This document discusses plant classification and adaptation. It describes the different types of plants from the smallest that need microscopes to see to the largest trees. It explains the divisions of spermatophytes into gymnosperms and angiosperms, and then further divides angiosperms into monocots and dicots. It also describes plants that do not produce seeds like algae, fungi, bryophytes, and pteridophytes. In addition, it provides examples of plant adaptations and uses of plants for medicine.

1. Plant Classification
and Adaptation
CHAPTER 4

2. Plants are living things in different
sizes – from very tiny to very tall
ones. The smallest plant cannot be
seen without using a microscope.
The big ones like Acacia tree, can be
seen even from far afar.

5. Spermatophytes
Seed producing plants
Such as trees, shrubs, crop plants and
vegetables, garden and wild flowers,
weeds and grasses.

6. Gymnosperms
vs
Angiosperms

8. Gymnosper
ms
Seed-producing plants that do not have
true flowers
Also known as conifers because they
produce woody cones
Cones are fruits of conifers and are made up
of scale
Are grown to stop the force of the winds
around farms and to decorate parks and
yards

9. Angiosperms
Seed-producing plants that produce
flowers
Garden and wildflowers, weeds, plants
that produce crops and vegetables,
cereal grains, and trees that lose their
leaves in the fall
Most of the trees in the Philippines
Divided into two groups:
monocotyledons or monocots
Dicotyledons or dicots

10. Monocots
Plants that produce seeds with
one seed leaf
Mono means “one” cot means
“seed leaf”
Usually have narrow, smooth
edged, parallel-veined leaves

12. Dicot
s
Plants that produce seeds with
two seed leaves
Di means “two” cot means “seed
leaf”
Usually have broad,
irregularly shaped, netted
leaves

13. Dicot
s

14. Plants That Do
Not
Produce Seeds

15. Plants That Do Not Produce Seed
Have three Major Groups
Thallophytes
Bryophytes
Pteridophytes

16. Thallophytes
•Simplest form of plants
•Have no roots, stems, or leaves

17. Algae
•Have chlorophyll
•Can make their own food
•They are colored and usually
grow in water
Example: blue-green, green, red
and brown algae.

18. Fungi

19. Bryophytes
• Simple plants but have more
complicated parts than algae and
the fungi
• Have simple leaves
• Do not have true roots and stems
• Possesses root-like and stem-like
structures
• Have chlorophyll and can produce
own food
Example: moss and liverwort

20. Bryophytes
• Simple plants but have more
complicated parts than algae and
the fungi
• Have simple leaves
• Do not have true roots and stems
• Possesses root-like and stem-like
structures
• Have chlorophyll and can produce
own food
Example: moss and liverwort

21. Pteridophyte
s
•Plants that have true roots,
stems and leaves but do not
have flowers, fruits or seeds
•Have chlorophyll and make
their own food
Example: ferns and club mosses

24. Nemesio L. Mendiola
• Known as the Luther Burband of
the Philippines
• Was born in Angono, Rizal and
studied at the College of
Agriculture of the University of the
Philippines
• Combined the sweetness of
Hawaiian pineapple and native pina
• His work included rust-resistant
coffee, the ambos banana, the

25. Needs and Uses of
Plants

26. PRACTICE
(Who was paying attention?)

27. Classify the following
Plants as Monocots
and Dicots:

28. 1
2
3
4
5

29. Identify the following
Plants as
Thallophytes,
Bryophytes, or
Pteridophytes:

30. 1
2
3
4
5

32. 1
2
3
4
5
Monocot
Monocot
Monocot
Dicot
Dicot

33. 6
7
8
9
10

34.  Plants are autotrophs; they
are producers
 They harness the energy of
the sun in the process called
photosynthesis
 Plants uses sunlight, water,
Carbon dioxide, and minerals
from the soil
Photosynthesis
 Takes place in the leaves
 Air and carbon dioxide enters
the plant through the stomata
 Water and minerals enter

35. Photosynthesis
 The chloroplasts are where
photosynthesis occurs which
contain chlorophyll
 Chlorophyll is the pigment in
the plant that absorbs sunlight

36. Some plants live in a bog

37. Uses of plants
•Plants can be used for
medicine

38. Bark of Cinchona tree
• Used for making quinine (a drug
used to treat malaria)

39. Did you know…
• About 3.3 billion people – half of the world's population –
are at risk of malaria
• In 2010, there were about 219
• an estimated 660 000 malaria deaths million malaria cases

40. Ipecac Plant
• Used to treat poison

41. Foxglove Leaves
• Used for heart treatment

42. Aloe Vera
• Used to treat burns
• Believed to slow or prevent
hairloss

43. Camphor Tree
• Used to relieve pain
• Used to relieve itching

44. Plant
Adaptations

45. Thorns
• For protection

46. Corky, rough, thick barks
• For protection

47. Releases pungent odor
• For protection

48. Oils that cause itchiness
• For protection

49. Can grow on water
• Don’t have long roots but have
bulb-like structures

50. Can grow on dry soil
• Have thick and
fleshy stems

51. Phototropism
• Plants bend towards the
light to get the most
sunlight

52. Geotropism
• Most roots grow towards
the ground

53. Seed Dispersal
• Plants have fruits for easy
dispersal
(humans/animals)
• Some have pods that dry
up
• Some are easily carried
by the wind
• Some are carried by
animals
• Some can be carried by
water

54. Colors
!

55. How can we ensure that
there are still plants
and animals for our
future generation?