The document discusses the classification of living organisms. It defines classification as putting things into groups and explains that classifying living things makes it easier to study and identify new species. The key methods of classification are morphology, anatomy, and DNA. The document also describes Linnaeus' binomial system of classification using genus and species names. Organisms are classified into a taxonomic hierarchy from kingdom down to species based on their characteristics and evolutionary relationships.

1. Which characteristic of living
organisms?
Removing the waste products of
internal metabolism (chemical reactions
in cells), toxic molecules or those taken
in excess.

2. Excretion

3. Making more of the same kind (species) of an
organism.

4. Reproduction

5. Absorbing (taking in) of nutrients (organic
substances and mineral ions in animals, mineral
ions in plants),
And assimilating (using) these materials for
respiration, growth and tissue repair.

6. Nutrition

7. Action of all or part of an organism causing a
change of position or place.

8. Movement

9. Permanent increase in the dry mass of
an organism and/or in the number or size
of cells or complexity.

10. Growth

11. The ability to detect changes in the
environment (stimulus) and to
respond

12. Sensitivity

13. Making chemical (ATP) energy in
living cells from nutrient molecules.

14. Respiration

16. Classification
Learning Objectives:
• Why it is important to classify organisms.
• How to classify organisms using the Binomial System.

17. What is classification?
●Taxanomic Hierarchy

18. What is classification?
●putting things into groups

19. Why classify living organisms?
●Make it easier to study them.
●Identify new species.

20. How do we classify living things?
There are 3 ways:
●Morphology
–the overall form and shape of their bodies.
–E.g: Do they have legs or wings?
●Anatomy
–the detailed body structure of a living organism.
●DNA
–The genetic material passed on from one
generation to another.

21. Important information!!!
●The sequences of bases in DNA and of amino
acids in proteins are used as a more accurate
means of classification.

22. Also...
●Organisms which share a more recent ancestor
(are more closely related) have similar DNA
sequences than those that only share a distant
ancestor.

23. How do we classify living things?
●Classifying living things

24. Linnaeus – Binomial System
●Linnaeus was a Swedish naturalist who
introduced the Binomial System.
●He divided all the different kinds of living things
into groups called SPECIES.
●Remember a new species has two names written
in Latin:
Genus Species
Homo sapien

25. How do we classify living things?
KINGDOM – large group of organisms,
few characteristics in common
SPECIES – small group of organisms,
lots of characteristics in common

26. Coursebook
●Page 5
●Question 1.1a and 1.1b

27. Answers
●1.1 a
–They are distantly related, because they belong
to the same kingdom but different phyla.
●1.1b
–Manis

28. 1.1 c – how is a human classified?
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
animal
vertebrates (chordata)
mammals
primates
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens