the
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2863 effectiveness of supplemental aeration for improving the performance of RBC treatment system. Mr. K Stalin investigated the removal of COD from dairy industry effluent using three stage batch modes rotating biological contactor (RBC).The experimentswereconducted at different influent COD and rotational speeds. The author stated that the effluent of the RBC can be used for irrigation and gardening without any risk. Prashant.A.Kadu, Rajshree.B.Landge, Dr.Y.R.M.Rao,gavea rough estimate of amount of waste water generated per liter of milk processed. Also they have classified various dairy waste effluents depending on the type of systems and methods ofoperationused.The sampleswere collectedfrom dairyindustry and after treatmentwereanalyzedforpH,TSS, BOD5 and COD by using standards methods. The following parameters were measured Five Days Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD and Total Suspended Solids, TSS using Dilution Method, Open Reflux Method and Gravimetric after filtration respectively. The author also stated the advantages of RBC and also did a comparative study with Activated Sludge Plants. Steven.E.Williams, et al. explainedtheutilizationofRBCfor Municipalwastewater treatment, itsupsidesanddownsides, and explained whetheror not RBCprovidesnutrientremoval just like that provided by ASP and also the design of RBC process. A.S. Kolhe, V.P. Pawar performed the experiments on the treated and untreated effluents samples from dairy industry for studying & analysis of physicochemical parameters like pH, temperature, colour, DO, BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, TS, Chlorides, Sulphates, Oil & grease. It was concluded that the treated water can be used for gardening purpose. After analysis made by MPCB, of effluent sample, they suggested some repair and maintenance work of treatment plant, unit which is necessary. As far as the treatment plant is concerned, they concluded that the treatment plant is working with satisfactory efficiency. Riyaj K.Mulla, Azim S.Sutar, Anil C. Ranveer studied about various technologies available for the treatment of dairy effluent. It also gives information about combination of conventional effluenttreatmentplantwithtertiarytreatment. Various technologieslikeactivatedcarbon,packedbedfilters, electro-coagulation, and reverse osmosis techniques are explained. 3. STUDY AREA The area extends for about 60 hectares of land while treatment plant situated over an area of about 3 hectares situated in Goregaon a suburb in the Mumbai city, in the Mumbai Suburban district of India. The area has following geographic features having an elevation of 14.7 meters (48.23 feet). The district has latitude of 19.1551° N and longitude of 72.8679° E. There are number of dairy plants in the vicinity namely Mother dairy, Dynamix dairy industrieslimited, Maharashta Shasan Aarey milk centre, Unit no. 10 (Central Dairy),ShreeThakkar dairy farm, Azam dairy, Aarey colony and Shree Jain dairy farm. Mahanand dairy has milk procurement system which spreads over the district of Maharashtra. Mahanand dairy is distributing 30 lakhs liters milk per day in Mumbai with the help of one packing depot strategically located at Navi Mumbai. The water left after the production of several products is termed as dairy waste water. The effluent from milk processing unit containssoluble organics, suspended solids, trace organics which releases gases, causes taste and odor, imparts colour and turbidity, and promote eutrophication which affects and disturb the environment.[8]Henceproper treatment is must before disposal however instead of disposing this dairy waste water it is recycled after proper treatment and used for washing and gardening purpose. 3.1 Design details Mahanand industry utilizes about 5000 m3/day of fresh water. The treated and untreated effluent discharge amount was 2750 m3/day i.e. 55% of the total water used. Waste water quality was determined by estimating physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of waste water. Waste water sample wascollectedbyfabricatedwater sample of its capacity and transported to lab, where analysis was done for a period of 2 days. The sample collected were analyzed for temperature, pH, BOD and COD. Temperature of waste water ranged from 26.2 oC to 35.40oC The colour of dairy waste water was white. pH was found as 9.68 BOD value was around 250 mg/l COD value was 781.57 mg/l 4. METHODOLOGY 4.1 Screening Screening is the very first operation carried out at a sewage treatment plant. It removes the floating materials. The screens are kept inclined at about 30 to 60O to the
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of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2864 direction of flow. The velocity through the screens should not more than 0.8 to 1 m/s. We have provided steel bars in the screen, having width of 1 cm and paced at 5 cm clear spacing. 4.2 Design of Grit Chamber A rectangular grit chamber is designed to remove particles with diameter of 0.2 mm with specific gravity of 2.65.Taking settling velocity of particles ain the range of 0.016 to 0.022. Horizontal velocity of flow is taken as 0.3 m/s. Vs = = =0.04 m/s This is the settling velocity of 0.2 mm sized organic particles in water. As waste water viscosity will be more than water which will affect the settling velocity .Hence taking 50% settling velocity as compared to settling velocity of particles in water. Q = 2750 m3/d =31.83 l/s =0.03183 ≅ 0.032 m3/s Q = A V 0.032 = A 0.3 A = 0.12 m2 Providing a depth of 1.2 m, free board of 0.3 m and 0.3 m space for accumulation of grits and width of grit chamber as 1m. Length of channel:- Horizontal velocity detention period. It means that more the detention period, more horizontal distance could be travelled. Settling velocity is taken as 0.02 m/s Detention Period = = = 30 seconds. L = 0.3 × 30 = 9m Increasing by (10 to 50 ) taking it as 30 = = 12.85 m. Provide a grit chamber of size as 15×1×1.2 m having a flow velocity of 0.3 m/s 4.3 Design of Primary Sedimentation Tank Q = 2.75 MLD, SS0=450 mg/l Preferring plain sedimentation. Assuming overflow rate of 18 m3/m2/day 1. Plan area of tank = = = 152.77 ≈160m2 Provide tank of 200m2 LxB =200m2 L= 20m B= 10m 2. Assuming detention period of 4 hr Volume of tank = QD tD = 4 = 600 m3 Height of tank =600/200 = 3m Design a rectangular continuous tank of size as 20×10×3 m. Setting velocity of concerned particles is called as surface overflow rate which decides efficiency of tank Vs=18m/day =0.208 mm/s The flow velocity of tank Vf Vf = = = 1.39 mm/s Design of RBC module to treat 2750 m3/day ≈ 3000 m3/day Assumptions: - Hydraulic loading rate =110 l/m2/day, Diameter of disc = 3m, c/c spacing between disc=20mm. Q = 3000 m3/day = 0.035 m3/sec. Area of disc = ×32 =7.068 m2 Total surface area of 1 disc = (2× 7.068) + (πD×0.1) . =14.14 m2 Totalsurfacearearequired= m2 No. of discs = Total length of shaft required = 1930× = 38.6m. Assumption Let length of each shaft be 10m Therefore total number of Rotating Biological contactor required = = 3.86 Therefore provide 4 - RBC in series with 50% submergence in water with clear spacing of 10 cm rotating at 6 rpm Volume of tank = × (3+0.1)2 ×0.5×4×10 = 150 m3 Hydraulic Retention Time = = hr. Check should be between 1-1.5 hrs OK Raw BOD5 = 250 mg/l Influent BOD = 0.7 ×250 =175 mg/l.
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2865 Organic loading = = 0.019 (upto 0.022 ) OK a. Secondary Sedimentation Tank Surface loading rate mostly preferred for secondary sedimentation tank is 15 to 30 m3/m2/day. Adopting a surface loading rate of 20 m3 /day/m2 Q = 2750 m3/day 1. Surface area required = = 137.5 m2. Adopting solids loadingof 125 kg/day/m2 forMLSSof2000 mg/l 2. Surface area required = = 44 m2. Preferring maximum surface area of 137.5 m2 Surface Area = 137.5 m2 140 m2 Adopting a circular tank, Area = 140 = D = 13.35 m 15 m. Weir loading for circular weir placed along peripheryoftank having length equal to = = 58.35 m3/day/m < 150 OK Hence, provide settling tank of 15 m diameter. b. Design of Sludge Digestion Tank Assumptions: - 2.75 MLD treatment plant, 60 suspended solid removal in PST. Moisture content of sludge is 96 %; digested sludge solid content is 8% Specific gravity of raw and digested sludge is 1. 1.03 and 1.04 respectively Mean cell residence time is 15 days and efficiency, = 60 % Weight of solids in raw sludge w = = = 742.5 kg/day 750 kg/day. Weight of volatile solids = 0.7 750 = 525 kg/day. Weight of non volatile solids = 0.3 750 = 225 kg/day. Volume of raw sludge, = 18.20 m3/day. Weight of non volatile solid in digested sludge = 0.35 52 = 183.75 kg/day. Volume of raw sludge, = 18.20 m3/day. Weight of non volatile solid in digested sludge = 0.35 525 = 183.75 kg/day. Total weight of digested sludge = 183.75 + 225 =408.75 kg/day. Volume of digested sludge, V2 = = 4.91 m3/day. Volume (V) = = = 140.1 m3 Volume of gas = 0.6 525 = 315 m3 OR Volume of gas = 0.9 0.65 525 = 307.12 m3 Selecting maximum of the two values. Volume of CH4 = 0.65 × 315 = 204.75 m3. Calorific value = 8600×204.75 = 1.76 ×106 kcal. Preferring High Rate Sludge Digester. 5.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Provide a Grit Chamber of size as 15m ×1m ×1.2m. Design a rectangular Sedimentation Tank ofsizeas20 m × 10 m × 3 m. Providing 4 - RBC in series with 50% submergence in water with clear spacing of 10 cm at 6 rpm. Provide Secondary Sedimentation Tank of 15 m diameter. Preferring High Rate Sludge Digester with volume of Sludge Digester as 140 m3. 6.0 CONCLUSION Mahanand Dairy plant currently uses Activated Sludge Process in which the sludge is to be recirculated and proper F/M ratio is to be maintained, thus proving to be hectic and costly. In this paper we have successfully designed various unit of treatment plant using Rotating Biological Contactor as a biological method to decompose the organic matter by bringing it in sufficient contact of air as RBC is an effective method of treating wastewater and offers an alternative technology to conventional activatedsludgeprocessbecause of its ease to maintain and operate, having high process stability with less space requirement. RBC system proves to be economical as tertiary removal is not required. REFERENCES [1] Manoj R Tonde, Sonali B. Patil, Jyoti R. Mali, “Review Paper on Study of Rotating Biological Contactor for wastewater Treatment Process”, Vol.5, No.3 (June 2015).
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of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2866 [2] Prashant A.Kadu, Amruta A.Badge, Dr. Y.R.M Rao, “Treatment of Municipal Wastewater by using Roatating Bological Contactors (Rbc’s)”, Volume-2, Issue-4 (2013) [3] Prashant.A.Kadu, Rajshree.B.Landge, Dr.Y.R.M.Rao, “Treatment of dairy wastewater using rotating biological contactors”, Euro.J. Exp. Bio., 2013. [4] Mr. K Stalin, “Performance of Rotating Biological Contactor in Wastewater Treatment – A Review”, IJSER, Volume 5, Issue 1, January-2014 [5] A.S. Kolhe, V.P. Pawar, “PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF EFFLUENTS FROM DAIRY INDUSTRY”, Recent Research in Science and Technology 2011, 3(5): 29-32. [6] Steven.E.Williams, P.E.Williams & Works, Inc., “RECONSIDERINGROTATINGBIOLOGICALCONTACTORSAS AN OPTION FOR MUNICIPAL WASTEWATERTREATMENT”, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, January, 2011. [7] Riyaj K.Mulla, Azim S.Sutar, Anil C. Ranveer, “Study of various Technologies Available For Treatment of Dairy wastewater- A Review”, IJRASET, Volume 3, Issue XI, November 2015. [8] Bharati S. Shete,N. P.Shinkar,“Dairy IndustryWastewater Sources,Characteristics & its Effects on Environment”, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol.3, No.5 (December 2013)
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