The document discusses the circulatory system and blood transport in animals. It describes single and double circulatory systems. In a single circulation, blood travels from the heart to the gills to absorb oxygen and then to the organs before returning to the heart. In a double circulation, there are two circuits - one where blood passes from the heart to the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide, and another where blood passes from the heart to the organs and tissues to deliver oxygen before returning to the heart. A double circulation has evolved to create more pressure to pump blood around the system and separate oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood.
Powepoint presentation on the Nervous System, its function and composition. Nerves and neurons - Nerve impulses- Synapse- Reflex action- Reflex arc. - Notes on the eye. links to further study
Mr Exham IGCSE - Movement In And Out Of Cellsmrexham
This is a presentation designed to help explain the section of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course about movement in and out of cells. For more help with IGCSE Biology please visit mrexham.com
Mr Exham IGCSE - Cell Differentiation and Organisationmrexham
This is a presentation designed to help explain the section of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course about cell differentiation and organisation. For more help with IGCSE Biology please visit mrexham.com
This is a presentation designed to help explain the section of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course about classification in the variety of living organisms section. For more help with IGCSE Biology please visit mrexham.com
Powepoint presentation on the Nervous System, its function and composition. Nerves and neurons - Nerve impulses- Synapse- Reflex action- Reflex arc. - Notes on the eye. links to further study
Mr Exham IGCSE - Movement In And Out Of Cellsmrexham
This is a presentation designed to help explain the section of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course about movement in and out of cells. For more help with IGCSE Biology please visit mrexham.com
Mr Exham IGCSE - Cell Differentiation and Organisationmrexham
This is a presentation designed to help explain the section of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course about cell differentiation and organisation. For more help with IGCSE Biology please visit mrexham.com
This is a presentation designed to help explain the section of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course about classification in the variety of living organisms section. For more help with IGCSE Biology please visit mrexham.com
Like Membrane, this is one of the shorter topics with less content to go through. More or less an extension of the mamal transport system, the gas exchange system should still be seen as an individual self-serving/ self-functioning system worthy of its own spotlight.
This is a presentation designed to help explain the section of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course about respiration. For more help with IGCSE Biology please visit mrexham.com
IGCSE Biology 0610 - Introduction to Biology - Characteristics of living orga...Vasiliki Makrygianni
IGCSE Biology 0610/ Syllabus 2020-2022/
Coursebook: Cambridge IGCSE Biology Coursebook (third edition), Mary Jones and Geoff Jones, Cambridge University Press.
note: free to share and use ...is designed for level B1-B2. cheers,...
Transportation of substances in and out of cells can be regulated by the single most underrated and under appreciated organelle in the cell - the phospholipid bilayer membrane.
Like Membrane, this is one of the shorter topics with less content to go through. More or less an extension of the mamal transport system, the gas exchange system should still be seen as an individual self-serving/ self-functioning system worthy of its own spotlight.
This is a presentation designed to help explain the section of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course about respiration. For more help with IGCSE Biology please visit mrexham.com
IGCSE Biology 0610 - Introduction to Biology - Characteristics of living orga...Vasiliki Makrygianni
IGCSE Biology 0610/ Syllabus 2020-2022/
Coursebook: Cambridge IGCSE Biology Coursebook (third edition), Mary Jones and Geoff Jones, Cambridge University Press.
note: free to share and use ...is designed for level B1-B2. cheers,...
Transportation of substances in and out of cells can be regulated by the single most underrated and under appreciated organelle in the cell - the phospholipid bilayer membrane.
This presentation is a combination of different slides which I re-purposed. I included a reference of all the slides I used at the end of my presentation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. Learning Outcomes
• Describe the circulatory system
• Describe single and double circulatory systems
• Explain the advantages of a double circulation
3. How are things transported around
the body?
• The main transport system of all mammals is
the blood system, which is also known as the
circulatory system.
5. Why do you think a transport
system is essential in our bodies?
6. The circulatory system is a system
of tubes with a pump and valves to
ensure one way flow of blood.
7.
8. In a single circulation of a
fish blood travels from the
heart to the gills, where it
absorbs oxygen and releases
carbon dioxide. It then flows
from the gills to the organs
and tissues in the rest of the
body, and back to the heart.
In the circulatory system of a
mammal, there are two circuits
from the heart:
1. blood passes from the heart
to the lungs - where it
absorbs oxygen and releases
carbon dioxide –
2. then back to the heart
blood passes from the heart to
the organs and tissues in the
body, and back to the heart
9. What is meant by a ‘double
circulation’?
This means we have two transport systems.
• One carries blood from your heart to your
lungs and back again. What is the function of
this part?
Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the
air. Low pressure
• The other carries oxygen around the body
and back again. What is the function of this
part?
Carry oxygen to tissues and cells that need it
and remove carbon dioxide. High pressure
10. Think Pair Share
Why do you think a double circulatory
system has evolved?
11. Think Pair Share
Why do you think a double circulatory
system has evolved?
1) The ability to create more pressure to
pump blood round the system.
2) The separation of oxygen-rich and
oxygen-poor blood
19. Stage 1:
A heartbeat begins
with the heart muscle relaxed
and valves
closed. Diastole
Blood flows into the two atria
and both sides fill up with
blood.
20. Stage 2:
The atria contract and the
blood is squeezed which
causes the valves leading to
the ventricles to open.
Systole.
Blood then flows from the atria
into the ventricles.
21. Stage 2 (continued):
The valves between the atria
and the ventricles close.
This prevents any backflow.
22. Stage 3:
Almost immediately, the
ventricles contract and the
blood is squeezed again.
The pressure of the blood
forces open the valves
leading out of the heart.
Blood is pumped out
of the heart.
23. Stage 3 (continued):
When the ventricles are
empty, the valves leading out
of the
heart close and the heart
muscle relaxes.
This completes the sequence
of contraction and relaxation in
one heartbeat.
24. Stage 1 (again):
The atria fill up with blood as
the heartbeat sequence
begins again.
25. Cut and Stick
Cut and stick in order to explain how
blood moves through the circulatory
system.
26. The correct order (Part 1)
• Start: Deoxygenated blood enters vena cava
• Blood enters right atrium
• Blood passes through atrioventricular valve
• Blood enters right ventricle
• Blood passes through the semilunar valve
• Blood leaves the heart via the pulmonary
artery and travels to the lungs
27. The correct order (Part 2)
• Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the
pulmonary vein
• Blood enters the left atrium
• Blood passes through atrioventricular valve
• Blood enters the left ventricle
• Blood passes through the semilunar valve
• Blood leaves the heart via the aorta under
high pressure to the rest of the body
30. Learning Outcomes
• State that the activity of the heart may be
monitored by ECG
• Investigate the effect of physical activity on
the pulse rate.
31. Measuring your heart activity.
• monitored by ECG, electrocardiogram
• pulse rate
• listening to sounds of valves closing
32. Investigating the effect of physical
activity on pulse rate.
• Practical worksheet.
• You need a watch.
33. Explain why pulse rate increases
during exercise.
• Exercise increases the rate at which energy is
needed from food.
• This increases the need for both food and oxygen
in the body.
• Your pulse rate increases so blood can be
pumped around the body faster.
• Your heart speeds up to pump extra food and
oxygen to the muscles for respirateion.
• Breathing speeds up to get more oxygen and to
get rid of more carbon dioxide.
36. Coronary Arteries
• The blood vessels on
the outside of the
heart are called
coronary arteries
• They supply blood to
the heart muscles.
37. Heart attack.
• The heart muscles need a constant supply of
nutrients and oxygen, so it can keep
contracting and relaxing.
• If the arteries get blocked, the cardiac muscles
run short of oxygen.
• They can’t respire and will eventually stop
beating.
• This is called a heart attack or cardiac arrest.
39. Factors that increase the risk of CHD
What can increase the chance of CHD?
• Smoking Cigarettes
• Diet
• Obesity
• Stress
• Genes
40. How can you prevent CHD?
• Regular exercise
– Keeps you fits
– Prevents excessive weight gain
– Decrease blood pressure
– Destress
• Stop smoking
• Diet
– Avoid diets high in animal fats
41. Preventing CHD
• Statins
– Statins are a type of drug that helps reduce the
cholesterol levels in the blood.
– However, they sometimes have unpleasant side
effects.
42. Treating CHD
• Doctors can prescribe statins to help reduce
cholesterol.
• Also, other drugs to lower blood pressure.
– For example: aspirin
• Surgery –
– bypass (see page 111 figure 9.8)
– Stent: a small tube is put inside the artery to keep it
open.
– Angioplasty – a small balloon is put in the artery and
inflated using water to open the artery and then
removed
44. Learning Outcomes
• Describe the structure and function of
arteries, veins and capillaries.
• Name the blood vessels to and from the heart,
lungs and kidneys
• State the function of arterioles, venules and
shunt vessels.
• Outline the lymphatic system.
45. Types of blood vessel
There are 3 main types:
• Arteries – take blood away from the heart.
• Veins – take blood back to the heart
• Capillaries – involved in the exchange of
materials at the tissues.
52. Joining blood vessels together
What are arterioles?
• Arterioles are vessels that small arteries
branch out into.
Function?
• To regulate the flow of blood into different
tissues.
53. What are venules?
• Small vessels that are formed when capillaries
come together. Many venules unite to form a
vein.
Function?
• Allow deoxygenated blood to return from the
capillary beds to the veins, which then
transports the blood back to the heart.
54. What are shunt vessels?
• A blood vessel that links an artery directly to a
vein, allowing blood to bypass the capillaries
in certain areas.
Function of shunt vessels
• Provide channels that bypass capillary beds.
55. Lymphatic Vessels
What is the lymphatic system?
• The lymphatic system is a network of tubes
throughout the body that drains fluid (called
lymph) from tissues and empties it back into
the bloodstream. Lymph is filtered through
the spleen, thymus and lymph nodes before
being emptied into the blood.
56. The role of the lymphatic system.
1) Fluid balance/ circulation of body fluids: to
return tissue fluid to the blood
2) Protection from infection: Produce white
blood cells (lymphocytes)
3) Absorption of fats: transport digested fats
from villi to blood stream
4) Filtering out bacteria
59. Learning Outcomes
• List the components of blood.
• State the functions of each component of
blood.
• State the functions of lymphocytes and
phagocytes
• Describe the process of clotting.
• State the roles of blood clotting.
60. Blood >
• Red blood cells
• White blood cells
• Plasma
• Platelets
69. a) Blood vessel gets damaged
b) Platelets begin adhering to damaged area to begin to
form a plug.
c) To reinforce the plug platelets and damaged cells
release a group of proteins called clotting factors into
the plasma a wound site.
d) Clotting factors activate the enzyme thrombin from
its inactive form prothrombin
e) Thrombin is an enzyme which catalyses the conversion
of the soluble plasma protein fibrinogen into its insoluble
fibrous form fibrin.
f) Fibrin binds together platelets and blood cells to form
a solid 'plug' for the wound. This plug is called a clot.
Blood clotting >
