The document summarizes key features of the plant kingdom. It describes the four main phyla as mosses, conifers, ferns and flowering plants. Flowering plants are further divided into monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Monocotyledons have one cotyledon, parallel leaf veins, flower parts divisible by three, and examples include kaffir lily. Dicotyledons have two cotyledons, branching leaf veins, flower parts divisible by four or five, with hibiscus as an example.

1. Features of the Plant Kingdom

2. You should be able to:
• List the different phyla of the plant kingdom.
• List the main visible features of
monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous
flowering plants.

3. The Plant Kingdom
What you know already:
• Cell walls are made of cellulose.
• Some parts of plants are green.

4. Why are plants green?
• They have chloroplasts.
• Chloroplasts contain a
green pigment calles
chlorophyll.
• Chlorophyll absorbs
energy from sunlight.
• The plant uses this
energy to make Glucose.
• This process is called
photosynthesis.

5. Phyla of the plant kingdom
There are 4 main phyla in the plant kingdom:
• Mosses:
– simple leaves and stem.
– They shed spores.

6. Phyla of the plant kingdom
• Conifers:
– Cone-bearing trees
and shrubs.
– Seeds but no fruits.
– Leaves are like
needles.

7. Phyla of the plant kingdom
• Ferns:
– Plants with roots, stems and leaves.
– They have leaves called fronds.
– They don’t produce flowers.
– They reproduce by spores.

9. Phyla of the plant kingdom
Flowering plants:
• Plants with roots, stems and leaves.
• Reproduce sexually by means of flowers and
seeds.
• Seeds are produced in the ovary, in the flower.

10. Flowering plants are classified into two
groups:
Monocotyledonous plants
• 1 cotyledon
• strap like leaves
• parallel veins
• flower parts divisible by 3
• example: kaffir lily

11. Flowering plants are classified into two
groups:
Dicotyledonous plants
• 2 cotyledons
• broad leaves
• branching veins
• flower parts divisible by 4
or 5

12. Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons

14. Comparing monocotyledons and
dicotyledons:
Feature monocotyledon dicotyledon
Number of cotyledons
1 2
Leaf shape
strap like broad
Vein pattern
parallel branching
Flower parts divisible by:
3 4 or 5
Example
Kaffir lily Hibiscus

15. Which plant is a monocotyledon and which
is a dicotyledon?
dicotyledon monocotyledon