This document discusses plant and animal cells. It describes some of the key discoveries in cell biology including Hooke discovering cells in 1665 and von Leeuwenhoek first observing single-celled organisms under a microscope. The cell theory established that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, and all cells come from preexisting cells. The document compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and describes several organelles found in plant and animal cells including the nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies and lysosomes. It notes both the similarities and differences between plant and animal cells.

1. Plant & Animal Cells

2. The Cell Story

3. • Robert Hooke- in 1665
he discovered the cell
composition of cork and
introduced the word
“cell” to science
• Anton von Leeuwenhoek
was first to observe one
celled living things.
Examples of these were
bacteria and

4. • Robert Brown- in
1830, he identified a
dark-stained structure
at the center of every
cell he observed. He
referred to such
structure as the
nucleus.

5. The Cell Theory
• All living things are
made up of cells
• Cells are the basic unit
of structure and
function in living
things
• Living cells come only
from other living cells
• Rudolph Virchow
Matthias Schleiden
Theodor Schwann

6. • 1838- a German
botanist discovered
that all plants were
composed of cells
• 1839- a German
zoologist discovered
that all animals were
composed of cells
• 1856- a German
physician was
doing an
experiment when
he found that all
cells come from
other existing
cells
Schwann
Matthias Schleiden Theodor Schwann Rudolph Virchow

7. Two Fundamentally Different Types of Cells
A prokaryotic cell
A eukaryotic cell

8. Eukaryotes and
Prokaryotes

9. Animal and Plant Cells Have More
Similarities Than Differences

10. Organelles maintain the life processes of the cell,
including:
Intake of nutrients
Movement
Growth
Response to stimuli
Exchange of gases
Waste removal
Reproduction
The Purpose of Organelles

11. •Cytoplasm refers to the
jelly-like material with
organelles in it.
If the organelles were
removed, the soluble part
that would be left is called
the cytosol. It consists
mainly of water with
dissolved substances such
as amino acids in it.

12. Cell Wall
• Is a stiff non-living wall
that surrounds the cell
membrane made of
cellulose
• Protects the cell from
injury
• Gives the plant cell a
fixed shape
• Cell wall is fully
permeable

13. • Cytoskeleton
Is a network of thin fibrous
filaments that serve as the “bones
and muscles” of cells.
Microfilaments are cytoskeletons
that are also attached to the cell
membrane. They are responsible
for giving the cell its shape.
Microtubules are cytoskeletons
that are not connected to the cell
membrane. They serve as the
anchorage of the organelles in the
cell

14. • Nucleus
it is a membrane bound
organelle, spherical in shape
enclosed by a nuclear envelop.
Most of the activities of the cell is
directed by the nucleus.
• Nucleolus
dark spot in the middle of the
nucleus that helps make
ribosomes
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Nuclear Envelope

15. • Ribosomes
are found on the
endoplasmic reticulum.
Together they help in
manufacturing proteins for
the cell following
instructions of the nucleus
Ribosomes

16. • Endoplasmic
Reticulum
is a membranous
structure forming a
network of canals
through which
proteins and other
molecules are
transported
Smooth Endoplasmic
ReticulumRough Endoplasmic
Reticulum

17. • Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
is an organelle
where most of the
ribosomes are
attached. Proteins
produced in the
ribosomes needs to
be transported
through the Rough
endoplasmic
Smooth Endoplasmic
ReticulumRough Endoplasmic
Reticulum

18. • Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
is a branching canal
(without ribosomes)
that transports large
molecules inside the
cell.
Smooth Endoplasmic
ReticulumRough Endoplasmic
Reticulum

19. • Golgi Complex
they are flattened stacks of
membrane bound sacs.
They function as the
packaging unit, the protein
formed by the endoplasmic
reticulum are packed into
small membrane sacs called
vesicles. Golgi Complex

20. • Lysosomes
organelles that contain
hydrolytic enzymes
(lysozymes) that digest
bacteria, viruses,
complex food particles,
and damaged cell
components that could
be harmful to the cell,
and may interfere with

21. Cell suicide (suicide is bad for
cells, but good for us!)
(The lysosome is not found
in plant cells)

22. • Mitochondria
are small, double-
membraned, spherical
or sausage-shaped
organelles involved in
the production of
energy. The
mitochondria is
popularly known as
the powerhouse of the
cell.
Mitochondria

23. Plant Cell

24. • Vacuole
a small cavity in the
cytoplasm of a cell,
bound by a single
membrane and
containing water, food,
or metabolic waste
Vacuol
e

25. • Plastids
are double-membraned
organelles found in plant cells,
some protozoans, and bacteria.
Chloroplastids or chloroplasts are
the most common plastids in
green plants. It contains green
pigments called chlorophyll.
Chloroplast are the energy-
capturing centers in plant cells,
which are involved in the
manufacture of the cell’s food, a

26. • Chloroplasts
chlorophyll containing
organelles found in cells
of green plants and some
protist; capture light
energy and converted it
to chemical energy
Chloroplasts

27. Chloroplasts
Think of the chloroplast as the solar panel of the plant cell.

28. • Cell wall
is an additional boundary
surrounding the cells of
plants, fungi, bacteria, and
some protozoans. The cell
wall of plant cells is a very
tough substance made up
of cellulose, which support
the cells and protects it
from injury. The wood of
fully-grown plants is
basically made up of cell
wall.
Cell Wall

29. •Vesicles
are organelles that carry
materials in and out of the
cell. These materials
include food particles
needed by the cell and
waste products secreted
by the cell.

30. Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm