Freeze dryer.pptx
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Freeze drying, or lyophilisation, is a process that converts solutions or suspensions into solids for storage and distribution. It works by sublimating a material, changing it directly from a solid to a gas, below the triple point. Key components of a freeze dryer include a drying chamber, heating elements, a vapor condensing system, and a vacuum pump. Freeze drying has advantages like preserving heat-sensitive materials and proteins without denaturation. However, it is an expensive and slow process limited to specific valuable products.
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The advantages of lyophilization include:
Ease of processing a liquid, which simplifies aseptic handling
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Sterilizing the bulk solution by passing it through a 0.22 micron bacteria-retentive filter.
Filling into individual sterile containers and partially stoppering the containers under aseptic conditions.
Transporting the partially stoppered containers to the lyophilizer and loading into the chamber under aseptic conditions.
Freezing the solution by placing the partially stoppered containers on cooled shelves in a freeze-drying chamber or pre-freezing in another chamber.
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The advantages of lyophilization include:
Ease of processing a liquid, which simplifies aseptic handling
Enhanced stability of a dry powder
Removal of water without excessive heating of the product
Enhanced product stability in a dry state
Rapid and easy dissolution of reconstituted product
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Increased handling and processing time
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The lyophilization process generally includes the following steps:
Dissolving the drug and excipients in a suitable solvent, generally water for injection (WFI).
Sterilizing the bulk solution by passing it through a 0.22 micron bacteria-retentive filter.
Filling into individual sterile containers and partially stoppering the containers under aseptic conditions.
Transporting the partially stoppered containers to the lyophilizer and loading into the chamber under aseptic conditions.
Freezing the solution by placing the partially stoppered containers on cooled shelves in a freeze-drying chamber or pre-freezing in another chamber.
Applying a vacuum to the chamber and heating the shelves in order to evaporate the water from the frozen state.
Complete stoppering of the vials usually by hydraulic or screw rod stoppering mechanisms installed in the lyophilizers.
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The document introduces the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), which aims to harmonize technical requirements for pharmaceutical registration across regions to increase consistency, make more efficient use of resources, and help develop new medicines while maintaining safety and effectiveness. ICH seeks to standardize guidelines and registration processes for drugs to reduce costs and better meet public health needs.
Mixing.pptx
The document discusses mixing in the context of pharmaceutical production. It outlines that the main objective of mixing is to produce a bulk mixture that, when divided into doses, ensures each dose contains the correct proportions. It notes mixing is a critical intermediate step for tablets and capsules. The document also lists factors that affect mixing and different mechanisms for solid, liquid, and semisolid mixing. Specifically, it explains solid mixing involves convective, shear, and diffusive mechanisms while liquid mixing uses bulk transport, turbulent flow, laminar flow, and molecular diffusion.
Vacuum dryer
The document describes a vacuum dryer used to dry heat sensitive and hygroscopic materials. It works by reducing chamber pressure below water vapor pressure through a vacuum pump, allowing water to boil and evaporate faster. Trays inside the hollow oven increase surface area for heat conduction. Materials are dried at 25-30°C as water vapor is evaporated under vacuum and condenses before being collected.
FLUIDIZED BED DRYER
The document summarizes a fluidized bed dryer. It works by fluidizing wet solid particles using hot air forced through a perforated bed from the bottom. The dryer is made of stainless steel or plastic with a detachable bowl for charging and discharging materials. Hot air is circulated through the bed to dry particles completely before exiting through bag filters. It allows for continuous, rapid drying at a constant rate with high efficiency and capacity compared to other dryers. Pharmaceutical uses include drying granules for tablet production and granule coating.
SPRAY DRYER
Spray drying is an industrial process that transforms a liquid feed containing dissolved or dispersed solids into a spray of small droplets that are exposed to hot air to be dried. It allows for effective control of product quality and properties during continuous high-tonnage production. While spray dryers are bulky and expensive, they permit thermolabile pharmaceuticals to be dried at low temperature and are used to dry products like penicillin, enzymes, and vaccines.
Drum Dryer
The document describes a drum dryer, which consists of one or two horizontally mounted hollow cylinders or drums that are heated internally by steam and rotated. Liquid or slurry is spread as a film onto the heated, rotating drum surface where it dries rapidly via conduction and steam heating. The dried material is then scraped off and collected while the drum continues rotating. Drum drying allows for rapid drying of thermosensitive materials in a compact system, though it requires careful control of processing parameters and has high maintenance costs.
tray drayer.pptx
The tray dryer uses forced hot air convection to remove moisture from solids placed on stainless steel trays. It has double-walled insulation and doors with gaskets. Hot air is blown through the chamber at 2-5 meters per second to evaporate water from the surface of the solids on each tray, which are loaded and unloaded batch-wise. Tray dryers are efficient, require little labor, and are available with capacities from 6 to 192 trays.
Mechanism f drying
The document discusses the mechanisms and principles of drying, including that drying involves the removal of moisture through evaporation and transport using heat, and describes key terms used in drying systems like bound water, free moisture content, equilibrium moisture content, and critical moisture content. It also provides a classification of different types of dryers based on their mode of operation and heating method.
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Freeze dryer.pptx
- 1. FREEZE DRYER KASHISH WILSON MM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, MM(DU) MULLANA AMBALA
- 2. PRINCIPLE... • Freeze drying or lyophilisation is a drying process used to convert solutions or suspensions of labile materials into solids of sufficient stability for distribution and storage. The fundamental principle in freeze-drying is sublimation, the shift from a solid directly into a gas. Just like evaporation, sublimation occurs when a molecule gains enough energy to break free from the molecules around it. Drying is achieved by subjecting the materials to temperature and pressures below the triple point
- 4. CONTINUE... • Drying chamber in which trays are loaded. • Heat supply in radiation source, heating coils. • Vapour condensing or adsorption system • Vacuum pump or stream ejector or both.
- 5. CONTINUE...
- 6. WORKING
- 7. CONTINUE...
- 8. ADVANTAGES.... • It is suitable for drying heat sensitive products • Freeze dried products is porous and easy to dehydrated and instantly dissolved. • Drying takes place at very low temperature, so that enzyme action is inhibited and chemical decomposition, particularly hydrolysis, is minimized. • Denaturation of protein does not occur. • Loss of volatile material is less. • Sterility can be maintained
- 9. DISADVANTAGES... • The process is very slow. • Expensive process. • It is not a general method of drying, but it is limited to certain type of valuable products that cannot be dried by any other means. • The period of drying is high. • The product is prone to oxidation, due to the high porosity and large surface area. • Therefore, the product must be vacuum packed or with an inert gas or in container
- 10. • It is used in production of injection, solutions, and suspension. • It is also used for production of blood plasma and its fractionated products, bacterial and viral cultures, antibiotics and plant extracts, steroids, vitamins and enzymes. • Food product like mushroom, meat products can be dried by this method. • Coffee and tea concentrates and citrus fruit juices are also dried by this method. • Pharmaceutical companies often use freeze-drying to increase the shelf life of • products, such as vaccines and other injectable. PHARMACEUTICAL USES
- 11. THANKS.....