FLASH DISTILLATION.pptx
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Flash distillation is a continuous distillation process used to separate components in multicomponent systems that boil at very high temperatures. It works by suddenly vaporizing an entire liquid mixture by passing it from a high pressure zone to a low pressure zone, relying on differences in vapor pressure and boiling points between components. Unlike regular distillation, flash distillation is not efficient for obtaining pure components but can separate components that would be difficult to distill through conventional heating methods due to their high boiling points. The document provides an introduction to the basic principles and methodology of flash distillation.
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Disadvantages
Methods of Extraction, Pharmacognosy, types of extraction for herbal drugs
This document discusses various techniques for extracting medicinal compounds from plants and organisms. It defines extraction as separating medicinally active plant or animal tissues from inactive components using selective solvents. Several specific extraction methods are described, including maceration, digestion, decoction, percolation, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Each method has advantages and disadvantages related to efficiency, potential chemical changes during extraction, time requirements, and environmental impact.
Aerosols
This document discusses pharmaceutical aerosols, including their definition, advantages, disadvantages, and components. Aerosols depend on compressed or liquefied gas to expel their contents from containers. They provide benefits such as preventing contamination, enhancing stability, and maintaining sterility during dosing. However, they can also cause irritation and lead to inhalation toxicity. The key components of aerosols are the propellant, container, valve, actuator, and product concentrate. Quality control testing is performed on these components to ensure the aerosols meet specifications.
Laboratory assignment 5 (tupaz, ishi pearl c.)
Distillation is a technique used to separate mixtures by selective boiling and condensation. It involves heating a liquid mixture until certain components boil off and are then condensed. There are several distillation processes used in the laboratory, including simple distillation for mixtures with large boiling point differences, fractional distillation for mixtures with similar boiling points using multiple stages, steam distillation to isolate heat-sensitive materials, and vacuum distillation for very high boiling points. Other specialized processes include air-sensitive vacuum distillation, short path distillation for unstable substances, and zone distillation using partial melting.
Extraction_swapnil_(1)[1].pptx
This document provides an overview of extraction processes. It discusses various extraction techniques including solid-liquid extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, infusion, decoction, maceration, percolation, digestion, and soxhlet extraction. Modern extraction methods like supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and ultrasound-assisted extraction are also covered. Key factors that affect the extraction process are identified as the character of the drug, its therapeutic value, cost, stability, choice of solvent, and concentration of the extracted product.
Microwave Assited Extraction (MAE) techniques of herbal drugs
Microwave-assisted extraction is an efficient method to extract compounds from plants using microwave energy. It provides faster extraction times, improved yields, and better accuracy compared to traditional techniques like Soxhlet extraction. The document discusses the principles and theory of microwave extraction, different instruments used, factors that affect the extraction process like solvent, temperature, and power. It concludes that microwave extraction is an effective technique for herbal drug extraction and more research is needed to improve industrial applications.
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Methods of Extraction, Pharmacognosy, types of extraction for herbal drugs
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Microwave Assited Extraction (MAE) techniques of herbal drugs
Microwave Assited Extraction (MAE) techniques of herbal drugs
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This document discusses good warehousing practices, including warehouse layout and design, safety and security measures, quality control and inspection, and environmental considerations. Proper inventory management, efficient warehouse layout, safety protocols, quality checks, and sustainability efforts are important for maintaining product quality, delivering goods efficiently, and reducing costs and environmental impact. Implementing good warehousing practices provides benefits like increased productivity, profitability, reputation, and customer satisfaction.
Complaints.pptx
1. The document outlines the standard operating procedure (SOP) for handling product complaints at a pharmaceutical company. It describes the process for receiving, investigating, taking corrective actions for complaints, and generating monthly reports.
2. Key aspects of the SOP include categorizing complaints, timelines for investigation, using a product complaint data sheet to document details, conducting documentation-based and laboratory investigations, and providing feedback and corrective actions to customers.
3. Monthly reports analyze complaint trends to assess quantities and types of complaints received. This allows the company to improve product quality and maintain good customer relationships.
ICH introduction.pptx
The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) aims to harmonize technical requirements for pharmaceutical registration across regions to increase consistency, make more efficient use of resources, and help develop and make more medicines available while maintaining quality and efficacy. ICH seeks to standardize guidelines and requirements for drug registration to reduce costs and better meet public health needs. Its objectives include achieving greater consistency in technical guidelines, more economical use of human and material resources, and facilitating more drug development and availability with safeguards for quality and effectiveness.
Training.pptx
Training is essential for personnel at a pharma company. The manufacturer must provide training for all employees who work in production or quality control to ensure they can properly operate equipment and perform duties that affect product quality. Maintaining training records for every employee can improve quality performance by helping to ensure personnel have the necessary skills.
Responsibilities In Pharma Company
The document outlines the responsibilities of individuals in a pharma company's quality control and production departments. The head of quality control is responsible for approving or rejecting materials and finished products, validating analytical procedures and equipment calibration. The head of production is responsible for maintaining appropriate documentation to improve production instructions, and ensuring proper maintenance of departments, premises, and equipment.
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Personal hygiene is extremely important for those working in a pharmaceutical company. Workers must be healthy and have good hygiene habits like proper hand sanitization. They should avoid eating, drinking, smoking or storing food in the manufacturing unit. Anyone infected should not be permitted in the unit to prevent the spread of infection.
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The document discusses the elements, objectives, benefits, and advantages of Quality by Design (QBD). QBD aims to ensure robust manufacturing processes, demonstrate understanding to regulators, and encourage sufficient product understanding. Benefits include reduced validation costs, improved product design, fewer manufacturing problems, enabling continuous improvement, and lower costs. The objectives are to have robust processes, demonstrate enhanced understanding to agencies, and develop sufficient product knowledge.
QBD.pptx
Quality by Design (QBD) is a systematic approach to pharmaceutical development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and control based on sound science and quality risk management. It provides benefits like less validation burden, better product design, fewer manufacturing problems, enabling continuous improvement, and lower costs. The key elements of QBD include its definition, benefits, and components like defining objectives, understanding variability, and setting in-process controls.
Total quality management
Total quality management (TQM) is defined as an integrated organizational effort to improve quality at every level based on key principles: focusing on customers, continuous improvement, teamwork and mutual respect, and producing quality work the first time. TQM is characterized by process improvements, measuring processes, flexible production, and an open organization. Benefits of TQM include improved teamwork, quality, productivity, and profitability. Seven gurus contributed to the development of TQM, including Deming who proposed the PDCA cycle and Juran who developed the concept of quality trilogy.
TQM Benefits and Gurus.pptx
Total quality management (TQM) aims to improve quality at all levels through an integrated organizational effort. The main TQM principles are focusing on customers, continuous improvement, teamwork, and producing quality work. TQM is characterized by process improvements, measuring processes, flexible production, and an open organization. Benefits of TQM include improved teamwork, quality, productivity, and profitability. The seven gurus of TQM who developed key concepts include Walter Shewhart, W. Edwards Deming, Joseph Juran, Armand Feigenbaum, Philip Crosby, Genichi Taguchi, and Kaoru Ishikawa.
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Total quality management (TQM) aims to improve quality at all levels through an integrated organizational effort focused on customer satisfaction. Key elements of TQM include focusing on the customer, employee involvement, and continuous improvement. Some advantages of TQM are improved quality, employee participation, teamwork, and better working relationships, while disadvantages can include initial introduction costs and worker resistance to change. TQM is important in the pharmaceutical industry for ensuring quality in areas like handling, storage, packaging, facilities, equipment, and sterile areas.
ICH goals and process.pptx
The document discusses the goals and process of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). The ICH aims to harmonize technical requirements for pharmaceutical registration across regions to increase efficiency and access to new medicines while maintaining quality and safety. The ICH process involves developing guidelines through formal procedures, answering questions, revising existing guidelines, and maintaining established standards.
Introduction to ICH.pptx
The document introduces the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), which aims to harmonize technical requirements for pharmaceutical registration across regions to increase consistency, make more efficient use of resources, and help develop new medicines while maintaining safety and effectiveness. ICH seeks to standardize guidelines and registration processes for drugs to reduce costs and better meet public health needs.
Mixing.pptx
The document discusses mixing in the context of pharmaceutical production. It outlines that the main objective of mixing is to produce a bulk mixture that, when divided into doses, ensures each dose contains the correct proportions. It notes mixing is a critical intermediate step for tablets and capsules. The document also lists factors that affect mixing and different mechanisms for solid, liquid, and semisolid mixing. Specifically, it explains solid mixing involves convective, shear, and diffusive mechanisms while liquid mixing uses bulk transport, turbulent flow, laminar flow, and molecular diffusion.
Freeze dryer.pptx
Freeze drying, or lyophilisation, is a process that converts solutions or suspensions into solids for storage and distribution. It works by sublimating a material, changing it directly from a solid to a gas, below the triple point. Key components of a freeze dryer include a drying chamber, heating elements, a vapor condensing system, and a vacuum pump. Freeze drying has advantages like preserving heat-sensitive materials and proteins without denaturation. However, it is an expensive and slow process limited to specific valuable products.
Vacuum dryer
The document describes a vacuum dryer used to dry heat sensitive and hygroscopic materials. It works by reducing chamber pressure below water vapor pressure through a vacuum pump, allowing water to boil and evaporate faster. Trays inside the hollow oven increase surface area for heat conduction. Materials are dried at 25-30°C as water vapor is evaporated under vacuum and condenses before being collected.
FLUIDIZED BED DRYER
The document summarizes a fluidized bed dryer. It works by fluidizing wet solid particles using hot air forced through a perforated bed from the bottom. The dryer is made of stainless steel or plastic with a detachable bowl for charging and discharging materials. Hot air is circulated through the bed to dry particles completely before exiting through bag filters. It allows for continuous, rapid drying at a constant rate with high efficiency and capacity compared to other dryers. Pharmaceutical uses include drying granules for tablet production and granule coating.
SPRAY DRYER
Spray drying is an industrial process that transforms a liquid feed containing dissolved or dispersed solids into a spray of small droplets that are exposed to hot air to be dried. It allows for effective control of product quality and properties during continuous high-tonnage production. While spray dryers are bulky and expensive, they permit thermolabile pharmaceuticals to be dried at low temperature and are used to dry products like penicillin, enzymes, and vaccines.
Drum Dryer
The document describes a drum dryer, which consists of one or two horizontally mounted hollow cylinders or drums that are heated internally by steam and rotated. Liquid or slurry is spread as a film onto the heated, rotating drum surface where it dries rapidly via conduction and steam heating. The dried material is then scraped off and collected while the drum continues rotating. Drum drying allows for rapid drying of thermosensitive materials in a compact system, though it requires careful control of processing parameters and has high maintenance costs.
tray drayer.pptx
The tray dryer uses forced hot air convection to remove moisture from solids placed on stainless steel trays. It has double-walled insulation and doors with gaskets. Hot air is blown through the chamber at 2-5 meters per second to evaporate water from the surface of the solids on each tray, which are loaded and unloaded batch-wise. Tray dryers are efficient, require little labor, and are available with capacities from 6 to 192 trays.
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FLASH DISTILLATION.pptx
- 1. Subject: PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING-Theory FLASH DISTILLATION PREPARED BY: KASHISH WILSON ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, MM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, MM(DU) MULLANA , AMBALA
- 2. Contents: Introduction & basic principles and methodology of 1. Flash distillation
- 3. Introduction Distillation is a process in which a liquid or vapour mixture of two or more substances is separated into its component fractions of desired purity, by the application and removal of heat. Principle: Separation of components from a liquid mixture via distillation depends on the differences in boiling points of the individual components. And also depends on the vapour pressure characteristics of liquid mixtures.
- 4. Flash Distillation Flash Distillation is a process in which the entire liquid mixture is suddenly vaporized(flash) by passing the feed from high pressure zone to low pressure zone Flash distillation is used for separating components, which boils at very high temperatures. Moreover, it is a continuous process, used in multicomponent system. It is not efficient for pure components.
- 5. Thank You