Total quality management (TQM) aims to improve quality at all levels through an integrated organizational effort. The main TQM principles are focusing on customers, continuous improvement, teamwork, and producing quality work. TQM is characterized by process improvements, measuring processes, flexible production, and an open organization. Benefits of TQM include improved teamwork, quality, productivity, and profitability. The seven gurus of TQM who developed key concepts include Walter Shewhart, W. Edwards Deming, Joseph Juran, Armand Feigenbaum, Philip Crosby, Genichi Taguchi, and Kaoru Ishikawa.