Joints and movements

1. Joints & Movements
Dr Rishi Pokhrel
Maj
Assistant Professor
NAIHS

2. Joint
• Link between 2 or more bones or cartilages
• Supported and made stable by ligaments
• Movement along joint is produced by muscles

3. Classification of joints
• Non-movable joints - Synarthroses
• Slightly movable joints - Amphiarthroses
• Freely movable joints – (synovial joints)
Diarthroses

4. Classification of joints
Non-movable joints
• No movement is allowed between bones
• Designed to allow growth of body e.g. sutures
allow growth of brain
• Types are
– Sutures
– Gomphosis
– Syndesmosis

6. • Sutures: present between skull bones e.g. sagittal
suture b/w 2 parietal bones, coronal sutures b/w
frontal & parietal bones etc.
• Gomphosis: joints b/w jaw bones (Mandible &
maxilla) and teeth. Periodontal ligaments hold
these joints together.
• Syndesmosis: joints formed by fibrous band that
hold 2 or more bones together. Interosseous
membrane between radius and ulna or between
tibia and fibula are syndesmosis.

7. Slightly movable joints
• Some degree of movements between bones.
• Example:
– Primary cartilaginous jt
– secondary cartilaginous joints
• symphysis pubis between 2 pubis bones,
• intervertebral discs between adjacent vertebrae
• manubriosternal joints.

8. Freely movable joints / Synovial joints
• Allow large range of
movements
• Articular surfaces covered by
hyaline cartilage.
• Presence of joint cavity,
synovial fluid, synovial
membrane and joint capsule
are features of these joints.

10. Classification of synovial joints
Ball & socket joints
• most mobile among all joints
• Sphere in one bone fits into cavity of another
bone.
• E.g. hip joint, shoulder joint
• Movements

11. • Hinge joint: movement across these joints is
in one axis, like hinge movement of door or
window. E. g. elbow joint, knee joint etc.

12. Condylar joint
• oval shaped condyle fits into socket of
another bone allowing movement in 1 axis
with some rotational movement in another
axis.
• E.g. temporomandibular

13. • Plane joints: articular surfaces are flat and
only minimal gliding movement is possible.
E.g. inter-carpel and inter-tarsal joints.

14. • Pivot joints: one bone is fixed and the other
rotates around the fixed bone e.g. proximal &
distal radioulnar joints.

15. Ellipsoid joints
• oval convex male surface fits into reciprocal
concave female surface of adjoining bone
• Allows movements in 2 axes e.g. flexion-
extension & adduction-abduction.
• E.g. wrist joint, metacarpo-phalangeal joints,
atlanto-occipital joint etc.

16. Saddle joints
• Both articular surfaces are reciprocally
concavo-convex
• e.g. 1st metacarpo-phalangeal joint, sterno-
clavicular joint etc.

17. MOVEMENTS ALLOWED BY SYNOVIAL
JOINTS
• Three basic types of movement
– Gliding – One bone across the surface of another
– Angular movement – Movements change the angle
between bones
– Rotation – Movement around a bone's long axis
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18. GLIDING
• Flat surfaces of two bones glide
across each other
• Gliding occurs between
– Carpals
– Articular processes of vertebrae
– Tarsals
SK DEPT OF ANATOMY AFMC 18

19. ANGULAR MOVEMENT
• Flexion
• Extension
• Dorsiflexion & Plantar-flexion
• Abduction
• Adduction
• Circumduction
SK DEPT OF ANATOMY AFMC 19

20. ANGULAR MOVEMENTS
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21. ROTATION
• Turning of a bone around its own
long axis
• Examples:
– Between C-1 & C-2 vertebrae
– Hip & shoulder joints
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