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Extern Conference
PHRAMONGKUTKLAO COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
Ext.Supattarapong Jaideejaroen
Case : ผู้ป่วยชายไทยอายุ 45 ปี no underlying disease
Chief complaint : ปวดสะโพกขวา 3 ชั่วโมง ก่อนมา รพ.
Present illness :
- 3 ชม.ก่อนมา รพ. ผู้ป่วยขี่จักรยานยนต์ แล้วถูกรถกระบะชน ผู้ป่วยกระเด็นแล้วตกลงพื้น
โดยเอาร่างกายด้านขวาลงกระแทก ผู้ป่วยจาเหตุการณ์ได้ไม่หมดสติ
แต่มีอาการมึนเมาสุรา หลังเกิดเหตุมีเจ็บที่หน้าอกและคอ และมี
บาดแผลที่เข่าขวา มีอาการปวดสะโพกด้านขวา ปวดมากจนขยับไม่ได้
รถ EMS ส่ง รพ.โนนสูง แล้วส่งต่อมา รพ.มหาราช
Primery Survey
A : can talk , not tender along C-spine , neck full ROM
B : spontaneous breathing , equal chest expansion , equal
breath sound , clear both lungs , CCT -
C : BP 96/58 mmHg , Heart rate 96/min , capillary refill <2
sec
D : E4V5M6 , pupil 3 mm RTLBE , motor grade V all
extremities , PR good sphincter tone
E : abrasion wound 3x4 cm at right knee , mild swelling ,
right leg deformity
Secondary Survey
A : no history of drug or food allergy
M : no medication
P : no underlying disease
L : last meal at 18.00 ( 3 hrs PTA)
E : เกิดเหตุบนถนน ผู้ป่วยถูกรถกระบะชน กระเด็นเอาร่างกายด้านขวาลงกระแทก จาเหตุการณ์ได้
มีสติรู้ตัว แต่มีอาการมึนเมา หลังเกิดเหตุเจ็บหน้าอก คอ และปวดสะโพกขวามาก มีแผลที่เข่าขวา
Physical Examination
GA : A middle age Thai man , good
consciousness , E4V5M6
HEENT : no discharge from eye or ear ,
no neck pain , no hematoma
Chest : equal chest movement , no stridor , clear and equal breath
sound , trachea in midline , equal tympanic on percussion
Heart : normal S1,S2 , no murmur , distal pulse can be palpated
Abdomen : soft , not tender , no guarding . no rebound tenderness
Neuro : pupil 3 mm RTLBE , motor grade V all ext. , sensory intact ,
reflex 2+ all , PR good sphincter tone
V/S : BP 96/58 mmHg BT 36.7 HR 96 /min
RR 22 /min
Extremity : Rt. Leg  external rotation deformity , Rt.leg shorter
than left leg , cannot lift leg , no tender point , pelvic compression
negative , no wound , no swelling
Rt. Knee  abrasion wound size 3x4 cm , no deformity , full ROM
Rt. Ankle  no wound , not tender , full ROM
Physical Examination
Investigation
Investigation
Investigation
Investigation
Investigation
FAST : negative
Film - C-spine : Closed fracture at spinous
processC3-C4
- Both Hip AP and Hip lateral :
Closed fracture at intertrochanter of right
femur
Investigation
Treatment
- On skeletal traction right leg 2 kg
- On Philadelphia collar
- NPO
- 5% DN/2 1000 ml IV rate 80 ml/hr
- CBC , BUN , Cr , Electrolyte
- Chest X-ray
Intertrochanteric
fractures
Definition
• An intertrochanteric fracture occurs between the greater
and lesser trochanter, where the gluteus medius and
minimus muscle (hip extensor and abductor)attach, and the
lesser trochanter, where the iliopsoas muscle (hip
flexor)attaches.
General Features
• Exuracapsular fracture with better healing potential
• Common in elderly osteoporotic patient, usually woman in
their 80’s
• More common than intracapsular
• Rarely causes avascular necrosis
Mechanism of Injury
• In younger individual are usually the result of a high-energy
injury, such as a motor vehicle accident or fall from high.
• In elderly, it result from a simple fall.
Signs and Symptoms
• Pain
• Marked shortening of lower limb
• Patient can not lift their leg
• Complete external rotation deformity
• Swelling, ecchymosis and tenderness over the greater trochanter
Investigation
- Pelvis AP
- Pelvis cross-table lateral
Classification(Boyd & Griffin)
Stable fractures
• Type I: Nondisplaced fracture
• Type II: Displaced fracture
Unstable fractures
• Type III: Reverse,subtrochanteric,or
posteromedial comminution fracture
• Type IV: Intertrochanteric fracture with
subtrochanteric fracture
Stability of fracture
• Integrity of the posteromedial cortex is
the most important factor
• Reverse fracture is more unstable
• Subtrochanter fracture is more unstable
Treament
- Nonoperative
nonweightbearing with early out of bed to chair
indications
- nonambulatory patients
- patients at high risk for perioperative mortality
outcomes
- high rates of pneumonia, urinary tract infections, decubiti, and
DVT
Treament
- Operative
- sliding hip compression screw
indications
- stable intertrochanteric fractures
- intramedullary hip screw (cephalomedullary nail)
indications
- stable fracture patterns
- unstable fracture patterns
- reverse obliquity fractures
56% failure when treated with sliding hip screw
- subtrochanteric extension
- lack of integrity of femoral wall
associated with increased displacement and collapse when treated with
sliding hip screw
Complications
 Less non-union or avascular necrosis
 Malunion happened in unstable
fractures
Thank you

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Intertrochanteric Fracture

  • 1. Extern Conference PHRAMONGKUTKLAO COLLEGE OF MEDICINE Ext.Supattarapong Jaideejaroen
  • 2. Case : ผู้ป่วยชายไทยอายุ 45 ปี no underlying disease Chief complaint : ปวดสะโพกขวา 3 ชั่วโมง ก่อนมา รพ. Present illness : - 3 ชม.ก่อนมา รพ. ผู้ป่วยขี่จักรยานยนต์ แล้วถูกรถกระบะชน ผู้ป่วยกระเด็นแล้วตกลงพื้น โดยเอาร่างกายด้านขวาลงกระแทก ผู้ป่วยจาเหตุการณ์ได้ไม่หมดสติ แต่มีอาการมึนเมาสุรา หลังเกิดเหตุมีเจ็บที่หน้าอกและคอ และมี บาดแผลที่เข่าขวา มีอาการปวดสะโพกด้านขวา ปวดมากจนขยับไม่ได้ รถ EMS ส่ง รพ.โนนสูง แล้วส่งต่อมา รพ.มหาราช
  • 3. Primery Survey A : can talk , not tender along C-spine , neck full ROM B : spontaneous breathing , equal chest expansion , equal breath sound , clear both lungs , CCT - C : BP 96/58 mmHg , Heart rate 96/min , capillary refill <2 sec D : E4V5M6 , pupil 3 mm RTLBE , motor grade V all extremities , PR good sphincter tone E : abrasion wound 3x4 cm at right knee , mild swelling , right leg deformity
  • 4. Secondary Survey A : no history of drug or food allergy M : no medication P : no underlying disease L : last meal at 18.00 ( 3 hrs PTA) E : เกิดเหตุบนถนน ผู้ป่วยถูกรถกระบะชน กระเด็นเอาร่างกายด้านขวาลงกระแทก จาเหตุการณ์ได้ มีสติรู้ตัว แต่มีอาการมึนเมา หลังเกิดเหตุเจ็บหน้าอก คอ และปวดสะโพกขวามาก มีแผลที่เข่าขวา
  • 5. Physical Examination GA : A middle age Thai man , good consciousness , E4V5M6 HEENT : no discharge from eye or ear , no neck pain , no hematoma Chest : equal chest movement , no stridor , clear and equal breath sound , trachea in midline , equal tympanic on percussion Heart : normal S1,S2 , no murmur , distal pulse can be palpated Abdomen : soft , not tender , no guarding . no rebound tenderness Neuro : pupil 3 mm RTLBE , motor grade V all ext. , sensory intact , reflex 2+ all , PR good sphincter tone V/S : BP 96/58 mmHg BT 36.7 HR 96 /min RR 22 /min
  • 6. Extremity : Rt. Leg  external rotation deformity , Rt.leg shorter than left leg , cannot lift leg , no tender point , pelvic compression negative , no wound , no swelling Rt. Knee  abrasion wound size 3x4 cm , no deformity , full ROM Rt. Ankle  no wound , not tender , full ROM Physical Examination
  • 12. FAST : negative Film - C-spine : Closed fracture at spinous processC3-C4 - Both Hip AP and Hip lateral : Closed fracture at intertrochanter of right femur Investigation
  • 13. Treatment - On skeletal traction right leg 2 kg - On Philadelphia collar - NPO - 5% DN/2 1000 ml IV rate 80 ml/hr - CBC , BUN , Cr , Electrolyte - Chest X-ray
  • 15. Definition • An intertrochanteric fracture occurs between the greater and lesser trochanter, where the gluteus medius and minimus muscle (hip extensor and abductor)attach, and the lesser trochanter, where the iliopsoas muscle (hip flexor)attaches.
  • 16.
  • 17. General Features • Exuracapsular fracture with better healing potential • Common in elderly osteoporotic patient, usually woman in their 80’s • More common than intracapsular • Rarely causes avascular necrosis
  • 18. Mechanism of Injury • In younger individual are usually the result of a high-energy injury, such as a motor vehicle accident or fall from high. • In elderly, it result from a simple fall.
  • 19. Signs and Symptoms • Pain • Marked shortening of lower limb • Patient can not lift their leg • Complete external rotation deformity • Swelling, ecchymosis and tenderness over the greater trochanter
  • 20. Investigation - Pelvis AP - Pelvis cross-table lateral
  • 21. Classification(Boyd & Griffin) Stable fractures • Type I: Nondisplaced fracture • Type II: Displaced fracture Unstable fractures • Type III: Reverse,subtrochanteric,or posteromedial comminution fracture • Type IV: Intertrochanteric fracture with subtrochanteric fracture
  • 22.
  • 23. Stability of fracture • Integrity of the posteromedial cortex is the most important factor • Reverse fracture is more unstable • Subtrochanter fracture is more unstable
  • 24. Treament - Nonoperative nonweightbearing with early out of bed to chair indications - nonambulatory patients - patients at high risk for perioperative mortality outcomes - high rates of pneumonia, urinary tract infections, decubiti, and DVT
  • 25. Treament - Operative - sliding hip compression screw indications - stable intertrochanteric fractures - intramedullary hip screw (cephalomedullary nail) indications - stable fracture patterns - unstable fracture patterns - reverse obliquity fractures 56% failure when treated with sliding hip screw - subtrochanteric extension - lack of integrity of femoral wall associated with increased displacement and collapse when treated with sliding hip screw
  • 26. Complications  Less non-union or avascular necrosis  Malunion happened in unstable fractures