Instruments orthopaedics for mbbs studentsTONY SCARIA
plates
screws
cortical
cancellous
shanz pin plates
screws
cortical
cancellous
shanz pin
derhums pin
k wire
k nail
Radius square nail
DCP
dynamic hip screw
ulna square nail
prosthesis
derhums pin
k wire
k nail
Instruments orthopaedics for mbbs studentsTONY SCARIA
plates
screws
cortical
cancellous
shanz pin plates
screws
cortical
cancellous
shanz pin
derhums pin
k wire
k nail
Radius square nail
DCP
dynamic hip screw
ulna square nail
prosthesis
derhums pin
k wire
k nail
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease diagnosis and criteria
( without managements ).
by dr. Ali Kareem
final year medical student
Al Mustansiriyah University College of Medicine \ Baghdad \ IRAQ \ 2018
Hirsutism _ excesive terminal hair growth in the women on a male pattern distribution-face, body(sexual hear,androgendependent)-common in PCOS
Hypertricosis_ can involve of vellus, lanugo, nonpigmanted hair and terminal hear occupying the entire body surface including the face ( androgen independent disorder)- congenital, caused by drugs, hypothyroidism, anorexia nervosa
Virilization _ production of androgens in women is extremely high (presence of clitoromegaly,alopecia- balding, deepening of the voice- bariphonia, male body habitus)-usually caused by androgen producing tumors, CAH
Acne _ du to hyperceratosis and occlusion of duct of sebaceum gland plus inflammation( multifactoral, androgendependent)
Acanthosis nigricans _ skin grey- brown ,velvety appearance mainly in the neck, axillae,vulva and groin (local hyperpigmentation of skin on specific area-marker of hyperinsulinemia/insulinresistance)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease diagnosis and criteria
( without managements ).
by dr. Ali Kareem
final year medical student
Al Mustansiriyah University College of Medicine \ Baghdad \ IRAQ \ 2018
Hirsutism _ excesive terminal hair growth in the women on a male pattern distribution-face, body(sexual hear,androgendependent)-common in PCOS
Hypertricosis_ can involve of vellus, lanugo, nonpigmanted hair and terminal hear occupying the entire body surface including the face ( androgen independent disorder)- congenital, caused by drugs, hypothyroidism, anorexia nervosa
Virilization _ production of androgens in women is extremely high (presence of clitoromegaly,alopecia- balding, deepening of the voice- bariphonia, male body habitus)-usually caused by androgen producing tumors, CAH
Acne _ du to hyperceratosis and occlusion of duct of sebaceum gland plus inflammation( multifactoral, androgendependent)
Acanthosis nigricans _ skin grey- brown ,velvety appearance mainly in the neck, axillae,vulva and groin (local hyperpigmentation of skin on specific area-marker of hyperinsulinemia/insulinresistance)
5. PRIMARY SURVEY
• A : can speak, patent airway, not tender along C-
spine
• B : equal breath sound, chest compression
negative
• C : BP 115/74 mmHg, PR 70 bpm, no external
bleeding
• D : E4V5M6, pupil 3 mm RTLBE
• E : Right elbow tenderness, swelling, deformity
7. SECONDARY SURVEY
• A : no drug allergy
• M : no current medication
• P : no underlying disease
• L : 30 min PTA (10.30น.)
• E : ผู้ป่วยประสบอุบัติเหตุ รถมอเตอร์ไซต์ชนรถยนต์โดยผู้ป่วยเป็นคนขับ
ศอกขวากระแทกพื้น ไม่สลบ ไม่มีศีรษะกระแทก หลังจากนั้นมีปวดบวมที่
ข้อศอกขวา ข้อศอกขวาผิดรูป ยกแขนไม่ได้ งอศอกไม่ได้ ไม่ชามือ กระดก
ข้อมือและพับนิ้วได้ ไม่มีบาดแผลภายนอก จึงมาโรงพยาบาล
8. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
• Vital sign: BT 37C BP 115/74 mmHg PR 70/min
RR 14/min
• GA: good consciousness
• HEENT: no wound, noactive bleeding, no facial deformity,
not tender along C- spine
• Chest : no wound, equal breath sound, CCT negative
• Heart : normal s1s2, no murmur, pulse full and regular
• Abdomen : soft, not tender, PCT negative
• Perineum : no wound, no ecchymosis
9. • Musculoskeletal : Right elbow swelling,
deformity, tender, limit ROM due to pain, loss of
isosceles triangle, neurovascular intact,
cap.rerill<2 sec, radial pulse 2+
• Neurologic : E4V5M6, pupil 3 mm RTLBE, motor
power gr.V all, sensory intact
10. ADJUNCT TO
SECONDARY SURVEY
• Film Left elbow AP, lateral
• Film Left wrist AP, lateral
• Film Left humerus AP,lateral
20. EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Most common major joint dislocation second to the
shoulder
• Posterolateral is most common type of dislocation
• Account for 10-25% of injuries to elbow
• Predominantly between age 10-20 years old
22. CLASSIFICATION
• Simple dislocation : does not have any major bone injury
• Complex dislocation : can have severe bone and
ligament injuries for example : fractures, open fractures
28. X-ray Finding
• Look for associated fractures:
• Medial/lateral epicondyle (12-34%)
• Radial head (5-10%)
• Coronoid process (5-10%)
• Terrible Triad: posterior dislocation with radial head and
coronoid process fractures
29. TREATMENT
• NONSURGICAL
▸ Indication : simple dislocation
▸ Sedative and pain control medication
▸ reduction and splinting at 90’ for 7-10 day, as soon as
possible ▸ Early motion exercise
31. COMPLICATION
• Contracture/ stiffness is common
• Varus posteromedial instability
• Loss of motion (esp. extension)
• Neurovascular injuries (ulnar, median n.) :Volkmann
contracture (claw hand): Can develop in the presence of
massive soft tissue swelling
• Compartment syndrome
• Damage to articular surface
• Recurrent dislocations are uncommon (incidence is increased
when terrible triad is present)
32. REDUCTION
Parvin’s method: patient lies prone with entire upper extremity hanging off the
bed, downward traction is applied to the wrist for a few minutes—> olecranon
slips distally, arm is then lifted gently (Method A)
Meyn & Quigley method: forearm hangs off of bed, gentle downward traction is
applied to wrist, olecranon is guided with opposite hand (Method B)