The document describes a single phase transformer. A transformer transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through mutual induction of two coils linked by a common magnetic flux, allowing voltages to be stepped up or down. It does this without moving parts, making it highly efficient and easy to maintain compared to other electrical machines. A transformer allows high voltages to be used for power transmission and distribution via the electric grid, improving efficiency.

1. Single Phase Transformer

2. • The efficiency of electrical power transmission has
been improved by the use of higher voltages.
• This is one of the main reasons that alternating
current (AC) has nearly entirely replaced direct
current (DC) for power transmission and distribution.
• While it is true that the AC generator is better than
the DC generator for producing higher voltages.
• The transformer is the device or machine primarily
responsible for the wide use of AC today.

3. • Basically, the transformer is a device for
transferring electrical energy from one circuit
to another circuit without a change in
frequency.
• The transformer accomplishes the change in
voltage without use of moving parts, and
therein lies its great advantage.

4. • The cost per kilowatt is comparatively low, and
the efficiency is high.
• As a matter of fact, the transformer is the most
efficient piece of electrical machinery, and
efficiencies of 98 and 99% are not at all
uncommon.
• Since there are no moving parts, maintenance is
simpler and cheaper, and the required insulation
for the extremely high voltages obtained can
more easily be constructed.

5. • A transformer is a static (or stationary) piece of
apparatus by means of which electrical power in
one circuit is transformed into electric power of
the same frequency in another circuit.
• It can raise (step up) or lower (step down) the
voltage in a circuit but with a corresponding
decrease or increase in current.
• Physically, a transformer is mutual induction
between two circuits linked by a common
magnetic flux.

6. Voltage Transformation Ratio (K)
• If N2>N1 i.e. K>1,
then transformer is called step-up
• If N2< N1 i.e. K<1,
then transformer is called step-down
transformer
(We will discuss about EMF in next class)

7. • For Ideal Transformer, input VA= output VA
V1 x I1= V2 x I2= 1/k

8. Solve the problem:
The maximum flux density in the core of a
250/3000 volts,50 Hz single phase transformer
is 1.2 Wb/m2. If the e.m.f. per turn is 8 volt,
determine-
• Primary and secondary turns

9. Sol:
E1= N1 x e.m.f. induced/ turn
• N1= 250/8= 32
• N2= 3000/8= 375