This document provides information about synovial joints presented by nursing students from Duhok Polytechnic University. It defines synovial joints as the type of joint found between bones that move against each other. The document describes the general structure of synovial joints including articular cartilage, joint cavity, articular capsule, synovial fluid, and ligaments. It also discusses the different types of synovial joints including plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints. Specific examples like the shoulder, hip, elbow, and knee joints are explained in terms of their structure and movement.

1. Duhok polytechnic University
Bardarash technical institute
Nursing department
Synovial Joints
Presentation By :-
• Fatima yeasin
Muhammed ghaib
•Hals hazm
•Ismail bahre
• Hogr askander
• Fazil kakl
Supervise by:-
Dr Zahir
2022
-
2023
Group G

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Joint: is the part of the body where two or more bones
meet to allow movement also called articulation is a
point of contact
Arthrology:- It is the scientific study of
joints.
Kinesiology:- It is the study of the motion of the
human body.

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the
bones are joined by strong fibrous tissue rich in
collagen

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Cartilaginous joints are a type of joint where
the bones are entirely joined by cartilage,
either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.

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synovial joint is the type of joint found
between bones that move against each
other

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Function of joint
1. to allow mobility of the skeletal
system
2. to provide a protective enclosure for
vital organs

8. Synovial Joints: Range of Motion
• Nonaxial – slipping movements only
• Uniaxial – movement in one plane
• Biaxial – movement in two planes
• Multiaxial – movement in or around all three planes
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9. Synovial Joints:
General Structure
• Synovial joints all have
the following:
• Articular cartilage
• Joint (synovial) cavity
• Articular capsule
• Synovial fluid
• Reinforcing ligaments
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Figure 8.3a

10. Synovial Joints: Friction-Reducing Structures
• Bursae – flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial
membranes and containing synovial fluid
• Common where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones
rub together
• Tendon sheath – elongated bursa that wraps completely
around a tendon
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11. Synovial Joints: Stability
• Stability is determined by:
• Articular surfaces – shape determines what movements are
possible
• Ligaments – unite bones and prevent excessive or undesirable
motion
• Muscles
• Muscle tendons across joints are the most important stabilizing factor
• Tendons are kept tight at all times by muscle tone
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12. Synovial Joints: Movement
• Muscle attachment across a joint
• Origin – attachment to the immovable bone
• Insertion – attachment to the movable bone
• Described as movement along transverse, frontal, or sagittal
planes
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13. Types of Synovial Joints
• Plane joints
• Articular surfaces are
essentially flat
• Allow only slipping
or gliding
movements
• Only examples of
nonaxial joints
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Figure 8.7a

14. Types of Synovial
Joints
• Hinge joints
• Cylindrical projections of
one bone fits into a trough-
shaped surface on another
• Motion is along a single
plane
• Uniaxial joints permit
flexion and extension only
• Examples: elbow and
interphalangeal joints
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Figure 8.7b

15. Pivot Joints
• Rounded end of one bone
protrudes into a “sleeve,”
or ring, composed of
bone (and possibly
ligaments) of another
• Only uniaxial movement
allowed
• Examples: joint between
the axis and the dens,
and the proximal
radioulnar joint
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Figure 8.7c

16. Condyloid, or Ellipsoidal, Joints
• Oval articular surface of
one bone fits into a
complementary
depression in another
• Both articular surfaces
are oval
• Biaxial joints permit all
angular motions
• Examples: radiocarpal
(wrist) joints, and
metacarpophalangeal
(knuckle) joints
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Figure 8.7d

17. Saddle Joints
• Similar to condyloid
joints but with
greater movement
• Each articular surface
has both a concave
and a convex surface
• Example:
carpometacarpal
joint of the thumb
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Figure 8.7e

18. Ball-and-Socket Joints
• A spherical or
hemispherical head
of one bone
articulates with a
cuplike socket of
another
• Multiaxial joints
permit the most
freely moving
synovial joints
• Examples: shoulder
and hip joints
18
Figure 8.7f

19. Synovial Joints: Shoulder (Glenohumeral)
• Ball-and-socket joint in which stability is sacrificed to obtain
greater freedom of movement
• Head of humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa of the
scapula
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20. Synovial Joints: Hip Joint
• Hip (coxal) joint
• Ball-and-socket joint
• Head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum
• Good range of motion, but limited by the deep socket and
strong ligaments
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21. Synovial Joints: Hip Stability
• Acetabular
labrum
• Iliofemoral
ligament
• Pubofemoral
ligament
• Ischiofemoral
ligament
• Ligamentum
teres
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Figure 8.9a

22. Stability:
• Annular ligament
• Ulnar collateral
ligament
• Radial collateral
ligament 22
Figure 8.10a
Synovial Joints: Elbow
• Hinge joint that
allows flexion and
extension only
• Radius and ulna
articulate with the
humerus

23. Synovial Joints: Knee
• Largest and most complex joint of the body
• Allow flexion, extension, and some rotation
• Three joints in one surrounded by a single joint cavity
• Femoropatellar
• Lateral and medial tibiofemoral joints
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24. Reference
• https://mydr.com.au/sports-fitness/joint-synovial/
• https://www.physio-pedia.com/Synovial_Joints
• https://teachmeanatomy.info/the-basics/synovial-joint
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