This document summarizes the key features of organisms across the five kingdoms - Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists, and Bacteria. It outlines the main cellular components like the cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA and ribosomes. It then describes the defining characteristics of each kingdom, such as multicellular eukaryotes for animals and plants, chloroplasts for plants, single-celled prokaryotes for bacteria. Specific phyla within the animal and plant kingdoms are also summarized, including vertebrates, arthropods, monocots and dicots.

1. Useful Website!!!
BBC GCSE BITESIZE
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/

2. Features of organisms

3. Features of organisms
Learning Objectives:
– Main features in the cells of living organisms.
– Main features of the 5 kingdoms of living things.
– The features used to place organisms into groups
within the animal kingdom.
– The main features used to place organisms into
groups within the plant kingdom.

4. What are the main features in cells?
All cell contains the following components (ORGANELLES):
• Cell membrane – this is the outer surface of the cell
and it controls what comes in and out of the cell.
• Cytoplasm – a gel-like substance where most of the
chemical reactions happen.
• DNA – the genetic material that controls the cell’s
activities.

5. What are the main features in cells?

6. What are the main features in cells?
Also:
• Ribosomes - they make proteins (PROTEIN SYNTHESIS).

7. ENZYMES:
• An enzyme is a protein molecule.
• The basic function of an enzyme is to increase the rate
of a reaction.
What are the main features in cells?

8. Kingdoms
●The first big division of living things in the classification system
is to put them into one of five kingdoms.
These are based on what an organism's cells are like.
●The five kingdoms are:
●Animals (all multicellular animals)
●Plants (all green plants)
●Fungi (moulds, mushrooms, yeast)
●Bacteria (all single cells)
●Protoctists (Amoeba, Chlorella and Plasmodium)

9. Animal Kingdom
• They are MULTICELLULAR.
• Cells contain a Nucleus.
• They can MOVE AROUND.

10. Plant Kingdom
• They are MULTICELLULAR.
• Chloroplasts used for Photosynthesis.
• Cell Wall made of cellulose that surrounds the cell
membrane and provides support and strengthens
the cell.
• Vacuole a large space in the middle of the cell that
contains salts and sugars to support the cell.

11. Prokaryote Kingdom
• Bacteria.
• They are Single Celled.
• They don’t have a nucleus. Instead, they have a single
strand of DNA in the cytoplasm.
• They also contain Plasmids. (extra bits of DNA)
• Most bacteria feed of other organisms (Living and
Dead)

12. Fungi Kingdom
• Can be single or multi-celled.
• They contain hyphae (thread like structures that contain
nuclei).
• They can’t photosynthesise.
• Their cell walls contain chitin.
• They feed by saprotrophic nutrition which means they
excrete enzymes around their body to dissolve food and
then absorb the nutrients.

13. Protoctista Kingdom
• They are single celled and microscopic.
• Some have chloroplasts like plants.
• Others are more like animal cells.

15. Viruses
Living or not?

16. Viruses
• They are smaller than
bacteria.
• They can only reproduce
inside living cells.
• They don’t have a cellular
structure.
• They have a protein coat
around some DNA or RNA.

17. Coursebook Pgs 6-7
Title - The Kingdoms of living organisms.
● Write down the characteristics for each kingdom
of living organisms.
● E.g:
● Animals
– Multicellular
– Cells have a nucleus, but no cell walls or
chloroplasts
– Feed on organic substances made by other living
organisms.

19. Do you have a backbone?
If an animal has a
backbone it is called a
vertebrate; if not, it’s
called an invertebrate.

21. Worksheet 1.2 – Characteristics of
vertebrates
Complete the table for each specimen or picture:
1
2
3
4
1
5
6

22. Classification

23. Extension
Pages 11 - 12
1) Write a list of the characteristics of Arthropods:
●Insects
●Crustaceans
●Arachnids
●Myriapods
2) Write a list of the characteristics of plants:
●Ferns
●Flowering Plants

24. Monocots and Dicots. (Plants)
Monocotyledons:
• One seed leaf.
• Strap-shaped leaves.
• Parallel veins.
Dicotyledons:
• Two seed leaves.
• Various shaped leaves.
• Branching veins.

26. Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons

27. Features of organisms
Learning Objectives:
– Main features in the cells of living organisms.
– Main features of the 5 kingdoms of living things.
– The features used to place organisms into groups
within the animal kingdom.
– The main features used to place organisms into
groups within the plant kingdom.